The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2024 Asia
Telecommunication systems China, in 35 editions.
The entry for China published Telecommunication systems in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2024. The text changed in 25 editions. Each is shown as published. Telecommunication systems in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 25
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2024
Published as “Telecommunications” (1990 to 1994), “Telephone system” (1995 to 2019) and “Telecommunication systems” (2020 to 2024).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2024 edition
Same as 2023Published as “Telecommunications”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships;
- 11,000,000 telephones (December 1989);
- stations--274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 relays) TV;
- more than 215 million radio receivers;
- 75 million TVs;
- satellite earth stations--4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, and 55 domestic
domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships; 11,000,000 telephones (December 1989); stations--274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 relays) TV; more than 215 million radio receivers; 75 million TVs; satellite earth stations--4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, and 55 domestic
Published as “Telecommunications”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships;
- 11,000,000 telephones (December 1989);
- stations--274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 relays) TV;
- more than 215 million radio receivers;
- 75 million TVs;
- satellite earth stations--4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT, and 55 domestic
domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships; 11,000,000 telephones (December 1989); stations--274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 relays) TV; more than 215 million radio receivers; 75 million TVs; satellite earth stations--4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT, and 55 domestic
The same text in 1992 and 1993.
Published as “Telecommunications”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships;
- 11,000,000 telephones (December 1989);
- broadcast stations - 274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 repeaters) TV;
- more than 215 million radio receivers;
- 75 million TVs;
- satellite earth stations - 4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT, and 55 domestic
domestic and international services are increasingly available for private
use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities,
industrial centers, and most townships; 11,000,000 telephones (December
1989); stations--274 broadcast stations - 274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 relays) repeaters) TV;
more than 215 million radio receivers; 75 million TVs; satellite earth stations--4
stations - 4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT,
and 55 domestic
Published as “Telecommunications”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships;
- 11,000,000 telephones (December 1989);
- broadcast stations - 274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 repeaters) TV;
- more than 215 million radio receivers;
- 75 million TVs;
- satellite earth stations - 4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT, and 55 domestic
domestic and international services are increasingly available for private
private use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities,
cities, industrial centers, and most townships; 11,000,000 telephones (December
(December 1989); broadcast stations - 274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050
repeaters) TV;
satellite earth
INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT,
Published as “Telephone system”
- 20,000,000 telephones (summer 1994);
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships;
- expanding phone lines, interprovincial fiber optic links, satellite communications, cellullar/mobile communications, etc.
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- fiber optic trunk lines, 55 earth stations for domestic satellites
- international:
- 5 INTELSAT earth stations (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 INMARSAT earth station; several international fiber optic links to Japan and Hong Kong
20,000,000 telephones (summer 1994); domestic and
international services are increasingly available for
unevenly distributed internal system serves principal
industrial centers, and most townships; 11,000,000 telephones expanding phone lines,(December 1989); broadcast interprovincial fiber optic links, satellite communications,
cellullar/mobile communications, etc.
local: NA
intercity: fiber optic trunk lines, 55 earth stations - 274 AM, unknown FM, 202 (2,050 for domesticrepeaters) TV; more than 215 million radio receivers; 75 million TVs; satellitessatellite international: 5 INTELSAT earth stations - 4 (4 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT, and 1 Indian OceanINTELSAT, Ocean) and 1 INMARSAT, INMARSAT earth station; several international fiber optic
links to Japan and 55 domestic Hong Kong
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships
- domestic:
- telephone lines are being expanded;
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong
20,000,000 telephones (summer 1994); domestic and
increasingly available for private use;internal
domestic system serves principal cities,
most townships; expanding phone lines, townships
domestic: telephone lines are being expanded; interprovincial fiber optic links, satellite communications,cellullar/mobile communications, etc. fiber-optic trunk
local: NA
intercity: fiber opticlines, lines and cellular telephone systems have been
installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations for domestic is insatellites place
international: 5 INTELSAT satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific
Ocean and 1 Indian
Ocean)
1 INMARSAT earth station; Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions); several international fiber optic
fiber-optic links to Japan Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships
- domestic:
- telephone lines are being expanded to 100 million by 1996;
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong
domestic and international services are
available for private use; unevenly distributed
principal cities, industrial centers, and
domestic: telephone lines are being expanded; interprovincial expanded to 100 million by 1996;
interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems
have been
stations is in
international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific
and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) and
Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions); several international
fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- satellite earth stations-5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong
domestic and international services are increasingly
available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves
principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships
domestic: telephone lines are being expanded to 100 million by 1996;interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular
telephone systems
with 55 earth
