The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Exchange rates Germany, in 36 editions.
The entry for Germany published Exchange rates in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 32 editions. Each is shown as published. Exchange rates in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 32
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Currency” (1990 to 2004), “Exchange rates” (1990 to 2025), “Currency code” (2001 to 2004) and “Currency (code)” (2005 to 2008).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024Entry published as “Germany, Federal Republic of”.
Published as “Currency”
deutsche mark (plural--marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.6918 (January 1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985)
deutsche mark (plural--marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.6918 (January 1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985)
Published as “Currency”
deutsche mark (plural--marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.5100 (January 1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985)
deutsche mark (plural--marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.6918 US$1--1.5100 (January 1990), 1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985)
Published as “Currency”
deutsche mark (plural - deutsche marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6611 (March 1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987)
deutsche mark (plural--marks); (plural - deutsche marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.5100 (January 1991), US$1 - 1.6611 (March 1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157
(1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985) (1987)
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6158 (January 1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988)
deutsche mark (plural - deutsche marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6611 (March 1992), 1.6158 (January 1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595
(1991), 1.6157(1988), 1.7974 (1987) (1988)
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.7431 (January 1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989)
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6158 1.7431 (January 1993), 1994), 1.6533 (1993),
1.5617 (1992), 1.6595(1989), 1.7562 (1988) (1989)
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.5313 (January 1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990)
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.7431 1.5313 (January 1994), 1995),
1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993),(1990), 1.8800 (1989)
(1990)
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.4617 (January 1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991)
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.5313 1.4617 (January 1995),
1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157(1990) 1.6595 (1991)
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6043 (January 1997), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992)
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.4617 1.6043 (January 1997),1996), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992),1.6595 (1991) (1992)
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1-1.8167 (January 1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993)
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6043 US$1-1.8167 (January 1997), 1998),
1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617(1992) (1993)
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Union introduced a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in some member countries at the rate of 0.8597 euros per US$ and a fixed rate of 1.95583 deutsche marks per euro; the euro will replace the local currency in consenting countries for all transactions in 2002
Rewritten: too little of the 1998 text remains to mark the changes.
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.69 (January 1999),
1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228
(1994)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Union introduced a common
currency that is now being used by financial institutions in some
member countries at the rate of 0.8597 euros per US$ and a fixed
rate of 1.95583 deutsche marks per euro; the euro will replace the
local currency in consenting countries for all transactions in 2002
Published as “Currency”
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
Published as “Exchange rates”
- euros per US$1 -0.9867 (January 2000), 0.9386 (1999);
- deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995)
note: on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in some member countries at a fixed rate of 1.95583 deutsche marks per euro; the euro will replace the local currency in consenting countries for all transactions in 2002
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige
euros per US$1 -0.9867 (January 2000), 0.9386 (1999); deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.69 US$1 - 1.69 (January 1999),(1995), 1.6228 (1995)
(1994)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Union EU introduced a commonthe rate of 0.8597 euros per US$ and a fixed
Published as “Currency”
deutsche mark (DEM); euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in Germany at a fixed rate of 1.95583 deutsche marks per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Published as “Currency code”
DEM; EUR
Published as “Exchange rates”
- euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
- deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996)
1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige(DEM); euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in
euros per US$1 -0.9867 (January 2000), 0.9386 (1999); deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996), 1.4331 (1995)some member countries Germany at a fixed rate of 1.95583 deutsche marks per euro; the euro and will replace the local currency in consenting countries for all transactions in 2002
DEM; EUR
euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996)
Published as “Currency”
euro (EUR); deutsche mark (DEM)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Published as “Currency code”
EUR; DEM
Published as “Exchange rates”
- euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
- deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997)
euro (EUR); deutsche mark (DEM); euro (EUR) (DEM)
note: on 1 January 1999, the EU European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being to be used by financial institutions in Germany at a fixed rate of 1.95583 deutsche marks per member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro and will replace became the local sole currency for all everyday transactions in 2002 within the member countriesDEM; EUR EUR; DEM
euros per US dollar - 1.0659 1.1324 (January 2001), 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997), 1.5048 (1996) (1997)
Published as “Currency”
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Published as “Currency code”
EUR
Published as “Exchange rates”
euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999), 1.76 (1998)
euro (EUR); deutsche mark (DEM) (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countriesEUR; DEM EUR
euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.0854 1.09 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997) 0.94 (1999), 1.76 (1998)
Published as “Currency”
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Published as “Currency code”
EUR
Published as “Exchange rates”
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
EUR
euros per US dollar - 1.06 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.12 1.1175 (2001), 1.09 1.0854 (2000), 0.94 (1999), 1.76 (1998) 0.9386 (1999)
Published as “Currency (code)”
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Published as “Exchange rates”
euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countriesEUReuros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999) (2000)
Published as “Currency (code)”
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Published as “Exchange rates”
euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000) (2001)
Published as “Currency (code)”
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Published as “Exchange rates”
euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001) (2002)
Published as “Currency (code)”
euro (EUR)
Published as “Exchange rates”
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Rewritten: too little of the 2007 text remains to mark the changes.
