Curacao

parliamentaryIndependence none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Curacao as the 2013 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 99 fields, one of 16 editions from 2010 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalWillemstad, UTC-4
Position12 10 N, 69 00 W
Area444 sq km
LocationCaribbean, an island in the Caribbean Sea - 55 km off the coast of Venezuela
Populationas each edition published it
146,836 people July 2013 est. · 142,180 in 2010
Population growth% a year
Not in this edition 0.43% in 2015
Median ageyears
36.2 years 2013 est. · 38.1 yrs in 2025
Life expectancyyears at birth
Not in this edition 78.2 yrs in 2015
Fertility ratechildren per woman
2.09 children per woman 2013 est. · 2.1 in 2010
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
Not in this edition 7.9 in 2015
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$15,000 2004 est. · $14,970 in 2010
GDP real growth% a year
0% 2012 est. · 3.5% in 2010

Introduction

1 field

Background

Originally settled by Arawak Indians, Curacao was seized by the Dutch in 1634 along with the neighboring island of Bonaire. Once the center of the Caribbean slave trade, Curacao was hard hit economically by the abolition of slavery in 1863. Its prosperity (and that of neighboring Aruba) was restored in the early 20th century with the construction of the Isla Refineria to service the newly discovered Venezuelan oil fields.

In 1954, Curacao and several other Dutch Caribbean possessions were reorganized as the Netherlands Antilles, part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In referenda in 2005 and 2009, the citizens of Curacao voted to become a self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The change in status became effective in October 2010 with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles.

Geography

Caribbean, an island in the Caribbean Sea - 55 km off the coast of Venezuela

18 fields

Land useshare of 444 sq km

arable land 10%permanent crops 0%other 90% (2011)
Area
444sq km
country comparison to the world: 200land: 444 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmmore than twice the size of Washington, DC
Coastline
364km
land boundaries: 0 kmterritorial sea: 12 nmexclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Highest point
372
Mt. Christoffel, · mlowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m

Location

Caribbean, an island in the Caribbean Sea - 55 km off the coast of Venezuela

Geographic coordinates

12 10 N, 69 00 W

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Climate

tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semiarid with average rainfall of 600 mm/year

Terrain

generally low, hilly terrain

Natural resources

calcium phosphates, aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit

Natural hazards

Curacao is south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened

Geography - note

Curacao is a part of the Windward Islands (southern) group

People and Society

18 fields

Age structuremale left, female right · (2013 est.)

7,833
65 and over13%
11,090
8,059
55-6412.6%
10,259
26,869
25-5438.5%
29,348
11,599
15-2415.4%
10,790
15,342
0-1420.6%
14,645
MaleFemaleDependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 50.1 % · youth dependency ratio: 29 % · elderly dependency ratio: 21 % · potential support ratio: 4.8 (2013)
Population
146,836
(July 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 189growth rate: NA

Per 1,000 population

Death
8 (2009)Net migration
1.27 (2008)

Religions(2001 census)

Roman Catholic 80.1%Protestant 11.2% (Pentecostal 3.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.2%, other Protestant 5.5%)none 4.6%Jehovah's Witnesses 1.7%Jewish 0.8%other 1.3%not reported 0.3% (2001 census)

Nationality

noun:
Curacaoan
adjective:
Curacaoan; Dutch

Ethnic groups

Afro-Caribbean majority; Dutch, French, Latin American, East Asian, South Asian, Jewish minorities

Languages

Papiamentu (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) 81.2%, Dutch (official) 8%, Spanish 4%, English 2.9%, other 3.9% (2001 census)

Median age

total:
36.2 years
male:
32.7 years
female:
39.9 years (2013 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:
1.15 male(s)/female
0-14 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years:
1.08 male(s)/female
25-54 years:
0.92 male(s)/female
55-64 years:
0.79 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.71 male(s)/female
total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total:
NA
males:
72.4 years
females:
80.1 years (2009)

Total fertility rate

2.09 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Government

Parliamentary; King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); Prime Minister Ivar ASJES (since 7 June 2013)

18 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

22.6%
PS 22.6%MFK 21.2%PAR 19.7%PAIS 17.7%MAN 9.5%PNP 5.9%other 3.4%last held 19 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016)

Estates of Curacao, 21 seats, elected 19 October 2012one dot, one seat

PS 5MFK 5PAR 4PAIS 4MAN 2PNP 1

Percent of vote

PS 22.6%MFK 21.2%PAR 19.7%PAIS 17.7%MAN 9.5%PNP 5.9%other 3.4%

Country name

Dutch long form:
Land Curacao
Dutch short form:
Curacao
Papiamentu long form:
Pais Korsou
Papiamentu short form:
Korsou
former:
Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies

Dependency status

  • constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
  • full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 2010;
  • Dutch Government responsible for defense and foreign affairs

Government type

parliamentary

Capital

name:
Willemstad
geographic coordinates:
12 06 N, 68 55 W
time difference:
UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Independence

none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

National holiday

Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX), 30 April (1909 and 1980)

Constitution

  • previous 1947, 1955;
  • latest adopted 5 September 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Curacao but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands);
  • note - in October 2010, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Curacao became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands (2013)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:
King WILLEM-ALEXANDER of the Netherlands (since 30 April 2013); represented by Governor Lucille A. GEORGE-WOUT (since 4 November 2013)
head of government:
Prime Minister Ivar ASJES (since 7 June 2013)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the governor; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
  • the monarch is hereditary;
  • governor general appointed by the monarch;
  • following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually elected prime minister by the parliament;
  • next election is scheduled for 2016

