Curacao
parliamentaryIndependence none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Curacao as the 2013 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 99 fields, one of 16 editions from 2010 to 2025.
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Introduction
1 fieldBackground
Originally settled by Arawak Indians, Curacao was seized by the Dutch in 1634 along with the neighboring island of Bonaire. Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, Curacao was hard hit economically by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of the Isla Refineria to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields.
In 1954, Curacao and several other Dutch Caribbean possessions were reorganized as the Netherlands Antilles, part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In referenda in 2005 and 2009, the citizens of Curacao voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The change in status became effective in October 2010 with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles.
Geography
Caribbean, an island in the Caribbean Sea - 55 km off the coast of Venezuela
18 fieldsLand useshare of 444 sq km
Climate
tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semiarid with average rainfall of 600 mm/year
People and Society
18 fieldsAge structuremale left, female right · (2013 est.)
Per 1,000 population
Religions(2001 census)
Ethnic groups
Afro-Caribbean majority; Dutch, French, Latin American, East Asian, South Asian, Jewish minorities
Languages
Papiamentu (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 81.2%, Dutch (official) 8%, Spanish 4%, English 2.9%, other 3.9% (2001 census)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.15 male(s)/female
- 0-14 years:
- 1.05 male(s)/female
- 15-24 years:
- 1.08 male(s)/female
- 25-54 years:
- 0.92 male(s)/female
- 55-64 years:
- 0.79 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.71 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 0.92 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Government
Parliamentary; King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); Prime Minister Ivar ASJES (since 7 June 2013)
18 fieldsPresidential electionpercent of vote
Estates of Curacao, 21 seats, elected 19 October 2012one dot, one seat
Percent of vote
Country name
- Dutch long form:
- Land Curacao
- Dutch short form:
- Curacao
- Papiamentu long form:
- Pais Korsou
- Papiamentu short form:
- Korsou
- former:
- Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies
Dependency status
- constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
- full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 2010;
- Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs
Capital
- name:
- Willemstad
- geographic coordinates:
- 12 06 N, 68 55 W
- time difference:
- UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
National holiday
Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX), 30 April (1909 and 1980)
Constitution
- previous 1947, 1955;
- latest adopted 5 September 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Curacao but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands);
- note - in October 2010, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Curacao became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2013)
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor Lucille A. GEORGE-WOUT (since 4 November 2013)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ivar ASJES (since 7 June 2013)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the governor; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- the monarch is hereditary;
- governor general appointed by the monarch;
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the parliament;
- next election is scheduled for 2016
Legislative branch
unicameral Estates of Curacao (21 seats; members elected by popular vote for four year terms)
- elections:
- last held 19 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016)
- election results:
- percent of vote by party - PS 22.6%, MFK 21.2%, PAR 19.7%, PAIS 17.7%, MAN 9.5%, PNP 5.9%, other 3.4%;
- seats by party - PS 5, MFK 5, PAR 4, PAIS 4, MAN 2, PNP 1
Political parties and leaders
- Frente Obrero Liberashon (Workers' Liberation Front) or FOL [Anthony GODETT]
- Movementu Futuro Korsou or MFK [Gerrit SCHOTTE]
- Movishon Antia Nobo or MAN [Eunice EISDEN]
- Partido Antia Restruktura or PAR [Emily DE JONGH-ELHAGE]
- Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal or PAIS [Alex ROSARIA]
- Partido Nashonal di Pueblo or PNP [Humphrey DAVELAAR]
- Pueblo Soberano or PS [Helmin WIELS]
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Consul General James R. Moore (since June 2013); note - also accredited to Aruba and Sint Martin
- consulate(s) general:
- J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad, Curacao
- mailing address:
- P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao
- telephone:
- [599] (9) 4613066
- FAX:
- [599] (9) 4616489
Flag description
- on a blue field a horizontal yellow band somewhat below the center divides the flag into proportions of 5:1:2;
- two five-pointed white stars - the smaller above and to the left of the larger - appear in the canton;
- the blue of the upper and lower sections symbolizes the sky and sea respectively;
- yellow represents the sun;
- the stars symbolize Curacao and its uninhabited smaller sister island of Klein Curacao;
- the five star points signify the five continents from which Curacao's people derive
National anthem
- name:
- Himmo di Korsou (Anthem of Curacao)
- lyrics/music:
- Guillermo ROSARIO, Mae HENRIQUEZ, Enrique MULLER, Betty DORAN/Frater Candidus NOWENS, Errol "El Toro" COLINA
note: adapted 1978; the lyrics, originally written in 1899, were rewritten in 1978 to make them less colonial in nature
Economy
Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world.
20 fieldsGDP - composition, by sector of origin(2012 est.)
Economy - overview
Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP grew slightly during the past decade, the island enjoys a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region.
Curacao has an excellent natural harbor that can accommodate large oil tankers. Venezuelan state oil company PdVSA leases the single refinery on the island from the government; most of the oil for the refinery is imported from Venezuela; most of the refined products are exported to the US. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, Brazil, Italy, and Mexico being the major suppliers.
The government is attempting to diversify its industry and trade and has signed an Association Agreement with the EU to expand business there. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. Budgetary problems complicate reform of the health and education systems. Pension system reforms are pending. A new basic health package was implemented in 2013.
Exchange rates
Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar - 1.79 (2011) · 1.79 (2011 est.) · 1.79 (2010 est.) · 1.79 (2009) · 1.79 (2008) note: the Netherland Antillean guilder was replaced by the newly created Caribbean guilder in 2013
Energy
14 fieldsElectricity
Communications
5 fieldsBroadcast media
government-run Telecuracao operates a TV station and a radio station; several privately-owned radio stations
Transportation
2 fieldsPorts and terminals
- major seaport(s):
- Willemstad
- oil/gas terminal(s):
- Bullen Baai (Curacao Terminal)
- bulk cargo port(s):
- Fuik Bay (phosphate rock)
Military
No regular military forces; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy (2012)
3 fieldsMilitary branches
no regular military forces; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy (2012)
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Curacao.” The World Factbook 2013. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/curacao/2013.