The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Africa
Executive branch Egypt, in 35 editions.
The entry for Egypt published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 29 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 29
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
- president,
- prime minister,
- Cabinet
president, prime minister, Cabinet
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on 6 October 1981 upon the assassination of President SADAT and sworn in as President on 14 October 1981)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)
Published as “Elections”
- Advisory Council:
- last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held June 1995);
- results - NDP 100%;
- seats - (258 total, 172 elected) NDP 172
- People's Assembly:
- last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995);
- results - NDP 78.4%, NPUG 1.4%, independents 18.7%;
- seats - (437 total, 444 elected) - including NDP 348, NPUG 6, independents 83;
- note - most opposition parties boycotted
- President:
- last held 5 October 1987 (next to be held October 1993); results - President Hosni MUBARAK was reelected
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
president, prime minister, Cabinet
Chief of State:
President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on 6 October
1981 upon the assassination of President SADAT and sworn in as President on
14 October 1981)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)
Advisory Council:
last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held June 1995); results - NDP 100%; seats
- (258 total, 172 elected) NDP 172
People's Assembly:
last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995); results - NDP
78.4%, NPUG 1.4%, independents 18.7%; seats - (437 total, 444 elected) -
including NDP 348, NPUG 6, independents 83; note - most opposition parties
boycotted
President:
last held 5 October 1987 (next to be held October 1993); results - President
Hosni MUBARAK was reelected
Published as “Elections”
- Advisory Council:
- last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held June 1995);
- results - NDP 100%;
- seats - (258 total, 172 elected) NDP 172
- People's Assembly:
- last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995);
- results - NDP 78.4%, NPUG 1.4%, independents 18.7%;
- seats - (437 total, 444 elected) NDP 348, NPUG 6, independents 83;
- note - most opposition parties boycotted
- President:
- last held 5 October 1987 (next to be held October 1993); results - President Hosni MUBARAK was reelected
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on 6 October 1981 upon the assassination of President SADAT and sworn in as president on 14 October 1981)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)
president, prime minister, CabinetAdvisory Council:
Chief of State:
President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on 6 October
1981 upon the assassination of President SADAT and sworn in as President on
14 October 1981)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)
last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held June 1995); results - NDP 100%; seats
- (258 total, 172 elected) NDP 172
People's Assembly:
last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995); results - NDP
78.4%, NPUG 1.4%, independents 18.7%; seats - (437 total, 444 elected) - NDP
including
348, NPUG 6, independents 83; note - most opposition parties
President:
last held 5 October 1987 (next to be held October 1993); results - President
Hosni MUBARAK was reelected
president, prime minister, Cabinet
Chief of State:
President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on 6 October
1981 upon the assassination of President SADAT and sworn in as president on
14 October 1981)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)
The entry for Egypt did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as president on 14 October 1981, eight days after the assassination of President SADAT);
- national referendum held 4 October 1993 validated Mubarak's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third 6-year presidential term
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet; appointed by the president
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as
president on 14 October 1981, eight days after the assassination of
President SADAT); national referendum held 4 October 1993 validated
Mubarak's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third 6-year
presidential term
head of government: Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12
November 1986)
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as president 14 October 1981, eight days after the assassination of President SADAT);
- national referendum held 4 October 1993 validated MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third six-year presidential term;
- note - the president is nominated by the People's Assembly and that nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed al-GANZOURI (since 4 January 1996) was appointed by the president
- cabinet:
- Cabinet was appointed by the president
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as
president on 14 October 1981, eight days after the assassination of
President SADAT); national referendum held 4 October 1993 validatedMubarak's MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third 6-year six-year
presidential term term; note - the president is nominated by the People's
Assembly and that nomination must then be validated by a national,
popular referendum
head of government: Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY Kamal Ahmed al-GANZOURI (since 12 4November 1986) January 1996) was appointed by the president
cabinet: Cabinet; Cabinet was appointed by the president
