The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2024 Middle East
Telecommunication systems Cyprus, in 35 editions.
The entry for Cyprus published Telecommunication systems in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2024. The text changed in 25 editions. Each is shown as published. Telecommunication systems in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 25
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2024
Published as “Telecommunications” (1990 to 1994), “Telephone system” (1995 to 2019) and “Telecommunication systems” (2020 to 2024).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2024 edition
Same as 2023Published as “Telecommunications”
- excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area;
- 210,000 telephones;
- stations--13 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV;
- tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables;
- satellite earth stations--INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems
excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones; stations--13 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations--INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems
Published as “Telecommunications”
- excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area;
- 210,000 telephones;
- stations--14 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV;
- tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables;
- satellite earth stations--INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems
excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones; stations--13 stations--14 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations--INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems
Published as “Telecommunications”
- excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area;
- 210,000 telephones;
- largely open-wire and radio relay;
- broadcast stations - 11 AM, 8 FM, 1 (34 repeaters) TV in Greek sector and 2 AM, 6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish sector;
- international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and EUTELSAT earth stations
excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek
area), moderately good and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones; stations--14
largely open-wire and radio relay; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) 8 FM, 2 (40 1 (34
repeaters) TV; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece TV in Greek sector and Turkey; 2 AM, 6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish sector;
international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine coaxial cables; cables, and
satellite earth stations--INTELSAT, stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean and INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean, Ocean
INTELSAT and EUTELSAT systems earth stations
Published as “Telecommunications”
- excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area;
- 210,000 telephones;
- largely open-wire and microwave radio relay;
- broadcast stations - 11 AM, 8 FM, 1 (34 repeaters) TV in Greek sector and 2 AM, 6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish sector;
- international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and EUTELSAT earth stations
excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek
area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones;
largely open-wire and microwave radio relay; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 8
FM, 1 (34sector;
sector; international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and
and satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean
INTELSAT and EUTELSAT earth stations
Published as “Telecommunications”
- excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area;
- 210,000 telephones;
- largely open-wire and microwave radio relay;
- broadcast stations - 11 AM, 8 FM, 1 (34 repeaters) TV in Greek sector and 2 AM, 6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish sector;
- international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and EUTELSAT earth stations
excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek
area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones;
telephones; largely open-wire and microwave radio relay; broadcast
stations - 11 AM, 8
6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish
scatter, 3 submarine cables,
Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean
Published as “Telephone system”
- 210,000 telephones;
- excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area;
- largely open-wire and microwave radio relay
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- microwave radio relay
- international:
- international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station
210,000 telephones; excellent in both the area
controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek
Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 largely open-wire and microwave
telephones;
radio relay; broadcast relaystations - 11 AM, 8 FM, 1 (34 repeaters) TV in Greek sector and 2 AM, local: NA6 FM and 1 TV in Turkish sector; intercity: microwave radio relay
international: international service by tropospheric
submarine cables, and satellite earth stations - 1 2 INTELSAT (1 AtlanticINTELSAT, and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT Ocean)
and 1 EUTELSAT earth stations station
The same text in 1996 and 1997.