international: satellite earth stations - 5 stations-5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean
and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) and 1
Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions); several international
fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and all townships
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- satellite earth stations--5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany
domestic and international services are increasingly
increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed
domestic system servesmost all
townships
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular
telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system
with 55 earth stations is in place
international: satellite earth stations-5 stations--5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean
and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) and 1
Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions); several international
fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong Kong, Russia, and
Germany
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany
domestic and international services areall many towns
townships
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular
international: satellite earth stations--5 stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific OceanRegion) region) and 1Regions); regions); several international
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000)
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000)
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000)
The same text in 3 editions, 2004 to 2006.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- country code - 86;
- satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions);
- several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000)
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
international: country code - 86; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns;
- China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach;
- 3 of China's 6 major telecommunications operators are part of an international consortium which, in December 2006, signed an agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation optical cable system directly linking the US mainland and China
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly;
- broadband Internet subscribership reached 50 million in 2006;
- a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2007)
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach; 3 of China's 6 major telecommunications operators are part of an international consortium which, in December 2006, signed an agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation optical cable system directly linking the US mainland and China
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband Internet subscribership reached 50 million in 2006; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
international: country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000) regions) (2007)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns;
- nonetheless, by the end of 2006, more than 95% of China's villages had been connected to the telephone network;
- China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach;
- 3 of China's 6 major telecommunications operators are part of an international consortium which, in December 2006, signed an agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation fiber optic submarine cable system directly linking the US mainland and China
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly;
- the number of Internet users reached 253 million in 2008;
- a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2007)
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; nonetheless, by the end of 2006, more than 95% of China's villages had been connected to the telephone network; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach; 3 of China's 6 major telecommunications operators are part of an international consortium which, in December 2006, signed an agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation optical fiber optic submarine cable system directly linking the US mainland and China
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband the number of Internet subscribership users reached 50 253 million in 2006; 2008; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
international: country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 5 7 (5 Intelsat (4 - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), Ocean; 1 Intersputnik (Indian - Indian Ocean region) region; and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2007)
The same text in 4 editions, 2009 to 2012.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns;
- China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach;
- China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly;
- the number of Internet users exceeded 250 million by summer 2008;
- a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2008)
general assessment:
domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; nonetheless, by the end of 2006, more than 95% of China's villages had been connected to the telephone network; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach; 3 China in the summer of China's 6 2008 began a major telecommunications operators are part restructuring of an international consortium which, its telecommunications industry, resulting in December 2006, signed an agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation fiber optic submarine cable system directly linking the US mainland consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
domestic:
interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users reached 253 exceeded 250 million in by summer 2008; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
international:
country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2007) (2008)
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns;
- China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure;
- China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly;
- the number of Internet users exceeded 564 million by the end of 2012;
- a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)
general assessment:
domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure, and is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach; infrastructure; China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
domestic:
interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users exceeded 250 564 million by summer 2008; the end of 2012; a domestic satellite system with 55 several earth stations is in place
international:
country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2008) (2012)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns;
- China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure;
- China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly;
- the number of Internet users exceeded 564 million by the end of 2012;
- a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)
general assessment:Mobile Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
domestic:
international:
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns;
- China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure;
