The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2024 Africa
Telecommunication systems Egypt, in 35 editions.
The entry for Egypt published Telecommunication systems in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2024. The text changed in 28 editions. Each is shown as published. Telecommunication systems in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 28
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2024
Published as “Telecommunications” (1990 to 1994), “Telephone system” (1995 to 2019) and “Telecommunication systems” (2020 to 2024).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2024 edition
Same as 2023Published as “Telecommunications”
- system is large but still inadequate for needs;
- principal centers are Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta;
- intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave;
- extensive upgrading in progress;
- 600,000 telephones (est.);
- stations--25 AM, 5 FM, 47 TV;
- satellite earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT;
- 4 submarine coaxial cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- radio relay to Libya (may not be operational);
- new radio relay to Jordan
system is large but still inadequate for needs; principal centers are Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in progress; 600,000 telephones (est.); stations--25 AM, 5 FM, 47 TV; satellite earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT; 4 submarine coaxial cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; radio relay to Libya (may not be operational); new radio relay to Jordan
Published as “Telecommunications”
- system is large but still inadequate for needs;
- principal centers are Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta;
- intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave;
- extensive upgrading in progress;
- 600,000 telephones (est.);
- stations--25 AM, 5 FM, 47 TV;
- satellite earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT, 1 ARABSAT;
- 4 submarine coaxial cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- radio relay to Libya (may not be operational);
- radio relay to Jordan
system is large but still inadequate for needs; principal centers are Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in progress; 600,000 telephones (est.); stations--25 AM, 5 FM, 47 TV; satellite earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT; INMARSAT, 1 ARABSAT; 4 submarine coaxial cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; radio relay to Libya (may not be operational); new radio relay to Jordan
Published as “Telecommunications”
- system is large but still inadequate for needs;
- principal centers are Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez and Tanta;
- intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave;
- extensive upgrading in progress;
- 600,000 telephones (est.);
- broadcast stations - 39 AM, 6 FM, 41 TV;
- satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT, 1 ARABSAT;
- 5 submarine coaxial cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- radio relay to Libya, Israel, and Jordan
system is large but still inadequate for needs; principal centers are
Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez and Tanta; intercity
connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in progress;
600,000 telephones (est.); stations--25 broadcast stations - 39 AM, 5 6 FM, 47 41 TV;
satellite earth stations--1 stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean
INTELSAT, 1 INMARSAT, 1 ARABSAT; 4 5 submarine coaxial cables; tropospheric
scatter to Sudan; radio relay to Libya (may not be operational); radio relay to Libya, Israel, and Jordan
Published as “Telecommunications”
- large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading;
- about 600,000 telephones (est.) - 11 telephones per 1,000 persons;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay;
- international traffic is carried by satellite - one earth station for each of Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, Indian Ocean INTELSAT, ARABSAT and INMARSAT;
- by 5 coaxial submarine cables, microwave troposcatter (to Sudan), and microwave radio relay (to Libya, Israel, and Jordan);
- broadcast stations - 39 AM, 6 FM, and 41 TV
Rewritten: too little of the 1992 text remains to mark the changes.
