Belize

Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize (formerly British Honduras) until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. The country remains plagued by high unemployment, growing involvement in the South American drug trade, and increased urban crime.

exclusive economic zone:

200 NM

territorial sea:

• 12 NM in the north, 3 NM in the south;
• note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 NM;
• according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for the negotiation of a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala

• tropical;
• very hot and humid;
• rainy season (May to November);
• dry season (February to May)

• deforestation;
• water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff;
• solid and sewage waste disposal

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

0-14 years:

41.1% (male 55,880; female 53,706)

15-64 years:

55.3% (male 74,612; female 72,813)

65 years and over:

3.5% (male 4,571; female 4,858) (2003 est.)

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.94 male(s)/female

total population:

1.03 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

noun:

Belizean(s)

adjective:

Belizean

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Belize

former:

British Honduras

chief of state:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993)

head of government:

Prime Minister Said Wilbert MUSA (since 28 August 1998); Deputy Prime Minister John BRICENO (since 1 September 1998)

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

elections:

• none;
• the monarch is hereditary;
• governor general appointed by the monarch;
• following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general;
• prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister

chief of mission:

Ambassador Lisa M. SHOMAN

consulate(s) general:

Los Angeles

FAX:

[1] (202) 332-6888

telephone:

[1] (202) 332-9636

chancery:

2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

chief of mission:

Ambassador Russell F. FREEMAN

embassy:

29 Gabourel Lane and Hutson Street, Belize City

mailing address:

P. O. Box 286, Unit 7401, APO AA 34025

telephone:

[501] 227-7161 through 7163

FAX:

[501] 30802

• blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges;
• centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms;
• the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland

lowest 10%:

NA%

highest 10%:

NA%

• bananas, coca, citrus, sugar;
• fish, cultured shrimp;
• lumber;
• garments

• machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods;
• fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals;
• food, beverages, tobacco

general assessment:

above-average system

domestic:

trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay

international:

satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

total:

2,872 km

paved:

488 km

unpaved:

2,384 km (1999 est.)

• Guatemala has claimed half of southern Belize;
• Guatemalan squatters continue to settle along the border despite a 2000 agreement;
• OAS brokered a Differendum in 2002 that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a large Guatemalan maritime corridor in the Caribbean, a joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and a substantial US-UK financial package, but agreement was not brought to a popular referendum

• major transshipment point for cocaine;
• small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
• some money-laundering activity related to offshore sector