The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Executive branch Germany, in 35 editions.
The entry for Germany published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 30 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 30
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2000 edition
Changed since 1999Entry published as “Germany, Federal Republic of”.
- president,
- chancellor,
- Cabinet
president, chancellor, Cabinet
- president,
- chancellor,
- Cabinet
president, chancellor, Cabinet
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- chancellor,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984)
- Head of Government:
- Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982) *** No entry for this item ***
Published as “Elections”
- Federal Diet:
- last held 2 December 1990 (next to be held October 1994);
- results - CDU 36.7%, SPD 33.5%, FDP 11.0%, CSU 7.1%, Green Party (West Germany) 3.9%, PDS 2.4%, Republikaner 2.1%, Alliance 90/Green Party (East Germany) 1.2%, other 2.1%;
- seats - (662 total, 656 statutory with special rules to allow for slight expansion) CDU 268, SPD 239, FDP 79, CSU 51, PDS 17, Alliance 90/Green Party (East Germany) 8;
- note - special rules for this election allowed former East German parties to win seats if they received at least 5% of vote in eastern Germany *** No entry for this item ***
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
president, chancellor, Cabinet
Chief of State:
President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984)
Head of Government:
Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
*** No entry for this item ***
Federal Diet:
last held 2 December 1990 (next to be held October 1994); results - CDU
36.7%, SPD 33.5%, FDP 11.0%, CSU 7.1%, Green Party (West Germany) 3.9%, PDS
2.4%, Republikaner 2.1%, Alliance 90/Green Party (East Germany) 1.2%, other
2.1%; seats - (662 total, 656 statutory with special rules to allow for
slight expansion) CDU 268, SPD 239, FDP 79, CSU 51, PDS 17, Alliance
90/Green Party (East Germany) 8; note - special rules for this election
allowed former East German parties to win seats if they received at least 5%
of vote in eastern Germany
*** No entry for this item ***
Published as “Elections”
- Federal Diet:
- last held 2 December 1990 (next to be held October 1994);
- results - CDU 36.7%, SPD 33.5%, FDP 11.0%, CSU 7.1%, Green Party (West Germany) 3.9%, PDS 2.4%, Republikaner 2.1%, Alliance 90/Green Party (East Germany) 1.2%, other 2.1%;
- seats - (662 total, 656 statutory with special rules to allow for slight expansion) CDU 268, SPD 239, FDP 79, CSU 51, PDS 17, Alliance 90/Green Party (East Germany) 8;
- note - special rules for this election allowed former East German parties to win seats if they received at least 5% of vote in eastern Germany
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- chancellor,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984)
- Head of Government:
- Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
president, chancellor, CabinetFederal Diet:
Chief of State:
President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984)
Head of Government:
Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
*** No entry for this item ***
36.7%, SPD 33.5%, FDP 11.0%, CSU 7.1%, Green Party (West Germany) 3.9%, PDS
2.4%, Republikaner 2.1%, Alliance 90/Green Party (East Germany) 1.2%, other
2.1%; seats - (662 total, 656 statutory with special rules to allow for
slight expansion) CDU 268, SPD 239, FDP 79, CSU 51, PDS 17, Alliance
90/Green Party (East Germany) 8; note - special rules for this election
allowed former East German parties to win seats if they received at least 5%
of vote in eastern Germany*** No entry for this item *** president, chancellor, Cabinet
Chief of State:
President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984)
Head of Government:
Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
The entry for Germany did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet; appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
head of government: Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president upon the proposal of the
chancellor
- chief of state:
- President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994) was elected by the Federal Convention including members of the Bundestag and an equal number of members elected by the Land Parliaments
- head of government:
- Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982) was elected by an absolute majority of the Bundestag
- cabinet:
- Cabinet was appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor
chief of state: President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994) was
elected by the Federal Convention including members of the Bundestag
and an equal number of members elected by the Land Parliaments
head of government: Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October
1982) was elected by an absolute majority of the Bundestag
cabinet: Cabinet; Cabinet was appointed by the president upon the proposal of the
the chancellor
- chief of state :
- President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected by the Federal Convention including members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of members elected by the Land Parliaments for a five-year term;
- election last held 23 May 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1998)
- election results:
- Roman HERZOG elected president;
- percent of Federal Convention vote - NA;
- Dr. Helmut KOHL reelected chancellor;
- percent of Federal Assembly - NA
Rewritten: too little of the 1996 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state : President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