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed El-GANZOURI (since 4 January 1996)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections :
- president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum;
- national referendum last held 4 October 1993 (next to be held NA October 1999);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third term
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as (since 14 October
president1981, eight days after the assassination ofPresident SADAT); national referendum held 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed El-GANZOURI (since 4 October 1993 validatedMUBARAK's nomination January 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the People's Assembly to a third six-year presidentpresidential term; note - the elections : president is nominated by the People'sand that for a
six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national,
popular referendum; national referendum
head of government: Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed al-GANZOURI (sinceJanuary 1996) was to be held NA October 1999); prime minister appointed by the presidentcabinet: Cabinet was appointed election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's
nomination by the president People's Assembly to a third term
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed El-GANZOURI (since 4 January 1996)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum;
- national referendum last held 4 October 1993 (next to be held NA October 1999);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third term
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October
1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed El-GANZOURI (since 4
January 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the presidentelections : elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a
term, the nomination must then be validated by a national,
referendum; national referendum last held 4 October 1993 (next
held NA October 1999); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's
nomination by the People's Assembly to a third term
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed El-GANZOURI (since 4 January 1996)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum;
- national referendum last held 4 October 1993 (next to be held NA October 1999);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third term
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October
1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed El-GANZOURI (since 4
January 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year
six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular
popular referendum; national referendum last held 4 October 1993
(next to be
president
election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's
nomination by the People's Assembly to a third term
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Atef OBEID (since 5 October 1999)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum;
- national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October
head of government: Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed El-GANZOURI Atef OBEID (since 4 5 October 1999)
January 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a4 October 199326 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 1999); 2005); prime minister appointed by the
election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK'sthird fourth term
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981) head of government: Prime Minister Atef OBEID (since 5 October 1999) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum;
- national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister appointed by the president election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Atef Mohammed ABEID (since 5 October 1999)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum;
- national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Atef OBEID Mohammed ABEID (since 5 October 1999)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum;
- national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Atef Mohammed ABEID Ahmed NAZIF (since 5 October 1999) 9 July 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for six-year term;
- note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote;
- previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum;
- last referendum held 26 September 1999;
- first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005;
- next election scheduled for 2011
- election results:
- Hosni MUBARAK reelected president;
- percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%,
- Ayman NOUR 7.6%,
- Noman GOMAA 2.9%
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term; note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote; previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, and the nomination must then be was validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last referendum held 26 September 1999 (next to be 1999; first election under terms of constitutional amendment held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president 7 September 2005; next election scheduled for 2011
election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for six-year term (no term limits);
- note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote;
- previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum;
- last referendum held 26 September 1999;
- first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005;
- next election scheduled for 2011
- election results:
- Hosni MUBARAK reelected president;
- percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%,
- Ayman NOUR 7.6%,
- Noman GOMAA 2.9%