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present
requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading; about 600,000 telephones
(est.) - 11 telephones per 1,000 persons; principal centers at Alexandria,
Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable
and microwave radio relay; international traffic is carried by satellite -
one earth station for each of Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, Indian Ocean
INTELSAT, ARABSAT and INMARSAT; by 5 coaxial submarine cables, microwave
troposcatter (to Sudan), and microwave radio relay (to Libya, Israel, and
Jordan); broadcast stations - 39 AM, 6 FM, and 41 TV
Published as “Telecommunications”
- large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading;
- 600,000 telephones (est.) - 11 telephones per 1,000 persons;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay;
- international traffic is carried by satellite - one earth station for each of Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT, Indian Ocean INTELSAT, ARABSAT and INMARSAT;
- by 5 coaxial submarine cables, microwave troposcatter (to Sudan), and microwave radio relay (to Libya, Israel, and Jordan);
- broadcast stations - 39 AM, 6 FM, and 41 TV
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present
requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading; about 600,000 telephones
(est.) - 11 telephones per 1,000 persons; principal centers at Alexandria,
Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected
by coaxial cable
carried by satellite -
INTELSAT, Indian Ocean
submarine cables, microwave
radio relay (to Libya, Israel, and
AM, 6 FM, and 41 TV
Published as “Telephone system”
- 600,000 telephones;
- 11 telephones/1,000 persons;
- large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 ARABSAT, and 1 INMARSAT earth station;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables, microwave troposcatter (to Sudan), and microwave radio relay (to Libya, Israel, and Jordan)
600,000 telephones; 11 telephones/1,000 persons;
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present
requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading; 600,000 telephones upgrading(est.) - 11 telephones per 1,000 persons; local: NA
intercity: principal centers at
Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected
radio relay; international traffic is relaycarried by satellite - one earth station for each of Atlantic international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT,Ocean INTELSAT, ARABSAT Ocean), 1
ARABSAT, and INMARSAT; by 1 INMARSAT earth station; 5 coaxial
microwave troposcatter (to Sudan), and microwave
Libya, Israel, and Jordan); broadcast stations - 39 Jordan)
AM, 6 FM, and 41 TV
Published as “Telephone system”
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- participant in Medarabtel
600,000 telephones; 11 telephones/1,000 persons;large system by Third World standards but
inadequate for presentupgradinglocal: NA upgradingintercity: domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah,Ismailia Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave
microwave radio relay
international: satellite earth stations - 2 INTELSAT Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean
and Indian Ocean), 1
ARABSAT,INMARSAT earth station; Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables,microwave troposcatter (to Sudan), and cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay (to toLibya, Israel, and Jordan) Israel; participant in Medarabtel
Published as “Telephone system”
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- participant in Medarabtel
large system by Third World standards but
for present requirements and undergoing extensive
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah,
Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and
radio relay
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean
and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine
cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to
Israel; participant in Medarabtel
Published as “Telephone system”
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- satellite earth stations-2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- participant in Medarabtel
large system by Third World standards but inadequate
for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah,
Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave
radio relay
international: satellite earth stations - 2 stations-2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine
tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to
participant in Medarabtel
Published as “Telephone system”
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- satellite earth stations--2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- participant in Medarabtel
large system by Third World standards but inadequate
inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive
upgrading
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah,
Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave
microwave radio relay
international: satellite earth stations-2 stations--2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and
and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables;
cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel;
Israel; participant in Medarabtel
Published as “Telephone system”
large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading; Internet access available
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
large system by Third World standards but
upgrading
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah,
international: satellite earth stations--2 stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- large system;
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern;
- Internet access and cellular service are available domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
general assessment: large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing system; underwent extensive upgrading; upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- large system;
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern;
- Internet access and cellular service are available
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- large system;
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern;
- Internet access and cellular service are available
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 20;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 20; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
The same text in 2005 and 2006.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- large system;
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern;
- Internet access and cellular service are available
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 20;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- 5 coaxial submarine cables;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel
general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 20; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- large system;
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern;
- Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and in 2006 fixed-line density stood at 14 per 100 persons;
- as of 2007 there were three mobile-cellular networks and service is expanding rapidly
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 AND SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks;
- linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe);
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat;
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel
general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and cellular in 2006 fixed-line density stood at 14 per 100 persons; as of 2007 there were three mobile-cellular networks and service are available is expanding rapidly
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 20; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 AND SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- large system;
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern;
- Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and in 2007 fixed-line density stood at 14 per 100 persons;
- as of 2007 there were three mobile-cellular networks and service is expanding rapidly
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks;
- linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe);
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2007)
general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and in 2006 2007 fixed-line density stood at 14 per 100 persons; as of 2007 there were three mobile-cellular networks and service is expanding rapidly
domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
international: country code - 20; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 AND and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); satellite earth stations - 2 4 (2 Intelsat (Atlantic - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2007)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- large system;
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern;
- Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and in 2008 fixed-line density stood at 15 per 100 persons;
- as of 2008 there were three mobile-cellular networks with a total of more than 41 million subscribers, roughly 50 per 100 persons
- domestic:
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks;
- linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe);
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2008)
general assessment:
large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and in 2007 2008 fixed-line density stood at 14 15 per 100 persons; as of 2007 2008 there were three mobile-cellular networks and service is expanding rapidly with a total of more than 41 million subscribers, roughly 50 per 100 persons
domestic:
principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
international:
country code - 20; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2007) (2008)
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- domestic:
- largest fixed-line system in the region; as of 2010 there were three mobile-cellular networks with a total of more than 55 million subscribers
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2009)
general assessment:large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Telecom Egypt, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability and in 2008 fixed-line density stood at 15 per 100 persons; as of 2008 there were three mobile-cellular networks with a total of more than 41 million subscribers, roughly 50 per 100 persons1990s; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
domestic:
domestic:
largest fixed-line system in the region; as of 2010 there were three mobile-cellular networks with a total of more than 55 million subscribers
international:
country code - 20; landing point for both Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic networks, Link Around the Globe); Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2008) (2009)
The same text in 3 editions, 2012 to 2014.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- domestic:
- largest fixed-line system in the region; as of 2011 there were multiple mobile-cellular networks with a total of roughly 83 million subscribers
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2011)
general assessment:
underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
domestic:
largest fixed-line system in the region; as of 2010 2011 there were three multiple mobile-cellular networks with a total of more than 55 roughly 83 million subscribers
international:
country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2009) (2011)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- domestic:
- largest fixed-line system in the region; multiple mobile-cellular networks with a near 100-percent penetration of the market
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2015)
general assessment:
domestic:as of 2011 there were multiple mobile-cellular networks with a total near 100-percent penetration of roughly 83 million subscribers the market
international:(2011) (2015)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- Telecom Egypt remains largely state owned;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- domestic:
- largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region; multiple mobile-cellular networks with a near 100-percent penetration of the market
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2015)
general assessment: underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s; Telecom Egypt remains largely state owned; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
domestic: largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region; multiple mobile-cellular networks with a near 100-percent penetration of the market
international: country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2015)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- Telecom Egypt remains largely state owned;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
- domestic:
- largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region; multiple mobile-cellular networks with a 100-percent penetration of the market
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2016)
general assessment: Telecom Egypt remains largely state owned; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay
domestic: largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region; multiple mobile-cellular networks with a near 100-percent penetration of the market
international: country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2015) (2016)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region;
- multiple mobile-cellular networks with a 100-percent penetration of the market;
- Telecom Egypt is mostly state owned;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay;
- launch of LTE in late 2017 greatly helped the capabilities of mobile broadband services and will continue to do so for future development (2017)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 7 per 100, mobile-cellular 106 per 100 (2017)
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel;
- MENA subsea cable came into commercial use in late 2015, augmenting the country's considerable international bandwidth (2017)
general assessment: largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region; multiple mobile-cellular networks with a 100-percent penetration of the market; Telecom Egypt remains largely is mostly state owned; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay relay; launch of LTE in late 2017 greatly helped the capabilities of mobile broadband services and will continue to do so for future development (2017)
domestic: largest fixed-line system in Africa and the Arab region; multiple 7 per 100, mobile-cellular networks with a 100-percent penetration of the market 106 per 100 (2017)
international: country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2016) Medarabtel; MENA subsea cable came into commercial use in late 2015, augmenting the country's considerable international bandwidth (2017)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- one of the largest fixed-line systems in Africa and the Arab region;
- 4 mobile-cellular networks (3 international and 1 local) cover most populated area of Egypt;
- Telecom Egypt, the country's only fixed-line operator, is 80% state owned;
- principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay;
- launch of LTE in late 2017 greatly helped the capabilities of mobile broadband services and will continue to do so for future development (2018)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 8 per 100, mobile-cellular 101 per 100 (2018)
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing point for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
general assessment: one of the largest fixed-line system systems in Africa and the Arab region; multiple 4 mobile-cellular networks with a 100-percent penetration (3 international and 1 local) cover most populated area of the market; Egypt; Telecom Egypt Egypt, the country's only fixed-line operator, is mostly 80% state owned; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; launch of LTE in late 2017 greatly helped the capabilities of mobile broadband services and will continue to do so for future development (2017) (2018)
domestic: fixed-line 7 8 per 100, mobile-cellular 106 101 per 100 (2017) (2018)
international: country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 & 4 submarine cable networks, Link Around networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Globe (FLAG) Falcon Middle East, and FLAG FEA; Australia ; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel; MENA subsea cable came into commercial use in late 2015, augmenting the country's considerable international bandwidth (2017) Medarabtel (2019)
- general assessment:
- one of the biggest fixed-line systems in Africa and the Arab region;
- one of the largest mobile telecom markets in North Africa;
- penetration rate of about 94%;
- LTE launch in late 2017, which greatly helped the capabilities of mobile broadband services, and the beginning of developing the 5G network;