Published as “Telephone system”
excellent in both the Greek and Turkish areas
- domestic:
- open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
210,000 telephones; excellent in both the area Greek and
controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area),in the Turkish areasTurkish-Cypriot administered area; largely open-wire domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwavelocal: NAinternational:
intercity: microwave radio relayinternational service by tropospheric scatter, scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic
submarine cables, and 2 INTELSAT cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 1 2 Indian Ocean)Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 EUTELSAT earth station Arabsat
Published as “Telephone system”
excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
- domestic:
- open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations-3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish
Cypriot areas
domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic
submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 stations-3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Published as “Telephone system”
excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
- domestic:
- open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations--3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish
Cypriot areas
domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic
submarine cables; satellite earth stations-3 stations--3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Published as “Telephone system”
excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
- domestic:
- open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish
domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-opticstations--3 stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay international: tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
- domestic:
- open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
domestic: open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot areas
domestic: open wire, open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both Republic of Cyprus and north Cyprus areas
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 357;
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: excellent in both the Greek Cypriot Republic of Cyprus and Turkish Cypriot north Cyprus areas
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 357; tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both Republic of Cyprus and north Cyprus areas
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- tropospheric scatter;
- 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: excellent in both Republic of Cyprus and north Cyprus areas
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 357; 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: excellent in both Republic of Cyprus area under government control and north Cyprus areas area administered by Turkish Cypriots
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)
general assessment: excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 3 8 (3 Intelsat (1 - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat Arabsat)
The same text in 6 editions, 2009 to 2014.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)
general assessment:
excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
domestic:
open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international:
country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)
general assessment:
domestic:
international:
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2015)
general assessment: excellent in both area under government control and area administered by Turkish Cypriots
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2015)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyta, which is still fully-owned by the state;
- improved regulatory circumstances, especially in relation to network interconnection and access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, to launch competing services (2017)
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay; fixed-line teledisity is 26 per 100, 96 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2017)
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat);
- Quantum Cable contracts for new submarine cable linking to Greece and Israel;
- Telecom Italy Sparkle and Cyta complete the Kimonas cable subsystem linking Cyprus with Crete;
- Cyta upgrades transmission capacity on the TE-North Cable System to 500Gb/s (2017)
general assessment: excellent despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyta, which is still fully-owned by the state; improved regulatory circumstances, especially in both area under government control relation to network interconnection and area administered by Turkish Cypriots access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, to launch competing services (2017)
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay relay; fixed-line teledisity is 26 per 100, 96 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2017)
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2015) Arabsat); Quantum Cable contracts for new submarine cable linking to Greece and Israel; Telecom Italy Sparkle and Cyta complete the Kimonas cable subsystem linking Cyprus with Crete; Cyta upgrades transmission capacity on the TE-North Cable System to 500Gb/s (2017)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyprus Telecommunications Authority CyTA, which is still fully-owned by the state but is losing ground to its competition annually;
- improved regulatory circumstances, especially in relation to network interconnection and access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, to launch competing services (2018)
- domestic:
- open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay; fixed-line teledinsity is 26 per 100, and 96 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2018)
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia;
- Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
general assessment: despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyta, Cyprus Telecommunications Authority CyTA, which is still fully-owned by the state; state but is losing ground to its competition annually; improved regulatory circumstances, especially in relation to network interconnection and access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, to launch competing services (2017) (2018)
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay; fixed-line teledisity teledinsity is 26 per 100, and 96 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2017) (2018)
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat); Quantum Cable contracts for new submarine cable linking to Greece and Israel; Telecom Italy Sparkle and Cyta complete the Kimonas cable subsystem linking Cyprus with Crete; Cyta upgrades transmission capacity on the TE-North Cable System to 500Gb/s (2017) Arabsat) (2019)
- general assessment:
- broadband market steadily developing with one of the highest penetrations rates in the region;
- despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (CyTA), which is still fully-owned by the state, but it is losing ground to its competition annually;
- improved regulatory circumstances, especially in relation to network interconnection and access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, and to launch competing services;
- fiber infrastructure in the early days and DSL remains the dominate access platform (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line is 37 per 100, and 144 per 100 for mobile-cellular; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019)
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia;
- Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
general assessment: broadband market steadily developing with one of the highest penetrations rates in the region; despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyprus Telecommunications Authority CyTA, (CyTA), which is still fully-owned by the state state, but it is losing ground to its competition annually; improved regulatory circumstances, especially in relation to network interconnection and access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, and to launch competing services (2018) services; fiber infrastructure in the early days and DSL remains the dominate access platform (2020)
domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay; fixed-line teledinsity is 26 37 per 100, and 96 144 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2018) mobile-cellular; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019)
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
- general assessment:
- despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market is dominated by its state-owned operator;
- one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region;
- DSL remains the dominant access platform as broadband is restricted to a few towns;
- fixed-line and mobile cable infrastructure available for more than half of premises;
- fiber infrastructure in development;
- improved regulations provide confidence for investment in network infrastructure and competing services;
- operator expanded FttP services and initiated cable connection to France and Egypt;
- operator signed vendor agreement with international investor, Huawei, to develop 5G;
- operators extended LTE services and upgraded transmission capacity on TE-North Cable System (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line is 37 per 100, and 144 per 100 for mobile-cellular; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019)
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia;
- Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
general assessment: broadband market steadily developing with one of the highest penetrations rates in the region; despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be is dominated by its state-owned operator; one of the incumbent, Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (CyTA), which is still fully-owned by highest broadband penetration rates in the state, but it region; DSL remains the dominant access platform as broadband is losing ground restricted to its competition annually; a few towns; fixed-line and mobile cable infrastructure available for more than half of premises; fiber infrastructure in development; improved regulatory circumstances, especially regulations provide confidence for investment in relation to network interconnection infrastructure and access, has given competing operators the certainty services; operator expanded FttP services and initiated cable connection to invest in network infrastructure, France and Egypt; operator signed vendor agreement with international investor, Huawei, to launch competing services; fiber infrastructure in the early days develop 5G; operators extended LTE services and DSL remains the dominate access platform upgraded transmission capacity on TE-North Cable System (2020)
domestic: fixed-line is 37 per 100, and 144 per 100 for mobile-cellular; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019)
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect consequent restriction on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable services as a tool for work and satellite - has moderated school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
- general assessment:
- Cyprus suffered from the effects of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, when the tourism sector was essentially closed;
- during 2022, there have been adverse effects caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of Russian tourists entering the country;
- the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators;
- the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure;
- the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region;
- DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections;
- although fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises;
- as a result, the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform (2021)
- domestic:
- fixed-line about 35 per 100 and about 140 per 100 for mobile-cellular teledensity; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2020)
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia;
- Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
general assessment: despite Cyprus suffered from the growth effects of Cyprus's telecom sector, the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, when the tourism sector was essentially closed; during 2022, there have been adverse effects caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of Russian tourists entering the country; the mobile market is dominated served by its state-owned operator; four mobile network operators; the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure; the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform as broadband is restricted to a few towns; fixed-line and mobile cable infrastructure available platform, accounting for more than half about two-thirds of premises; fixed broadband connections; although fiber infrastructure in development; improved regulations provide confidence for investment in network infrastructure Cyprus is minimal (supported by the government and competing services; operator expanded regulator) to extend an FttP services and initiated cable connection service to France and Egypt; operator signed vendor agreement with international investor, Huawei, about 200,000 premises; as a result, the number of DSL subscribers is set to develop 5G; operators extended LTE services and upgraded transmission capacity on TE-North Cable System (2020) fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform (2021)
domestic: fixed-line is 37 about 35 per 100, 100 and 144 about 140 per 100 for mobile-cellular; mobile-cellular teledensity; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019) (2020)
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards toward 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and has increased due to the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became is still evident, and received some support from governments the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
The same text in 2023 and 2024.
- general assessment:
- Cyprus suffered from the effects of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, when the tourism sector was essentially closed;
- during 2022, there were adverse effects caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of Russian tourists entering the country;
- the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators;
- the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure;
- the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region;
- DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections;
- although fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises;
- as a result, the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform (2023)
- domestic:
- fixed-line about 34 per 100 and about 149 per 100 for mobile-cellular teledensity (2021)
- international:
- country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90);
- a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia;
- Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey;
- tropospheric scatter;
- satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
general assessment: Cyprus suffered from the effects of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, when the tourism sector was essentially closed; during 2022, there have been were adverse effects caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has resulted in a dramatic drop in the number of Russian tourists entering the country; the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators; the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure; the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband penetration rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections; although fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises; as a result, the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform (2021) (2023)
domestic: fixed-line about 35 34 per 100 and about 140 149 per 100 for mobile-cellular teledensity; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2020) teledensity (2021)
international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Cyprus: Telecommunication systems.” The World Factbook, 1990–2024 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/cyprus/telecommunication-systems.