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term; term (no term limits); note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote; previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum; last referendum held 26 September 1999; first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005; next election scheduled for 2011
election results: Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
- chief of state:
- President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for six-year term (no term limits);
- note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote;
- previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum;
- last referendum held 26 September 1999;
- first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005;
- next election scheduled for 2011
- election results:
- Hosni MUBARAK reelected president;
- percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%,
- Ayman NOUR 7.6%,
- Noman GOMAA 2.9%
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term (no term limits); note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote; previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum; last referendum held 26 September 1999; first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005; next election scheduled for 2011
election results: Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
- chief of state:
- President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for six-year term (no term limits);
- note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote;
- previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum;
- last referendum held 26 September 1999;
- first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005;
- next election scheduled for 2011
- election results:
- Hosni MUBARAK reelected president;
- percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%,
- Ayman NOUR 7.6%,
- Noman GOMAA 2.9%
chief of state: President Mohammed Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for six-year term (no term limits); note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote; previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum; last referendum held 26 September 1999; first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005; next election scheduled for 2011
election results: Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
- chief of state:
- President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for six-year term (no term limits);
- note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote;
- previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum;
- last referendum held 26 September 1999;
- first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005;
- next election scheduled for 2011
- election results:
- Hosni MUBARAK reelected president;
- percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%,
- Ayman NOUR 7.6%,
- Noman GOMAA 2.9%
chief of state:
President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government:
Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president
elections:
president elected by popular vote for six-year term (no term limits); note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote; previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum; last referendum held 26 September 1999; first election under terms of constitutional amendment held 7 September 2005; next election scheduled for 2011
election results:
Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
- chief of state:
- President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (no term limits);
- note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote;
- previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum;
- last referendum held on 26 September 1999;
- first election under terms of the constitutional amendment held on 7 September 2005 (next scheduled for 2011)
- election results:
- Hosni MUBARAK reelected president;
- percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%,
- Ayman NOUR 7.6%,
- Noman GOMAA 2.9%
chief of state:
President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government:
Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed NAZIF (since 9 July 2004)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (no term limits); note - a national referendum in May 2005 approved a constitutional amendment that changed the presidential election to a multicandidate popular vote; previously the president was nominated by the People's Assembly and the nomination was validated by a national, popular referendum; last referendum held on 26 September 1999; first election under terms of the constitutional amendment held on 7 September 2005; next election 2005 (next scheduled for 2011 2011)
election results:
Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
Note: following the resignation of President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK in February 2011, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, headed by Defense Minister Muhammad Hussein TANTAWI, assumed control of the government
- chief of state:
- president (vacant); vice president (vacant)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Kamal Ahmad El-GANZOURI (since 25 November 2011)
- cabinet:
Prime Minister GANZOURI asked to form a new government on 27 November 2011
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- NA
- election results:
- Hosni MUBARAK reelected president;
- percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%,
- Ayman NOUR 7.6%,
- Noman GOMAA 2.9%
Rewritten: too little of the 2010 text remains to mark the changes.
Note:
following the resignation of President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK in February 2011, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, headed by Defense Minister Muhammad Hussein TANTAWI, assumed control of the government
