The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 North America
Judicial branch Canada, in 36 editions.
The entry for Canada published Judicial branch in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 15 editions. Each is shown as published. Judicial branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 15
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Judicial branch” (1990 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024- Supreme Court Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990);
- Head of Government--Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984);
- Deputy Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since NA June 1986)
Supreme Court Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990); Head of Government--Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984); Deputy Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since NA June 1986)
- Supreme Court Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990);
- Head of Government--Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984);
- Deputy Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since NA June 1986) Progressive Conservative, Brian MULRONEY;
- Liberal, Jean CHRETIEN;
- New Democratic, Audrey McLAUGHLIN
Supreme Court Chief of State--Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990); Head of Government--Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984); Deputy Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since NA June 1986) Progressive Conservative, Brian MULRONEY; Liberal, Jean CHRETIEN; New Democratic, Audrey McLAUGHLIN
The same text in 5 editions, 1992 to 1996.
Supreme Court
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court
The same text in 3 editions, 1997 to 1999.
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general
Supreme Court Court, judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the prime
The same text in 9 editions, 2001 to 2009.
- Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general);
- Federal Court of Canada;
- Federal Court of Appeal;
- Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Rewritten: too little of the 2000 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
- Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general);
- Federal Court of Canada;
- Federal Court of Appeal;
- Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queen's Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Queen's Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
The same text in 2011 and 2012.
- Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister);
- Federal Court of Canada;
- Federal Court of Appeal;
- Tax Court of Canada;
- Provincial/Territorial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queen's Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); general on the recommendation of the prime minister); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Tax Court of Canada; Provincial/Territorial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queen's Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- highest court(s):
Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges)
note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- federal level:
- Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- courts martial;
- provincial/territorial: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts;
- in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a superior court and the territorial courts - was established to serve isolated settlements
Rewritten: too little of the 2012 text remains to mark the changes.
highest court(s):
Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges)
note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office:
chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts:
federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; courts martial; provincial/territorial: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a superior court and the territorial courts - was established to serve isolated settlements
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges);
- note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- federal level: Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- courts martial;
- provincial/territorial: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts;
- in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a superior court and the territorial courts - was established to serve isolated settlements
highest court(s):judges)judges); note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office:
subordinate courts:
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges);
- note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- courts martial;
- provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts;
- in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; courts martial; provincial/territorial: provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court and the as well as a territorial courts court - was established to serve isolated settlements
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges);
- note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- federal level: Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- Courts Martial;
- provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts;
- in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; courts martial; Courts Martial; provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges);
- note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- federal level: Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- Courts Martial;
- provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts;
- in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
highest court(s): courts: Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; Courts Martial; provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
The same text in 3 editions, 2019 to 2021.
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges);
- note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- federal level: Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- Courts Martial;
- provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts;
- note - in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
highest courts: Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; Courts Martial; provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; note - in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
The same text in 3 editions, 2022 to 2024.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges);
- note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- federal level: Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- Courts Martial;
- provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts;
- note - in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
highest courts: court(s): Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; Courts Martial; provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; note - in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - was established to serve isolated settlements
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
- subordinate courts:
- federal level: Federal Court of Appeal;
- Federal Court;
- Tax Court;
- federal administrative tribunals;
- Courts Martial;
- provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts
note: in 1999, the Nunavut Court -- a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court -- was established to serve isolated settlements
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court, which prior to that time, were heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) judges)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; Courts Martial; provincial/territorial level: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; note - courts
note: in 1999, the Nunavut Court - -- a circuit court with the power of a provincial superior court, as well as a territorial court - -- was established to serve isolated settlements
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Canada: Judicial branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/canada/judicial-branch.