The Bahamas

Commonwealth of The Bahamas

constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realmIndependence 10 July 1973 (from the UK)

The Bahamas as the 2010 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 126 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalNassau, UTC-5
Position24 15 N, 76 00 W
Area13,880 sq km
LocationCaribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba
Populationas each edition published it
310,426 people July 2010 est. · 246,491 in 1990
Population growth% a year
0.935% 2010 est. · 1.62% in 1993
Median ageyears
29.9 years 2010 est. · 27 yrs in 2003
Life expectancyyears at birth
70.84 years 2010 est. · 72.02 yrs in 1993
Fertility ratechildren per woman
2 children per woman 2010 est. · 1.9 in 1990
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
13.68 deaths per 1,000 live births 2010 est. · 21 in 1990
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$28,600 2010 est. · $10,200 in 1993
GDP real growth% a year
-0.5% 2010 est. · 3% in 1993

Introduction

1 field

Background

Lucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism and international banking and investment management. Because of its geography, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US and Europe, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US.

Geography

Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba

19 fields

Land useshare of 13,880 sq km

arable land 0.58%permanent crops 0.29%other 99.13% (2005)irrigated 10 sq km (2003)
Area
13,880sq km
country comparison to the world: 160land: 10,010 sq kmwater: 3,870 sq kmslightly smaller than Connecticut
Coastline
3,542km
land boundaries: 0 kmterritorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Highest point
63m
Mount Alvernia on Cat Islandlowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Location

Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba

Geographic coordinates

24 15 N, 76 00 W

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Climate

tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream

Terrain

long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills

Natural resources

salt, aragonite, timber, arable land

Natural hazards

hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage

Environment - current issues

coral reef decay; solid waste disposal

Environment - international agreements

party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements

Geography - note

strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited

People

21 fields

Age structuremale left, female right · (2010 est.)

6,998
65 and over5.9%
11,289
103,889
15-6468.7%
107,528
39,493
0-1425.3%
38,355
MaleFemale
Population
310,426
country comparison to the world: 177growth rate: 0.935% (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 126
Note
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2010 est.)

Per 1,000 population

Birth
16.25 (2010 est.)Death
6.89 (July 2010 est.)Net migration
0 (2010 est.)

Male · female

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years (2010 est.)70.84
68.48 · 73.27Infant mortality deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)13.68
13.68 · 13.69
TotalMale · femaleLiteracy (2003 est.)95.6%
94.7% · 96.5%Median age years (2010 est.)29.9
28.8 · 31
MaleFemaleLife expectancy country comparison to the world: 140 · Infant mortality country comparison to the world: 129 · Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Ethnic groups

black 85%white 12%Asian and Hispanic 3%

Religions(2000 census)

Baptist 35.4%Anglican 15.1%Roman Catholic 13.5%Pentecostal 8.1%Church of God 4.8%Methodist 4.2%other Christian 15.2%none or unspecified 2.9%other 0.8% (2000 census)
Urban population
84%of total population
(2008)rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
3%
(2007 est.)country comparison to the world: 24

Sex ratio

at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.62 male(s)/female
total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate

2 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

6,200 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 200 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Nationality

noun:
Bahamian(s)
adjective:
Bahamian

Languages

English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Education expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2000) country comparison to the world: 127

Government

Constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm; Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Prime Minister Hubert A. INGRAHAM (since 4 May 2007)

19 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

49.86%
FNM 49.86%PLP 47.02%last held on 2 May 2007 (next to be held by May 2012)

Legislature, 41 seats, elected 2 May 2007one dot, one seat

FNM 23PLP 18

Percent of vote

FNM 49.86%PLP 47.02%

Country name

conventional long form:
Commonwealth of The Bahamas
conventional short form:
The Bahamas

Government type

constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Capital

name:
Nassau
geographic coordinates:
25 05 N, 77 21 W
time difference:
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:
+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