chief of state:
president (vacant); vice president (vacant)
head of government:
Prime Minister Kamal Ahmad El-GANZOURI (since 25 November 2011)
cabinet:
Prime Minister GANZOURI asked to form a new government on 27 November 2011
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
NA
election results:
Hosni MUBARAK reelected president; percent of vote - Hosni MUBARAK 88.6%, Ayman NOUR 7.6%, Noman GOMAA 2.9%
- chief of state:
- President Muhammad MURSI (since 30 June 2012); vice president (vacant)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Hisham QANDIL (since 24 July 2012)
- cabinet:
in an early January 2013 cabinet reshuffle, 10 new ministers were sworn in
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- presidential election (first round held on 23-24 May 2012; runoff held on 16-17 June 2012 (next election NA)
- election results:
Rewritten: too little of the 2011 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state:
President Muhammad MURSI (since 30 June 2012); vice president (vacant)
head of government:
Prime Minister Hisham QANDIL (since 24 July 2012)
cabinet:
in an early January 2013 cabinet reshuffle, 10 new ministers were sworn in
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
presidential election (first round held on 23-24 May 2012; runoff held on 16-17 June 2012 (next election NA)
election results:
percent of vote (first round) - Mohammed MURSI 24.3%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 23.3%, Hamdin SABBAHI 20.4%, Abdul Moneim Aboul FOTOUH 17.2%, Amr MOUSSA 11.1, other 3.7%; (runoff) - Mohammed MURSI 51.7%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 48.3%
- chief of state:
- Interim President Adly MANSOUR (since July 2013)
- head of government:
- Interim Prime Minister Hazem el-BEBLAWI (since July 2013);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Hossam EISSA,
- Abdelfattah Said ELSISI,
- Lt. Gen.,
- Ziad Bahaa EL-DIN
- cabinet:
in an early January 2013 cabinet reshuffle, 10 new ministers were sworn in
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- presidential election (first round held on 23-24 May 2012; runoff held on 16-17 June 2012 (next election NA)
- election results:
chief of state:
Interim President Muhammad MURSI Adly MANSOUR (since 30 June 2012); vice president (vacant) July 2013)
head of government:
Interim Prime Minister Hisham QANDIL Hazem el-BEBLAWI (since 24 July 2012) 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers Hossam EISSA, Abdelfattah Said ELSISI, Lt. Gen., Ziad Bahaa EL-DIN
cabinet:
in an early January 2013 cabinet reshuffle, 10 new ministers were sworn in
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
presidential election (first round held on 23-24 May 2012; runoff held on 16-17 June 2012 (next election NA)
election results:
percent of vote (first round) - Mohammed MURSI 24.3%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 23.3%, Hamdin SABBAHI SABAHI 20.4%, Abdul Moneim Aboul FOTOUH 17.2%, Amr MOUSSA 11.1, 11.1%, other 3.7%; (runoff) - Mohammed MURSI 51.7%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 48.3%
- Chief of state:
- President Abdel Fattah al-SISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ibrahim MEHLAB (since 1 March 2014)
- cabinet:
interim cabinet sworn in 1 March 2014
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- last presidential election held on 26-28 May 2014 (next to be held in May 2018)
- election results:
- percent of vote - Abdel Fattah al-SISI 96.6%, Hamdeen SABAHI 3.4%
chief Chief of state:Interim President Adly MANSOUR Abdel Fattah al-SISI (since July 2013) 8 June 2014)
head of government:Interim Prime Minister Hazem el-BEBLAWI Ibrahim MEHLAB (since July 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers Hossam EISSA, Abdelfattah Said ELSISI, Lt. Gen., Ziad Bahaa EL-DIN 1 March 2014)
cabinet:in an early January 2013 interim cabinet reshuffle, 10 new ministers were sworn in 1 March 2014
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
last presidential election (first round held on 23-24 26-28 May 2012; runoff held on 16-17 June 2012 2014 (next election NA) to be held in May 2018)
election results:
percent of vote (first round) - Mohammed MURSI 24.3%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 23.3%, Hamdin Abdel Fattah al-SISI 96.6%, Hamdeen SABAHI 20.4%, Abdul Moneim Aboul FOTOUH 17.2%, Amr MOUSSA 11.1%, other 3.7%; (runoff) - Mohammed MURSI 51.7%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 48.3% 3.4%
- Chief of state:
- President Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Sherif ISMAIL (since 12 September 2015); note - Prime Minister Ibrahim MEHLAB resigned 12 September 2015
- cabinet:
- Cabinet sworn in 17 June 2014
- elections/appointments:
- president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26-28 May 2014 (next to be held in May 2018);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
- election results:
- Abdelfattah Said ELSISI elected president;
- percent of vote in 1 round - Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (independent) 96.6%, Hamdeen SABAHI (Egyptian Current Party ) 3.4%
Chief of state:Abdel Fattah al-SISI Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government:(since 1 March 2014) resigned 12 September 2015
cabinet:
interim cabinet1 March 17 June 2014(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26-28 May 2014 (next to be held in May
elections:
last presidential2018) 2018); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
election results:Abdel Fattah al-SISI Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (independent) 96.6%, Hamdeen SABAHI (Egyptian Current Party ) 3.4%
The same text in 2016 and 2017.
