The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 North America
Executive branch Canada, in 35 editions.
The entry for Canada published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 26 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 26
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
- British monarch,
- governor general,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Cabinet
British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet
Published as “Executive branch”
- British monarch,
- governor general,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984); Deputy Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since June 1986)
Published as “Elections”
- House of Commons:
- last held 21 November 1988 (next to be held by November 1993);
- results - Progressive Conservative Party 43.0%, Liberal Party 32%, New Democratic Party 20%, other 5%;
- seats - (295 total) Progressive Conservative Party 159, Liberal Party 80, New Democratic Party 44, independents 12
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister,
Cabinet
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General
Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984); Deputy
Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since June 1986)
House of Commons:
last held 21 November 1988 (next to be held by November 1993); results -
Progressive Conservative Party 43.0%, Liberal Party 32%, New Democratic
Party 20%, other 5%; seats - (295 total) Progressive Conservative Party 159,
Liberal Party 80, New Democratic Party 44, independents 12
Published as “Elections”
- House of Commons:
- last held 21 November 1988 (next to be held by November 1993);
- results - Progressive Conservative Party 43%, Liberal Party 32%, New Democratic Party 20%, other 5%;
- seats - (295 total) Progressive Conservative Party 159, Liberal Party 80, New Democratic Party 44, Bloc Quebecois 9, independents 3
Published as “Executive branch”
- British monarch,
- governor general,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Raymond John HNATYSHYN (since 29 January 1990)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Kim CAMBELL was chosen to replace Brian MULRONEY on 13 June 1993
British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister,House of Commons:
Cabinet
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General
Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984); Deputy
Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since June 1986)
last held 21 November 1988 (next to be held by November 1993); results -
Progressive Conservative Party 43.0%, 43%, Liberal Party 32%, New Democratic
20%, other 5%; seats - (295 total) Progressive Conservative Party 159,
Liberal Party 80, New Democratic Party 44, Bloc Quebecois 9, independents 12 3
British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister,
Cabinet
Chief of State:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General
Raymond John HNATYSHYN (since 29 January 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Kim CAMBELL was chosen to replace Brian MULRONEY on 13 June
1993
The entry for Canada did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) was elected on 25 October 1993, replacing Kim CAMBELL; Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry; chosen by the prime minister from members of his own party sitting in Parliament
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November
1993) was elected on 25 October 1993, replacing Kim CAMBELL; Deputy
Prime Minister Sheila COPPS
cabinet: Federal Ministry; chosen by the prime minister from members
of his own party sitting in Parliament
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
- a hereditary monarch,
- is represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995),
- who was appointed by the queen
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) was appointed by the governor general;
- on 25 October 1993;
- Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS (since NA);
- note - the prime minister is the leader of the political party commanding a majority in the House of Commons
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry was chosen by the prime minister from members of his own party sitting in Parliament
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), a
hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC
(since 8 February 1995) 1995), who was appointed by the queen
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November
1993) was elected appointed by the governor general; on 25 October 1993, replacing Kim CAMBELL; Deputy 1993;
Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS (since NA); note - the prime
minister is the leader of the political party commanding a majority
in the House of Commons
cabinet: Federal Ministry; Ministry was chosen by the prime minister from members
members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993)
- cabinet :
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the queen is a hereditary monarch;
- governor general appointed by the queen on the advice of the prime minister;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated by the governor general to become prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952), ahereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC1995), who was appointed by the queen 1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November
1993) was appointed
cabinet : Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the
members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the queen is a hereditary monarch; governor general; on 25 October 1993; generalDeputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS (since NA); note - appointed by the queen on the advice of the prime minister; followingminister is legislative elections, the leader of the political party commanding a majority
of Commons
cabinet: Federal Ministry was chosen
become prime minister from
members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the queen is a hereditary monarch;
- governor general appointed by the queen on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated by the governor general to become prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November
1993)cabinet : cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the
members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the queen is a hereditary monarch; governor general
appointed by the queen on the advice of the prime minister; following minister for a
five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the
majority party in the House
the governor general to
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Romeo Le BLANC (since 8 February 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the monarch is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated by the governor general to become prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC Le BLANC (since 8 February
1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November
1993)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the
the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the queen monarch is a hereditary monarch; hereditary; governor general
appointed by the queen monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a
five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the
majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated by
by the governor general to become prime minister
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the monarch is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated by the governor general to become prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),Romeo Le BLANC Adrienne CLARKSON (since 8 February 7 October 1999)
1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament elections: none;
- the monarch is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is automatically designated by the governor general to become prime minister
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993); Deputy Prime Minister John MANLEY (since NA January 2002)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the monarch monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general to become
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993); Deputy Prime Minister John MANLEY (since NA January 2002)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
head of government: Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN Paul MARTIN (since 4 November 1993); 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister John MANLEY Anne MCLELLAN (since NA January 2002) 12 December 2003)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
head of government: Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Michaelle Jean (since 27 October 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Adrienne CLARKSON Michaelle Jean (since 7 27 October 1999) 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN (since 12 December 2003)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Michaelle Jean JEAN (since 27 October September 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Paul MARTIN (since 12 December 2003); Deputy Prime Minister Anne MCLELLAN Stephen HARPER (since 12 December 2003) 6 February 2006)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
- head of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
chief head of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005)
head of government:
Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
cabinet:
Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general
The same text in 5 editions, 2010 to 2014.
- head of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
- cabinet:
Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
head of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN David JOHNSTON (since 27 September 2005) 1 October 2010)
head of government:
Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
cabinet:
Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically generally designated prime minister by the governor general
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
head of state: government:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010)
head of
cabinet:the members of his own party sitting in Parliament(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a
elections:five-year 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
- head of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his own party sitting in Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
head of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010)
head of government: Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 6 February 2006) 4 November 2015)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his own party sitting in Parliament
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
- head of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Julie PAYETTE (since 2 October 2017)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: Julie PAYETTE, a former space shuttle astronaut, is Canada's fourth female governor general but the first to have flown in space
head of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON Julie PAYETTE (since 1 2 October 2010) 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his his/her own party sitting in Parliament
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: Julie PAYETTE, a former space shuttle astronaut, is Canada's fourth female governor general but the first to have flown in space
The same text in 3 editions, 2018 to 2020.
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Julie PAYETTE (since 2 October 2017)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial; Julie PAYETTE, a former space shuttle astronaut, is Canada's fourth female governor general but the first to have flown in space
head chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Julie PAYETTE (since 2 October 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial; Julie PAYETTE, a former space shuttle astronaut, is Canada's fourth female governor general but the first to have flown in space
- chief of state:
- Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 July 2021)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Julie PAYETTE Mary SIMON (since 2 October 2017) 6 July 2021)
head of government: Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial; Julie PAYETTE, a former space shuttle astronaut, is Canada's fourth female governor general but the first to have flown in space ceremonial
The same text in 2022 and 2023.
- chief of state:
- King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 July 2021)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II King CHARLES III (since 6 February 1952); 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 July 2021)
head of government: Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial
- chief of state:
- King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 July 2021)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (since 4 November 2015)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial
chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 July 2021)
head of government: Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU (Liberal Party) (since 4 November 2015)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial
- chief of state:
- King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 26 July 2021)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark CARNEY (since 14 March 2025)
- cabinet:
- Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliament
- election/appointment process:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term;
- after legislative elections, the governor general usually designates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons as prime minister
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial
chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 6 26 July 2021)
head of government: Prime Minister Justin Pierre James TRUDEAU Mark CARNEY (since 4 November 2015) 14 March 2025)
cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among members of his/her own party sitting in Parliamentelections/appointments: election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a 5-year term; following after legislative elections, the governor general usually designates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated as prime minister by the governor general
note: the governor general position is largely ceremonial
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Canada: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/canada/executive-branch.