Administrative divisions

31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama

Independence

10 July 1973 (from the UK)

National holiday

Independence Day, 10 July (1973)

Constitution

10 July 1973

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Arthur A. FOULKES (since 14 April 2010)
head of government:
Prime Minister Hubert A. INGRAHAM (since 4 May 2007)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the prime minister's recommendation; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
  • the monarchy is hereditary;
  • governor general appointed by the monarch;
  • following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general;
  • the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister

Legislative branch

  • bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (41 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms);
  • the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time
elections:
last held on 2 May 2007 (next to be held by May 2012)
election results:
percent of vote by party - FNM 49.86%, PLP 47.02%; seats by party - FNM 23, PLP 18

Judicial branch

  • Privy Council in London;
  • Courts of Appeal;
  • Supreme (lower) Court;
  • Magistrates' Courts

Political parties and leaders

Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert INGRAHAM]; Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Friends of the Environment; other: trade unions

International organization participation

ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PetroCaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission:
Ambassador Cornelius A. SMITH
chancery:
2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 319-2660
FAX:
[1] (202) 319-2668
consulate(s) general:
Miami, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission:
Ambassador Nicole A. AVANT
embassy:
42 Queen Street, Nassau, New Providence
mailing address:
local or express mail address:
P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau; US Department of State, 3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370
telephone:
[1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206 (after hours)
FAX:
[1] (242) 328-2206

Flag description

  • three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side;
  • the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea;
  • black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea

National anthem

name:
"March On, Bahamaland!"
lyrics/music:
Timothy GIBSON

note: adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)

Economy

The Bahamas is one of the wealthiest Caribbean countries with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking.

44 fields
GDP, purchasing power parity
$8.878billion
(2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 151$8.923 billion (2009 est.) · $9.285 billion (2008 est.)note: data are in 2010 US dollarsofficial exchange rate: $7.538 billion (2010 est.)
GDP per capita, PPP
$28,600
(2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 49$29,000 (2009 est.) · $30,500 (2008 est.)note: data are in 2010 US dollars
Real growth rate
-0.5%
(2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 193-3.9% (2009 est.) · -1.7% (2008 est.)industrial production growth: NA%
Inflation, consumer prices
2.4%
(2007 est.)country comparison to the world: 69

GDP - composition by sector(2001 est.)

agriculture 1.2%industry 14.7%services 84.1% (2001 est.)

Trading partnersexports left, imports right

35.99%
US
27.23%
South Korea
20.08%
18.64%
Singapore
5.89%
Japan
14.55%
12.1%
Poland
6.24%
Germany
China
4.75%
Venezuela
4.26%
Italy
4.12%
Exports $674 million (2006)Imports $2.401 billion (2006)(2009)

Electricity

Electricity production
2.045 billion (2007 est.)Electricity consumption
1.902 billion (2007 est.)

Economy - overview

The Bahamas is one of the wealthiest Caribbean countries with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism together with tourism-driven construction and manufacturing accounts for approximately 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force.

Prior to 2006, a steady growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction of new hotels, resorts, and residences led to solid GDP growth but since then tourism receipts have begun to drop off. The global recession in 2009 took a sizeable toll on the Bahamas, resulting in a contraction in GDP and a widening budget deficit.

The decline continued in 2010 as tourism from the US and sector investment lagged. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy and, when combined with business services, account for about 36% of GDP. However, the financial sector currently is smaller than it has been in the past because of the enactment of new and more strict financial regulations in 2000 that caused many international businesses to relocate elsewhere.

Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute approximately a tenth of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector.