Legislative branch

unicameral Estates of Curacao (21 seats; members elected by popular vote for four year terms)

elections:
last held 19 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016)
election results:
  • percent of vote by party - PS 22.6%, MFK 21.2%, PAR 19.7%, PAIS 17.7%, MAN 9.5%, PNP 5.9%, other 3.4%;
  • seats by party - PS 5, MFK 5, PAR 4, PAIS 4, MAN 2, PNP 1

Judicial branch

highest court(s):

Political parties and leaders

  • Frente Obrero Liberashon (Workers' Liberation Front) or FOL [Anthony GODETT]
  • Movementu Futuro Korsou or MFK [Gerrit SCHOTTE]
  • Movishon Antia Nobo or MAN [Eunice EISDEN]
  • Partido Antia Restruktura or PAR [Emily DE JONGH-ELHAGE]
  • Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal or PAIS [Alex ROSARIA]
  • Partido Nashonal di Pueblo or PNP [Humphrey DAVELAAR]
  • Pueblo Soberano or PS [Helmin WIELS]

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission:
Consul General James R. Moore (since June 2013); note - also accredited to Aruba and Sint Martin
consulate(s) general:
J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Willemstad, Curacao
mailing address:
P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao
telephone:
[599] (9) 4613066
FAX:
[599] (9) 4616489

Flag description

  • on a blue field a horizontal yellow band somewhat below the center divides the flag into proportions of 5:1:2;
  • two five-pointed white stars - the smaller above and to the left of the larger - appear in the canton;
  • the blue of the upper and lower sections symbolizes the sky and sea respectively;
  • yellow represents the sun;
  • the stars symbolize Curacao and its uninhabited smaller sister island of Klein Curacao;
  • the five star points signify the five continents from which Curacao's people derive

National anthem

name:
Himmo di Korsou (Anthem of Curacao)
lyrics/music:
Guillermo ROSARIO, Mae HENRIQUEZ, Enrique MULLER, Betty DORAN/Frater Candidus NOWENS, Errol "El Toro" COLINA

note: adapted 1978; the lyrics, originally written in 1899, were rewritten in 1978 to make them less colonial in nature

Economy

Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world.

20 fields
GDP, purchasing power parity
$2.838billion
(2008 est.)country comparison to the world: 183$2.606 billion (2007 est.) · $2.452 billion (2006 est.)note: data are in 2008 US dollarsofficial exchange rate: $5.08 billion (2008 est.)
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,000
(2004 est.)country comparison to the world: 90
Real growth rate
0%
(2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 1813.5% (2008) · 2.2% (2007)industrial production growth: NA%
Inflation, consumer prices
2.3%
(2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 551.3% (2010 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin(2012 est.)

agriculture 0.7%industry 15.5%services 83.8% (2012 est.)

Economy - overview

Tourism, petroleum refining, and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Although GDP grew slightly during the past decade, the island enjoys a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared with other countries in the region.

Curacao has an excellent natural harbor that can accommodate large oil tankers. Venezuelan state oil company PdVSA leases the single refinery on the island from the government; most of the oil for the refinery is imported from Venezuela; most of the refined products are exported to the US. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, Brazil, Italy, and Mexico being the major suppliers.

The government is attempting to diversify its industry and trade and has signed an Association Agreement with the EU to expand business there. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture. Budgetary problems complicate reform of the health and education systems. Pension system reforms are pending. A new basic health package was implemented in 2013.

Agriculture - products

aloe, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit

Industries

tourism, petroleum refining, petroleum transshipment facilities, light manufacturing

Labor force

62,040 (2011) country comparison to the world: 186

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture:
1.2%
industry:
16.9%
services:
81.8% (2008 est.)

Unemployment rate

9.8% (2011 est.) · 10.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

Taxes and other revenues

10.8% of GDP (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-0.9% of GDP (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Exports

$1.5 billion (2011 est.) · $1.4 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Exports - commodities

petroleum products

Imports

$2.5 billion (2011 est.) · $2.648 billion (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, food, manufactures

Exchange rates

Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US dollar - 1.79 (2011) · 1.79 (2011 est.) · 1.79 (2010 est.) · 1.79 (2009) · 1.79 (2008) note: the Netherland Antillean guilder was replaced by the newly created Caribbean guilder in 2013

Energy

14 fields

Electricity

Electricity production
1.167 billion (2008 est.)Electricity consumption
968 million (2008 est.)Refined petroleum imports
291,700 (2009 est.)Refined petroleum consumption
72,000 (2010 est.)Refined petroleum production
531.1 (2010 est.)Refined petroleum exports
211,100 (2009 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2011 es) country comparison to the world: 113

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 170

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2011 es) country comparison to the world: 121

Communications

5 fields

Telephone system

international: country code - 599

Broadcast media

government-run Telecuracao operates a TV station and a radio station; several privately-owned radio stations

Transportation

2 fields

Roadways

total: 550 km country comparison to the world: 192

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s):
Willemstad
oil/gas terminal(s):
Bullen Baai (Curacao Terminal)
bulk cargo port(s):
Fuik Bay (phosphate rock)

Military

No regular military forces; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy (2012)

3 fields

Military branches

no regular military forces; the Dutch Government controls foreign and defense policy (2012)

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Cite this entry

Central Intelligence Agency. “Curacao.” The World Factbook 2013. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/curacao/2013.