Cote d'Ivoire
Republic of Côte d'IvoireRépublique de Côte d'Ivoire
presidential republicIndependence 7 August 1960 (from France)
Cote d'Ivoire as the 2025 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 152 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
Published as “Ivory Coast” (1990–1992), “Cote d'Ivoire” (1993–1994), “Cote D'ivoire” (1995), “Cote d'Ivoire” (1996–2014), “Cote D'Ivoire” (2015–2017), “Cote d'Ivoire” (2018–2020) and “Cote d'Ivoire” (2021–2025).
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Introduction
1 fieldBackground
Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and then began to expand their presence. In 1844, France established a protectorate. During this period, many of these kingdoms and tribes fought to maintain their cultural identities -- some well into the 20th century. For example, the Sanwi kingdom -- originally founded in the 17th century -- tried to break away from Cote d’Ivoire and establish an independent state in 1969.
Cote d’Ivoire achieved independence from France in 1960 but has maintained close ties. Foreign investment and the export and production of cocoa drove economic growth that led Cote d’Ivoire to become one of the most prosperous states in West Africa. Then in 1999, a military coup overthrew the government, and a year later, junta leader Robert GUEI held rigged elections and declared himself the winner. Popular protests forced him to step aside, and Laurent GBAGBO was elected.
Ivoirian dissidents and members of the military launched a failed coup in 2002 that developed into a civil war. In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in rebels holding the north, the government holding the south, and peacekeeping forces occupying a buffer zone in the middle. In 2007, President GBAGBO and former rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister. The two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections.
In 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in five months of violent conflict. Armed OUATTARA supporters and UN and French troops eventually forced GBAGBO to step down in 2011. OUATTARA won a second term in 2015 and a controversial third term in 2020 -- despite the two-term limit in the Ivoirian constitution -- in an election boycotted by the opposition.
Through political compromise with OUATTARA, the opposition participated peacefully in 2021 legislative elections and won a substantial minority of seats. Also in 2021, the International Criminal Court in The Hague ruled on a final acquittal for GBAGBO, who was on trial for crimes against humanity, paving the way for GBAGBO’s return to Abidjan the same year. GBAGBO has publicly met with OUATTARA since his return as a demonstration of political reconciliation.
Geography
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
19 fieldsLand useshare of 322,463 sq km
Climate
tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km), Volta (410,991 sq km)
Population distribution
- the population is primarily located in the forested south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast;
- most of the northern savanna remains sparsely populated, with higher concentrations located along transportation corridors, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Geography - note
most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated
People and Society
35 fieldsAge structuremale left, female right · (2024 est.)
Per 1,000 population(2025 est.)
Male · female
Ethnic groups(2021 est.)
Religions(2014 est.)
Languages
French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken; major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French); The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Population distribution
- the population is primarily located in the forested south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast;
- most of the northern savanna remains sparsely populated, with higher concentrations located along transportation corridors, as shown in this population distribution map
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.03 male(s)/female
- 0-14 years:
- 1.01 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 1.02 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.82 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Infant mortality rate
- total:
- 52.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)
- male:
- 59.5 deaths/1,000 live births
- female:
- 45.2 deaths/1,000 live births
Alcohol consumption per capita
- total:
- 1.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- beer:
- 1.13 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- wine:
- 0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- spirits:
- 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- other alcohols:
- 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Child marriage
- women married by age 15:
- 7.4% (2021)
- women married by age 18:
- 25.8% (2021)
- men married by age 18:
- 1.9% (2021)
Environment
11 fieldsLand use(2023 est.)
Environmental issues
deforestation; water pollution from sewage and from industrial, mining, and agricultural effluents
International environmental agreements
- party to:
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
- signed, but not ratified:
- none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Urbanization
- urban population:
- 53.1% of total population (2023)
- rate of urbanization:
- 3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
16.28 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- from petroleum and other liquids:
- 11.641 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- from consumed natural gas:
- 4.639 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Methane emissions
- energy:
- 187.7 kt (2022-2024 est.)
- agriculture:
- 192 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- waste:
- 199.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- other:
- 28.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually:
- 4.441 million tons (2024 est.)