- China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly;
- the number of Internet users now over 50% of the population;
- a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure; China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users exceeded 564 million by the end now over 50% of 2012; the population; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place
international: country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international services are available for private use;
- unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns;
- China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure;
- China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services (2016)
- domestic:
- interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed;
- mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly;
- the number of Internet users now over 50% of the population;
- a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place (2016)
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure; China in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring of its telecommunications industry, resulting in the consolidation of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services (2016)
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of Internet users now over 50% of the population; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place (2016)
international: country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- China has become the largest Internet market in the world, with the majority of users accessing the Internet through mobile devices;
- moderate growth is predicted over the next five years in the fixed broadband segment;
- one of the biggest drivers of commercial growth is its increasing urbanisation rate as rural residents move to cities;
- 80% of China's Internet users access the Internet through mobile devices;
- by 2015 China will be the world's largest 5G market (2017)
- domestic:
- 14 per 100 fixed line and 107 per 100 moblie-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place in 2018 (2017)
- international:
- country code - 86;
- a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2017)
general assessment: domestic and international services are available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns; China continues to develop its telecommunications infrastructure; China has become the largest Internet market in the summer of 2008 began a major restructuring world, with the majority of its telecommunications industry, resulting users accessing the Internet through mobile devices; moderate growth is predicted over the next five years in the consolidation fixed broadband segment; one of its six telecom service operators to three, China Telecom, China Mobile, and China Unicom, each providing both fixed-line and mobile services (2016) the biggest drivers of commercial growth is its increasing
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribershiprapidly; the number urbanisation rate as rural residents move to cities; 80% of China's Internet users now over 50% of access the population; Internet through mobile devices; by 2015 China will be the world's largest 5G market (2017)
domestic: 14 per 100 fixed line and 107 per 100 moblie-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place (2016) in 2018 (2017)
international: country code - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2012) (2017)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- China has become the largest Internet market in the world, with the majority of users accessing the Internet through mobile devices;
- moderate growth is predicted over the next five years in the fixed broadband segment;
- one of the biggest drivers of commercial growth is its increasing urbanisation rate as rural residents move to cities;
- 98.6% of China's Internet users access the Internet through mobile devices;
- China will be the world's largest 5G market (2018)
- domestic:
- 14 per 100 fixed line and 107 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place in 2018 (2018)
- international:
- country code - 86;
- RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
general assessment: China has become the largest Internet market in the world, with the majority of users accessing the Internet through mobile devices; moderate growth is predicted over the next five years in the fixed broadband segment; one of the biggest drivers of commercial growth is its increasing urbanisation rate as rural residents move to cities; 80% 98.6% of China's Internet users access the Internet through mobile devices; by 2015 China will be the world's largest 5G market (2017) (2018)
domestic: 14 per 100 fixed line and 107 per 100 moblie-cellular; mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is in place in 2018 (2017) (2018)
international: country code - 86; a number of RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2017) (2019)
- general assessment:
- the largest Internet market in the world, with the majority, 98.6% of users accessing the Internet through mobile devices;
- moderate growth is predicted over the next five years in the fixed broadband segment;
- one of the biggest drivers of commercial growth is its increasing urbanization rate as rural residents move to cities;
- China will be the world's largest 5G market;
- the Chinese mobile market to reach penetration of 134% by 2024;
- maintains the largest M2M market in the world (2020)
- domestic:
- 13 per 100 fixed line and 120 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations has been in place since 2018 (2019)
- international:
- country code - 86;
- landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
general assessment: China has become the largest Internet market in the world, with the majority majority, 98.6% of users accessing the Internet through mobile devices; moderate growth is predicted over the next five years in the fixed broadband segment; one of the biggest drivers of commercial growth is its increasing urbanisation urbanization rate as rural residents move to cities; 98.6% of China's Internet users access the Internet through mobile devices; China will be the world's largest 5G market; the Chinese mobile market (2018) to reach penetration of 134% by 2024; maintains the largest M2M market in the world (2020)
domestic: 14 13 per 100 fixed line and 107 120 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations is has been in place in since 2018 (2018) (2019)
international: country code - 86; landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables provide providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
- general assessment:
- China has the largest Internet market in the world with almost all subscribers accessing Internet through mobile devices;
- market is driven through government-allied investment;
- fast-developing data center market;
- government aims to provide universal and affordable broadband coverage through market competition and private investment in state-controlled enterprises;
- 3G and LTE subscribers will migrate to 5G aiming for 1M 5G base stations;
- government strengthens IoT policies to boost economic growth;
- China is pushing development of smart cities beyond Beijing;
- Beijing residents carry virtual card integrating identity, social security, health, and education documents;