Labor force

184,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 173

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture:
5%
industry:
5%
tourism:
50%
other services:
40% (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate

7.6% (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%:
27% (2000)

Central bank discount rate

5.25% (31 December 2009) · 5.25% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 82

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.5% (31 December 2009 est.) · 5.5% (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Stock of narrow money

$1.284 billion (31 December 2009) · $1.275 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 130

Stock of broad money

$5.991 billion (31 December 2009 est.) · $5.893 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Stock of domestic credit

$7.993 billion (31 December 2009) · $7.883 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 101

Agriculture - products

citrus, vegetables; poultry

Industries

tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 206

Oil - consumption

36,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Oil - exports

transshipments of 41,570 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Oil - imports

20,560 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 205

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Natural gas - proved reserves

NA cu m (1 January 2009 est.)

Current account balance

-$283.2 million (2009 est.) · -$1.442 billion (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Exports

$674 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 162

Exports - commodities

mineral products and salt, animal products, rum, chemicals, fruit and vegetables

Imports

$2.401 billion (2006) country comparison to the world: 148

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals

Debt - external

$342.6 million (2004 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Exchange rates

Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar - 1 (2009), 1 (2008), 1 (2007), 1 (2006)

Communications

7 fields
Mobile cellular
358,800
(2009)
Internet users
21,939
(2010)
Fixed lines
129,000
(2009) · country code .bs

Telephone system

general assessment:
modern facilities
domestic:
  • totally automatic system;
  • highly developed;
  • the Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network links 14 of the islands and is designed to satisfy increasing demand for voice and broadband internet services
international:
  • country code - 1-242;
  • landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US;
  • satellite earth stations - 2 (2007)

Broadcast media

  • 2 television stations operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB);
  • multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available;
  • about 15 radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio broadcasting network alongside privately-owned radio stations (2007)

Internet users

115,800 (2009) country comparison to the world: 156

Transportation

7 fields

Merchant marine, 1,170 ships by type

barge carrier 1bulk carrier 229cargo 191carrier 2chemical tanker 80combination ore/oil 8container 50liquefied gas 78passenger 100passenger/cargo 29petroleum tanker 222refrigerated cargo 106roll on/roll off 12specialized tanker 2vehicle carrier 60foreign-owned: 1,080 (Angola 5, Belgium 9, Bermuda 12, Brazil 1, Canada 102, China 4, Croatia 1, Cyprus 14, Denmark 59, Finland 8, France 19, Germany 39, Greece 209, Guernsey 6, Hong Kong 2, Indonesia 2, Ireland 3, Italy 5, Japan 93, Jordan 2, Kuwait 2, Malaysia 13, Monaco 14, Montenegro 2, Netherlands 22, Nigeria 2, Norway 198, Poland 32, Saudi Arabia 16, Singapore 7, Slovenia 1, Spain 9, Sweden 6, Switzerland 2, Thailand 4, Trinidad and Tobago 1, Turkey 3, UAE 27, UK 24, US 100) · registered in other countries: 10 (Bolivia 1, Malta 1, Panama 7, Peru 1) (2010)

Airports by runway lengthpaved only

over 3,047 m
2
5 (2010)

Airports by runway lengthunpaved only

under 914 m
22

Airports

62 (2010) country comparison to the world: 78

Heliports

1 (2010)

Roadways

total:
2,717 km

country comparison to the world: 168

paved:
1,560 km
unpaved:
1,157 km (2002)

Ports and terminals

Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point

Military

Royal Bahamian Defense Force: Land Force, Navy, Air Wing (2010)

6 fields
Military expenditures
0.7%of GDP
(2009)country comparison to the world: 152

Military branches

Royal Bahamian Defense Force: Land Force, Navy, Air Wing (2010)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age; no conscription (2010)

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 84,903 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49:
62,779
females age 16-49:
63,954 (2010 est.)

Transnational Issues

2 fields

Disputes - international

  • disagrees with the US on the alignment the northern axis of a potential maritime boundary;
  • continues to monitor and interdict drug dealers and Haitian and Cuban refugees in Bahamian waters

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center

Cite this entry

Central Intelligence Agency. “Bahamas, The.” The World Factbook 2010. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/bahamas/2010.