- percent of municipal solid waste recycled:
- 13.3% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
- municipal:
- 320 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
- industrial:
- 242 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
- agricultural:
- 600 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Government
Presidential republic; President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 25 October 2025); Prime Minister Robert BREUGRE MAMBE (since 17 October 2023)
25 fieldsPresidential electionpercent of vote
Country name
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
- conventional short form:
- Côte d'Ivoire
- local long form:
- République de Côte d'Ivoire
- local short form:
- Cote d'Ivoire
- former:
- Ivory Coast
- etymology:
- name, which means "Ivory Coast" in French, reflects the ivory trade in the region from the 15th to 17th centuries;
- the French version of the name has been used internationally since 1986, at the country's request
note: pronounced coat-div-whar
Capital
- name:
- Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in Abidjan
- geographic coordinates:
- 6 49 N, 5 16 W
- time difference:
- UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- etymology:
- formerly a village named N'Gokro, Yamoussoukro is named after Queen YAMOUSSOU, who ruled during the early 20th century;
- Abidjan's name may have come from a misunderstanding when a French explorer asked a group of women the name of the village -- thinking it was a question about what they were doing, they replied "t'chan m’bi djan," which in the Ebrie language means "I return from cutting leaves," so the explorer recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan
Administrative divisions
- 12 districts and 2 autonomous districts*;
- Abidjan*, Bas-Sassandra, Comoe, Denguele, Goh-Djiboua, Lacs, Lagunes, Montagnes, Sassandra-Marahoue, Savanes, Vallée du Bandama, Woroba, Yamoussoukro*, Zanzan
Legal system
civil law system based on the French civil code; Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court reviews legislation
Constitution
- history:
- previous 1960, 2000; latest draft completed 24 September 2016, approved by the National Assembly 11 October 2016, approved by referendum 30 October 2016, promulgated 8 November 2016
- amendment process:
- proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament;
- consideration of drafts or proposals requires an absolute majority vote by the parliamentary membership;
- passage of amendments affecting presidential elections, presidential term of office and vacancies, and amendment procedures requires approval by absolute majority in a referendum;
- passage of other proposals by the president requires at least four-fifths majority vote by Parliament;
- constitutional articles on the sovereignty of the state and its republican and secular form of government cannot be amended
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
- citizenship by birth:
- no
- citizenship by descent only:
- at least one parent must be a citizen of Cote d'Ivoire
- dual citizenship recognized:
- no
- residency requirement for naturalization:
- 5 years
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 25 October 2025)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert BREUGRE MAMBE (since 17 October 2023)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- election/appointment process:
- president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single renewable 5-year term;
- vice president elected on same ballot as president;
- prime minister appointed by the president
- most recent election date:
- October 2030
- election results:
- ; 2020: Alassane OUATTARA reelected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 94.3%, Kouadio Konan BERTIN (PDCI-RDA) 2.0%, other 3.7%
- 2025: Alassane OUATTARA reelected president;
- percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA (RDR) 91.2%, Jean Louis BILLON (DC) 3.1%, Simone Gbagbo (MCG) 2.4%, Ahoua Don MELLO (Ind.) 2.0%, other 1.3%
- expected date of next election:
- October 2030
note: because President OUATTARA promulgated the new constitution in 2016, he has claimed that the clock is reset on term limits, allowing him to run for up to two additional terms
Legislative branch - lower chamber
- chamber name:
- National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
- number of seats:
- 255 (all directly elected)
- electoral system:
- plurality/majority
- scope of elections:
- full renewal
- term in office:
- 5 years
- most recent election date:
- 3/6/2021 to 6/12/2021
- parties elected and seats per party:
- Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace (RHDP) (139);
- Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA)-Together for Democracy and Sovereignty (EDS) (49);
- Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) (23);
- Independents (26);
- Other (18)
- percentage of women in chamber:
- 13.4%
- expected date of next election:
- December 2025
Legislative branch - upper chamber
- chamber name:
- Senate (Sénat)
- number of seats:
- 99 (66 indirectly elected; 33 appointed)
- scope of elections:
- full renewal
- term in office:
- 5 years
- most recent election date:
- 9/16/2023
- percentage of women in chamber:
- 24.5%
- expected date of next election:
- September 2028
Judicial branch
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Judicial, Audit, Constitutional, and Administrative Chambers; consists of the court president, 3 vice presidents for the Judicial, Audit, and Administrative chambers, and 9 associate justices or magistrates)
- judge selection and term of office:
- judges nominated by the Superior Council of the Magistrature, a 7-member body consisting of the national president (chairman), 3 "bench" judges, and 3 public prosecutors; judges appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- Courts of Appeal (organized into civil, criminal, and social chambers);
- first instance courts;
- peace courts
Political parties
- African Peoples' Party-Cote d'Ivoire or PPA-CI
- Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI
- Ivorian Popular Front or FPI
- Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER
- Movement of the Future Forces or MFA
- Pan-African Congress for People's Justice and Equality or COJEP
- Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP
- Rally of the Republicans or RDR
- Together for Democracy and Sovereignty or EDS
- Together to Build (UDPCI, FPI,and allies)
- Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI
- Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI
Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Ibrahima TOURE (since 13 January 2022)
- chancery:
- 2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 797-0300
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 204-3967
- email address and website:
- [email protected]; Ambassade de Cote D’ivoire aux USA (ambaciusa.org)
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Jessica Davis BA (since 2 March 2023)
- embassy:
- B.P. 730 Abidjan Cidex 03
- mailing address:
- 2010 Abidjan Place, Washington DC 20521-2010
- telephone:
- [225] 27-22-49-40-00
- FAX:
- [225] 27-22-49-43-23
- email address and website:
- [email protected]; https://ci.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Flag
- description:
- three equal vertical bands of orange (left side), white, and green
- meaning:
- orange stands for the savannah and fertility, white for peace and unity, green for the forests of the south and the hope for a bright future; design based on France's flag
note: similar to the flag of Ireland, which is wider and has the colors reversed -- green (left side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (left side), white, and red
National anthem(s)
- title:
- "L'Abidjanaise" (Song of Abidjan)
- lyrics/music:
- Mathieu EKRA, Joachim BONY, and Pierre Marie COTY/Pierre Marie COTY and Pierre Michel PANGO
- history:
- adopted 1960; named after the former capital city of Abidjan
National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites:
- 5 (2 cultural, 3 natural)
- selected World Heritage Site locales:
- Comoé National Park (n);
- Historic Grand-Bassam (c);
- Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (n);
- Sudanese-style Mosques (c);
- Taï National Park (n)
Economy
31 fieldsTrading partnersexports left, imports right
By end use% of GDP · (2024 est.)
Budget(2023 est.)
Economic overview
- one of West Africa’s most influential, stable, and rapidly developing economies;
- poverty declines in urban but increases in rural areas;
- strong construction sector and increasingly diverse economic portfolio;
- increasing but manageable public debt;
- large labor force in agriculture
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture:
- 17.9% (2024 est.)
- industry:
- 22.1% (2024 est.)
- services:
- 53.9% (2024 est.)
note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Agricultural products
yams, cassava, oil palm fruit, cocoa beans, sugarcane, plantains, rice, rubber, maize, cashews (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity
Labor force
12.595 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Unemployment rate
2.3% (2024 est.) · 2.3% (2023 est.) · 2.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total:
- 3.9% (2024 est.)
- male:
- 3.5% (2024 est.)
- female:
- 4.4% (2024 est.)
note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
37.5% (2021 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
35.3 (2021 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Average household expenditures
- on food:
- 37.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- on alcohol and tobacco:
- 3.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Remittances
1.3% of GDP (2023 est.) · 1.5% of GDP (2022 est.) · 0.6% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Taxes and other revenues
13.2% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
-$5.394 billion (2022 est.) · -$2.874 billion (2021 est.) · -$1.974 billion (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$17.211 billion (2022 est.) · $16.23 billion (2021 est.) · $13.232 billion (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - commodities
gold, cocoa beans, rubber, refined petroleum, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
$19.948 billion (2022 est.) · $16.191 billion (2021 est.) · $12.66 billion (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, ships, refined petroleum, fish, rice (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Debt - external
$26.576 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 606.345 (2024 est.) · 606.57 (2023 est.) · 623.76 (2022 est.) · 554.531 (2021 est.) · 575.586 (2020 est.)
Energy
6 fieldsElectrification% of population · (2022 est.)
Installed generating capacity, 2.315 million kW(2023 est.)
Petroleum
- total petroleum production:
- 29,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
- refined petroleum consumption:
- 87,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
- crude oil estimated reserves:
- 100 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
- production:
- 2.474 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- consumption:
- 2.474 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- proven reserves:
- 28.317 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Communications
6 fieldsPer 100 inhabitants(2023–24 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions:
- 245,000 (2024 est.)
- subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
- (2024 est.) less than 1
Broadcast media
- state-controlled Radiodiffusion Télévision Ivoirienne (RTI) is made up of 2 radio stations (Radio Cote d'Ivoire and Fréquence2) and 2 TV stations (RTI1 and RTI2) with nationwide coverage, broadcasting mainly in French;
- 178 proximity radio stations, 16 religious radio stations, 5 commercial radio stations, and 5 international radio stations;
- government now runs radio station UNOCIFM, previously owned by the UN Operation in Cote d'Ivoire;
- in 2016, 4 media companies were granted licenses: Live TV, Optimum Media Cote d'Ivoire, the Audiovisual Company of Cote d'Ivoire (Sedaci), and Sorano-CI (2019)
Transportation
6 fieldsMerchant marine, 25 ships by typeone square, one ship · (2023)
Railways
- total:
- 660 km (2008)
- narrow gauge:
- 660 km (2008) 1.000-m gauge
note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso
Ports
- total ports:
- 5 (2024)
- large:
- 1
- medium:
- 0
- small:
- 0
- very small:
- 4
- ports with oil terminals:
- 5
- key ports:
- Abidjan, Baobab Marine Terminal, Espoir Marine Terminal, Port Bouet, San Pedro
Military and Security
7 fieldsMilitary and security forces
Armed Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Forces Armees de Cote d'Ivoire, FACI; aka Republican Forces of Ivory Coast, FRCI): Army, National Navy, Air Force, Special Forces; National Gendarmerie
- Ministry of Security and Civil Protection:
- National Police (2025)
note: the National Gendarmerie is a paramilitary force under the Ministry of Defense that is responsible for ensuring public safety, maintaining order, enforcing laws, and protecting institutions, people, and property; it is organized into mobile and territorial components;
the Mobile Gendarmerie is responsible for maintaining and restoring order and is considered the backbone of the country’s domestic security; the Territorial Gendarmerie is responsible for the administrative, judicial, and military police; the Gendarmerie also has separate specialized units for security, intervention (counterterrorism, hostage rescue, etc), VIP protection, and surveillance
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 25-30,000 active FACI, including Gendarmerie personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the inventory of the FACI consists mostly of older or secondhand armaments, typically of French or Soviet-era origin;
- in recent years, it has received small quantities of newer and secondhand equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Bulgaria, China, France, Israel, South Africa, and the US (2025)
note: Cote d'Ivoire was under a partial UN arms embargo from 2004 to 2016
Military service age and obligation
- 18-26 (up to 35 for healthcare professionals) years of age for voluntary military service for men and women;
- conscription is authorized but reportedly not enforced (2025)
Military - note
the military (FACI) is responsible for external defense but also has a considerable internal role supporting the National Gendarmerie and other internal security forces; key areas of focus for the FACI are the country's porous international borders and the threat posed by Islamic militants associated with the al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) terrorist group operating across the border in Burkina Faso and Mali;
AQIM militants conducted attacks in the country in 2016 and 2020; Côte d’Ivoire since 2016 has stepped up border security and completed building a joint counter-terrorism training center with France near Abidjan in 2020; Cote d'Ivoire has long maintained a close security relationship with France
the FACI has mutinied several times since the late 1990s, most recently in 2017, and has had a large role in the country’s political turmoil; it was established in 1960 from home defense units the French colonial government began standing up in 1950 (2025)
Space
3 fieldsSpace agency/agencies
- National Office for Technical Studies and Development (Bureau d'Études Techniques et de Développement or BNETD);
- Côte d’Ivoire Geographic and Digital Information Center (CIGN) (2025)
note: in mid-2025, Côte d’Ivoire announced that it would establish the Space Agency of Côte d’Ivoire (ASCI) in 2026 under the Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Space program overview
- has a small, nascent program focused on satellite technology and geospatial information systems, as well as exploitation for resource management, environmental challenges, agricultural sector support, and national security;
- member of the African Space Agency and cooperates bilaterally with member states such as Tanzania (2025)
Key space-program milestones
2023 - hosted an Africa-wide space industry conference; announced plans to acquire and launch first small remote sensing satellite (Yam-Sat- CI 01); 2024 - began joint project with Tanzania to build a technology-demonstrator cube satellite (TanSat-1)
Terrorism
1 fieldTerrorist group(s)
al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transnational Issues
1 fieldRefugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees:
- 69,176 (2024 est.)
- stateless persons:
- 930,978 (2024 est.)
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Cote d'Ivoire.” The World Factbook 2025. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/cote-d-ivoire.