euro (EUR)
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004)
euro (EUR)euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6827 (2008 est.), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) (2004)
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7715 (2010), 0.7179 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006)
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7715 (2010), 0.7179 (2009), 0.6827 (2008 est.), (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004) (2006)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.755 (2010)
- 0.7198 (2009)
- 0.6827 (2008)
- 0.7345 (2007)
- 0.7964 (2006)
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7715 (2010), 0.7179 (2009),
0.755 (2010)
0.7198 (2009)
0.6827 (2008), (2008)
0.7345 (2007), (2007)
0.7964 (2006)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7838 (2012 est.)
- 0.7185 (2011 est.)
- 755 (2010 est.)
- 0.7198 (2009 est.)
- 0.6827 (2008 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.755 (2010) 0.7838 (2012 est.)0.7198 (2009) 0.7185 (2011 est.)0.6827 (2008) 755 (2010 est.)0.7345 (2007) 0.7198 (2009 est.)0.7964 (2006) 0.6827 (2008 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.78 (2012 est.)
- 0.72 (2011 est.)
- 0.76 (2010 est.)
- 0.72 (2009 est.)
- 0.68 (2008 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.7838 0.78 (2012 est.)0.7185 0.72 (2011 est.)755 0.76 (2010 est.)0.7198 0.72 (2009 est.)0.6827 0.68 (2008 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7634 (2013 est.)
- 0.7752 (2012 est.)
- 0.755 (2010 est.)
- 0.7198 (2009 est.)
- 0.6827 (2008 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.78 (2012 0.7634 (2013 est.)0.72 (2011 0.7752 (2012 est.)0.76 0.755 (2010 est.)0.72 0.7198 (2009 est.)0.68 0.6827 (2008 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7489 (2014 est.)
- 0.7634 (2013 est.)
- 0.78 (2012 est.)
- 0.7185 (2011 est.)
- 0.755 (2010 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7489 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.)0.7752 0.78 (2012 est.)0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.)
0.7198 (20090.6827 (2008 0.755 (2010 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.885 (2015 est.)
- 0.7525 (2014 est.)
- 0.7634 (2013 est.)
- 0.7752 (2012 est.)
- 0.7185 (2011 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.7489 0.885 (2015 est.)
0.7525 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.)0.78 0.7752 (2012 est.)
0.7185 (2011 est.) est.)
0.755 (2010
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.9214 (2016 est.)
- 0.885 (2015 est.)
- 0.885 (2014 est.)
- 0.7634 (2013 est.)
- 0.7752 (2012 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.9214 (2016 est.)
0.885 (2015 est.)0.7525 0.885 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.)
0.7752 (2012 est.) est.)
0.7185 (2011
The same text in 2018 and 2019.
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.885 (2017 est.)
- 0.903 (2016 est.)
- 0.9214 (2015 est.)
- 0.885 (2014 est.)
- 0.7634 (2013 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.9214 0.885 (2017 est.)
0.903 (2016 est.)0.885 0.9214 (2015 est.)
0.885 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.) est.)
0.7752 (2012
The same text in 3 editions, 2020 to 2022.
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.82771 (2020 est.)
- 0.90338 (2019 est.)
- 0.87789 (2018 est.)
- 0.885 (2014 est.)
- 0.7634 (2013 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.885 (2017 0.82771 (2020 est.)0.903 (2016 0.90338 (2019 est.)0.9214 (2015 0.87789 (2018 est.)
0.885 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.845 (2021 est.)
- 0.876 (2020 est.)
- 0.893 (2019 est.)
- 0.847 (2018 est.)
- 0.885 (2017 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -0.82771 0.845 (2021 est.)
0.876 (2020 est.)0.90338 0.893 (2019 est.)0.87789 0.847 (2018 est.)
0.885 (2014 est.) (2017 est.)
0.7634 (2013
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.925 (2023 est.)
- 0.95 (2022 est.)
- 0.845 (2021 est.)
- 0.876 (2020 est.)
- 0.893 (2019 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.925 (2023 est.)
0.95 (2022 est.)
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.876 (2020 est.)
0.893 (2019 est.) est.)
0.847 (2018 est.)
0.885 (2017
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.924 (2024 est.)
- 0.925 (2023 est.)
- 0.95 (2022 est.)
- 0.845 (2021 est.)
- 0.876 (2020 est.)
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.924 (2024 est.)
0.925 (2023 est.)
0.95 (2022 est.)
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.876 (2020 est.) est.)
0.893 (2019
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Germany: Exchange rates.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/germany/exchange-rates.