Bulgaria

• temperate;
• cold, damp winters;
• hot, dry summers

total:

6.92 cu km/yr (3%/78%/19%)

per capita:

895 cu m/yr (2003)

• air pollution from industrial emissions;
• rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents;
• deforestation;
• forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain;
• soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes

noun:

Bulgarian(s)

adjective:

Bulgarian

at birth:

1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.68 male(s)/female

total population:

0.92 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of Bulgaria

conventional short form:

Bulgaria

local long form:

Republika Balgariya

local short form:

Balgariya

name:

Sofia

geographic coordinates:

42 41 N, 23 19 E

time difference:

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

• 28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast);
• Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya (Sofia), Sofiya-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol

chief of state:

President Rosen PLEVNELIEV (since 22 January 2012); Vice President Margarita POPOVA (since 22 January 2012)

head of government:

Prime Minister Boyko BORISOV (since 27 July 2009); Deputy Prime Ministers Simeon DJANKOV and Tsvetan TSVETANOV (since 27 July 2009)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
• election last held on 23 and 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016);
• chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly;
• deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly

election results:

• Rosen PLEVNELIEV elected president in a runoff election;
• percent of vote - Rosen PLEVNELIEV 52.6%, Ivailo KALFIN 47.4%;
• Boyko BORISSOV elected prime minister;
• result of legislative vote - 162 to 77 with 1 abstention

• independent judiciary comprised of judges, prosecutors and investigating magistrates who are appointed, promoted, demoted, and dismissed by a 25-member Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 members, half of whom are elected by the National Assembly and the other half by the bodies of the judiciary for a 5-year term in office);
• three levels of case review;
• 182 courts of which two Supreme Courts act as the last instance on civil and criminal cases (the Supreme Court of Cassation) and appeals of government decisions (the Supreme Administrative Court)

• Agrarian National Union or ANU [Stefan LICHEV];
• National Union Attack (Ataka) [Volen SIDEROV];
• Blue Coalition [Ivan KOSTOV and Emil KABAIVANOV] (a coalition of center-right parties dominated by UDF and DSB);
• Bulgarian New Democracy [Borislav RALCHEV];
• Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV];
• Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV];
• Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB [Sergei STANISHEV] (coalition of parties dominated by BSP);
• Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV];
• Gergyovden [Petar STOYANOVICH];
• Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV];
• Liberal Initiative for Democratic European Development or LIDER [Khristo KOVACHKI];
• Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN];
• National Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2);
• New Time [Emil KOSHLUKOV];
• Order, Law, Justice or RZS [Yane YANEV];
• Union of Democratic Forces or UDF [Emil KABAIVANOV];
• Union of Free Democrats or UFD [Stefan SOFIYANSKI];
• United Agrarians [Anastasia MOZER]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Elena POPTODOROVA

chancery:

1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 387-0174

FAX:

[1] (202) 234-7973

consulate(s) general:

Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Marcie B. RIES

embassy:

16 Kozyak Street, Sofia 1407

mailing address:

American Embassy Sofia, US Department of State, 5740 Sofia Place, Washington, DC 20521-5740

telephone:

[359] (2) 937-5100

FAX:

[359] (2) 937-5320

• three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red;
• the pan-Slavic white-blue-red colors were modified by substituting a green band (representing freedom) for the blue

note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

name:

"Mila Rodino" (Dear Homeland)

lyrics/music:

Tsvetan Tsvetkov RADOSLAVOV

note: adopted 1964; the anthem was composed in 1885 by a student en route to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War

agriculture:

7.1%

industry:

35.2%

services:

57.7% (2009)

lowest 10%:

2%

highest 10%:

35.2% (2007)

• machinery and equipment;
• metals and ores;
• chemicals and plastics;
• fuels, minerals, and raw materials

general assessment:

• inherited an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network from the Soviet era;
• quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line now connecting switching centers in most of the regions;
• remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay

domestic:

• the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 in an effort to upgrade fixed-line services;
• mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, has reached 150 telephones per 100 persons

international:

• country code - 359;
• submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia;
• a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia;
• satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2011)

• 4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately-owned;
• a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers;
• state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks;
• large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2010)

total:

4,152 km

country comparison to the world: 40

standard gauge:

4,072 km 1.435-m gauge (2,863 km electrified)

narrow gauge:

80 km 0.760-m gauge (2011)

total:

19,512 km

country comparison to the world: 109

paved:

19,235 km (includes 458 km of expressways)

unpaved:

277 km

note: does not include Category IV local roads (2011)

• 18-27 years of age for voluntary military service;
• conscription ended in January 2008;
• service obligation 6-9 months (2010)

males age 16-49:

1,637,470

females age 16-49:

1,621,352 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

1,320,955

females age 16-49:

1,337,616 (2010 est.)

male:

33,444

female:

32,075 (2010 est.)

• major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market;
• limited producer of precursor chemicals;
• vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime;
• some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions (2008)