- Chief of state:
- President Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Sherif ISMAIL (since 12 September 2015); note - Prime Minister Ibrahim MEHLAB resigned 12 September 2015
- cabinet:
- Cabinet sworn in 19 September 2015
- elections/appointments:
- president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26-28 May 2014 (next to be held in May 2018);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
- election results:
- Abdelfattah Said ELSISI elected president;
- percent of vote in 1 round - Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (independent) 96.6%, Hamdeen SABAHI (Egyptian Current Party) 3.4%
Chief of state: President Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Sherif ISMAIL (since 12 September 2015); note - Prime Minister Ibrahim MEHLAB resigned 12 September 2015
cabinet: Cabinet sworn in 17 June 2014 19 September 2015
elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26-28 May 2014 (next to be held in May 2018); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
election results: Abdelfattah Said ELSISI elected president; percent of vote in 1 round - Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (independent) 96.6%, Hamdeen SABAHI (Egyptian Current Party ) Party) 3.4%
- chief of state:
- President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018); note - Prime Minister Sherif ISMAIL (since 12 September 2015) resigned 6 June 2018
- cabinet:
- Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive authorities and approved by the House of Representtives
- elections/appointments:
- president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held in 2022);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
- election results:
- Abdelfattah Said ELSISI relected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes case - Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (independent) 97.8%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.3%;
- note - over 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
Chief chief of state: President Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Sherif ISMAIL Mostafa MADBOULY (since 12 September 2015); 7 June 2018); note - Prime Minister Ibrahim MEHLAB resigned Sherif ISMAIL (since 12 September 2015 2015) resigned 6 June 2018
cabinet: Cabinet sworn in 19 September 2015 ministers nominated by the executive authorities and approved by the House of Representtives
elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26-28 May 2014 March 2018 (next to be held in May 2018); 2022); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
election results: Abdelfattah Said ELSISI elected president; relected president in first round; percent of vote in 1 round valid votes case - Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (independent) 96.6%, Hamdeen SABAHI (Egyptian Current 97.8%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 3.4% 2.3%; note - over 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
The same text in 3 editions, 2019 to 2021.
- chief of state:
- President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
- elections/appointments:
- president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms);
- election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held in 2024);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives;
- note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive terms
- election results:
- Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%;
- note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
chief of state: President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018); note - Prime Minister Sherif ISMAIL (since 12 September 2015) resigned 6 June 2018 2018)
cabinet: Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive authorities branch and approved by the House of Representtives Representatives
elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year 6-year term (eligible for a second term); 3 consecutive terms); election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held in 2022); 2024); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives Representatives; note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive terms
election results: Abdelfattah Said ELSISI relected reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes case cast - Abdelfattah Said ELSISI (independent) 97.8%, 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.3%; 2.9%; note - over more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
- chief of state:
- President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
- elections/appointments:
- president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms);
- election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held in 2024);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives;
- note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive terms
- election results:
- 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%;
- note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
chief of state: President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
cabinet: Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives; note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive terms
election results: 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
- chief of state:
- President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
- elections/appointments:
- president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms);
- election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held 10 to 12 December 2023);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives;
- note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive terms
- election results:
- Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%;
- note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
chief of state: President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
cabinet: Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held in 2024); 10 to 12 December 2023); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives; note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive terms
election results: 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
- chief of state:
- President Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
- elections/appointments:
- president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms);
- election last held on 10 to 12 December 2023;
- next to held in 2029);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
- election results:
- 2023: Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9%
- 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%;
- note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
chief of state: President Abdelfattah ELSISI Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
cabinet: Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
elections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held 10 to 12 December 2023); 2023; next to held in 2029); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives; note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive terms Representatives
election results:
2023: Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9%
2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
- chief of state:
- President Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (since 8 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representatives
- election/appointment process:
- president elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms);
- prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
- most recent election date:
- 10-12 December 2023
- election results:
- 2023: Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9%
- 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round;
- percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%;
- note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
- expected date of next election:
- 2029
chief of state: President Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (since 8 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)
cabinet: Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representativeselections/appointments: election/appointment process: president elected by absolute majority absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds rounds, if needed needed, for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); election last held on 10 to 12 December 2023; next to held in 2029); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives
most recent election date: 10-12 December 2023
election results:
2023: Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9%
2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid
expected date of next election: 2029
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Egypt: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/egypt/executive-branch.