- government controls gateways to global Internet through censorship, surveillance, and shut-downs;
- major exporter of broadcasting equipment world-wide (2020)
- domestic:
- 13 per 100 fixed line and 120 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations has been in place since 2018 (2019)
- international:
- country code - 86;
- landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
general assessment: China has the largest Internet market in the world, world with the majority, 98.6% of users almost all subscribers accessing the Internet through mobile devices; moderate growth is predicted over the next five years in the fixed broadband segment; one of the biggest drivers of commercial growth market is its increasing urbanization rate as rural residents move driven through government-allied investment; fast-developing data center market; government aims to cities; China provide universal and affordable broadband coverage through market competition and private investment in state-controlled enterprises; 3G and LTE subscribers will be the world's largest migrate to 5G market; the Chinese mobile market aiming for 1M 5G base stations; government strengthens IoT policies to reach penetration boost economic growth; China is pushing development of 134% by 2024; maintains the largest M2M market in the world smart cities beyond Beijing; Beijing residents carry virtual card integrating identity, social security, health, and education documents; government controls gateways to global Internet through censorship, surveillance, and shut-downs; major exporter of broadcasting equipment world-wide (2020)
domestic: 13 per 100 fixed line and 120 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations has been in place since 2018 (2019)
international: country code - 86; landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect consequent restriction on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable services as a tool for work and satellite - has moderated school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
- general assessment:
- China has the largest Internet market in the world with almost all subscribers accessing Internet through mobile devices;
- market is driven through government-allied investment;
- fast-developing data center market;
- government aims to provide universal and affordable broadband coverage through market competition and private investment in state-controlled enterprises;
- 3G and LTE subscribers will migrate to 5G aiming for 2 million 5G base stations by the end of 2022;
- government strengthens IoT policies to boost economic growth;
- China is pushing development of smart cities beyond Beijing;
- Beijing residents carry virtual card integrating identity, social security, health, and education documents;
- government controls gateways to global Internet through censorship, surveillance, and shut-downs;
- major exporter of broadcasting equipment world-wide (2022)
- domestic:
- nearly 13 per 100 fixed line and 118 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations has been in place since 2018 (2020)
- international:
- country code - 86;
- landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
general assessment: China has the largest Internet market in the world with almost all subscribers accessing Internet through mobile devices; market is driven through government-allied investment; fast-developing data center market; government aims to provide universal and affordable broadband coverage through market competition and private investment in state-controlled enterprises; 3G and LTE subscribers will migrate to 5G aiming for 1M 2 million 5G base stations; stations by the end of 2022; government strengthens IoT policies to boost economic growth; China is pushing development of smart cities beyond Beijing; Beijing residents carry virtual card integrating identity, social security, health, and education documents; government controls gateways to global Internet through censorship, surveillance, and shut-downs; major exporter of broadcasting equipment world-wide (2020) (2022)
domestic: nearly 13 per 100 fixed line and 120 118 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations has been in place since 2018 (2019) (2020)
international: country code - 86; landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards toward 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and has increased due to the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became is still evident, and received some support from governments the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
The same text in 2023 and 2024.
- general assessment:
- China has the largest Internet market in the world with almost all subscribers accessing Internet through mobile devices;
- market is driven through government-allied investment;
- fast-developing data center market;
- government aims to provide universal and affordable broadband coverage through market competition and private investment in state-controlled enterprises;
- 3G and LTE subscribers will migrate to 5G aiming for 2 million 5G base stations by the end of 2022;
- government strengthens IoT policies to boost economic growth;
- China is pushing development of smart cities beyond Beijing;
- Beijing residents carry virtual card integrating identity, social security, health, and education documents;
- government controls gateways to global Internet through censorship, surveillance, and shut-downs;
- major exporter of broadcasting equipment world-wide (2022)
- domestic:
- nearly 13 per 100 fixed line and 122 per 100 mobile-cellular (2021)
- international:
- country code - 86;
- landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US;
- satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
general assessment: China has the largest Internet market in the world with almost all subscribers accessing Internet through mobile devices; market is driven through government-allied investment; fast-developing data center market; government aims to provide universal and affordable broadband coverage through market competition and private investment in state-controlled enterprises; 3G and LTE subscribers will migrate to 5G aiming for 2 million 5G base stations by the end of 2022; government strengthens IoT policies to boost economic growth; China is pushing development of smart cities beyond Beijing; Beijing residents carry virtual card integrating identity, social security, health, and education documents; government controls gateways to global Internet through censorship, surveillance, and shut-downs; major exporter of broadcasting equipment world-wide (2022)
domestic: nearly 13 per 100 fixed line and 118 122 per 100 mobile-cellular; a domestic satellite system with several earth stations has been in place since 2018 (2020) mobile-cellular (2021)
international: country code - 86; landing points for the RJCN, EAC-C2C, TPE, APCN-2, APG, NCP, TEA, SeaMeWe-3, SJC2, Taiwan Strait Express-1, AAE-1, APCN-2, AAG, FEA, FLAG and TSE submarine cables providing connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean; 1 Intersputnik - Indian Ocean region; and 1 Inmarsat - Pacific and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “China: Telecommunication systems.” The World Factbook, 1990–2024 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/china/telecommunication-systems.