- recent govt. efforts to fund next generation networks, develop technology parks and extend broadband availability (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 9 per 100, mobile-cellular 95 per 100 (2019)
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
general assessment: one of the largest biggest fixed-line systems in Africa and the Arab region; 4 mobile-cellular networks (3 international and 1 local) cover most populated area one of Egypt; Telecom Egypt, the country's only fixed-line operator, is 80% state owned; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; launch largest mobile telecom markets in North Africa; penetration rate of about 94%; LTE launch in late 2017 2017, which greatly helped the capabilities of mobile broadband services services, and will continue the beginning of developing the 5G network; recent govt. efforts to do so for future development (2018) fund next generation networks, develop technology parks and extend broadband availability (2020)
domestic: fixed-line 8 9 per 100, mobile-cellular 101 95 per 100 (2018) (2019)
international: country code - 20; landing point points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
- general assessment:
- with a large urbanized population and effective competition, Egypt has one of the largest fixed-line and mobile telecom markets in North Africa;
- investment has spurred broadband infrastructure and migration to digital economy;
- operator has ambitions for satellite/smart infrastructure based on 5G and fiber networks;
- Egypt’s geographical position enabled inexpensive bandwidth through fiber and cable connection to Europe, Middle East, and Asia;
- rural Internet connections continue to suffer from poor quality and low speeds;
- government disrupted service during political crises (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 9 per 100, mobile-cellular 95 per 100 (2019)
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
general assessment: one of the biggest fixed-line systems in Africa with a large urbanized population and the Arab region; effective competition, Egypt has one of the largest fixed-line and mobile telecom markets in North Africa; penetration rate of about 94%; LTE launch in late 2017, which greatly helped the capabilities of mobile investment has spurred broadband services, infrastructure and the beginning of developing the migration to digital economy; operator has ambitions for satellite/smart infrastructure based on 5G network; recent govt. efforts and fiber networks; Egypt’s geographical position enabled inexpensive bandwidth through fiber and cable connection to fund next generation networks, develop technology parks Europe, Middle East, and extend broadband availability Asia; rural Internet connections continue to suffer from poor quality and low speeds; government disrupted service during political crises (2020)
domestic: fixed-line 9 per 100, mobile-cellular 95 per 100 (2019)
international: country code - 20; landing points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect consequent restriction on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable services as a tool for work and satellite - has moderated school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
- general assessment:
- Egypt’s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 108 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors;
- a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services;
- in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs;
- the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions;
- the country endeavors to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions;
- Egypt’s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa;
- progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum;
- the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021;
- the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered;
- further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital;
- the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position;
- Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems;
- in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal;
- the system will partly use the company’s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks (2022)
- domestic:
- fixed-line roughly 10 per 100, mobile-cellular 93 per 100 (2020)
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Rewritten: too little of the 2021 text remains to mark the changes.
general assessment: Egypt’s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 108 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors; a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services; in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs; the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions; the country endeavors to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions; Egypt’s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa; progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum; the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021; the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered; further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital; the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position; Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems; in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal; the system will partly use the company’s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks (2022)
domestic: fixed-line roughly 10 per 100, mobile-cellular 93 per 100 (2020)
international: country code - 20; landing points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
The same text in 2023 and 2024.
- general assessment:
- Egypt’s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 109 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors;
- a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services;
- in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs;
- the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions;
- the country endeavors to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions;
- Egypt’s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa;
- progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum;
- the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021;
- the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered;
- further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital;
- the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position;
- Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems;
- in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal;
- the system will partly use the company’s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks (2022)
- domestic:
- fixed-line roughly 10 per 100, mobile-cellular 95 per 100 (2021)
- international:
- country code - 20;
- landing points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ;
- satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat);
- tropospheric scatter to Sudan;
- microwave radio relay to Israel;
- a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
general assessment: Egypt’s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 108 109 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors; a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services; in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs; the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions; the country endeavors to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions; Egypt’s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa; progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum; the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021; the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered; further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital; the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position; Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems; in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal; the system will partly use the company’s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks (2022)
domestic: fixed-line roughly 10 per 100, mobile-cellular 93 95 per 100 (2020) (2021)
international: country code - 20; landing points for Aletar, Africa-1, FEA, Hawk, IMEWE, and the SEA-ME-WE-3 & 4 submarine cable networks linking to Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia ; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Egypt: Telecommunication systems.” The World Factbook, 1990–2024 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/egypt/telecommunication-systems.