head of government: Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president upon the proposal of the
chancellor
elections: president elected by the Federal Convention including
members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of members elected
by the Land Parliaments for a five-year term; election last held 23
May 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); chancellor elected by an absolute
majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last
held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1998)
election results: Roman HERZOG elected president; percent of Federal
Convention vote - NA; Dr. Helmut KOHL reelected chancellor; percent of
Federal Assembly - NA
- chief of state:
- President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected by the Federal Convention including members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of members elected by the Land Parliaments for a five-year term;
- election last held 23 May 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held 27 September 1998)
- election results:
- Roman HERZOG elected president;
- percent of Federal Convention vote - NA;
- Dr. Helmut KOHL reelected chancellor;
- percent of Federal Assembly-NA
chief of state : state: President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
head of government: Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president upon the proposal of the
chancellor
elections: president elected by the Federal Convention including
members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of members elected
by the Land Parliaments for a five-year term; election last held 23
May 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); chancellor elected by an absolute
majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last
held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 27 September 1998)
election results: Roman HERZOG elected president; percent of Federal
Convention vote - NA; Dr. Helmut KOHL reelected chancellor; percent of
Federal Assembly - NA Assembly-NA
- chief of state:
- President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the Land Parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 1994 (next to be held 23 May 1999);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held in the fall of 2002)
- election results:
- Roman HERZOG elected president;
- percent of Federal Convention vote--52.6%;
- Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor;
- percent of Federal Assembly--52.8%
chief of state: President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)
head of government: Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 4 27 October 1982)
1998)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president upon the proposal of the
chancellor
elections: president elected for a five-year term by the a Federal
Convention including
equal number of members delegates electedParliaments for a five-year term; Parliaments; election
last held 23NA 23 May 1999); chancellor
elected by an absolute
four-year term; election last16 October 1994 27 September 1998 (next to be
held 27 September 1998) in the fall of 2002)
election results: Roman HERZOG elected president; percent of Federal
Convention vote - NA; Dr. Helmut KOHL reelected vote--52.6%; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; percent of
of Federal Assembly-NA Assembly--52.8%
- chief of state:
- President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundeskanzler appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the Land Parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held in the fall of 2002)
- election results:
- Johannes RAU elected president;
- percent of Federal Convention vote - 57.6%;
- Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor;
- percent of Federal Assembly - 52.7%
chief of state: President Roman HERZOG Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1994) 1999)
head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundeskanzler appointed by the president upon on the proposal recommendation of the
elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal1994 1999 (next to be held 23 May 1999); 2004); chancellor
election results: Roman HERZOG Johannes RAU elected president; percent of Federalvote--52.6%; vote - 57.6%; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; percentAssembly--52.8% Assembly - 52.7%
- chief of state:
- President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999) head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998) cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held in the fall of 2002) election results: Johannes RAU elected president; percent of Federal Convention vote - 57.6%; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; percent of Federal Assembly - 52.7%
chief of state: President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999)Bundeskanzler Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellorLand Parliaments; state parliaments; election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held in the fall of 2002)
- chief of state:
- President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- election results:
- Johannes RAU elected president;
- percent of Federal Convention vote - 57.6%;
- Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor;
- percent of Federal Assembly vote NA%
chief of state: President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999) head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998) cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 27 22 September 1998 2002 (next to be held in NA September 2006)
head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the fall president on the recommendation of 2002) the chancellor
election results: Johannes RAU elected president; percent of Federal Convention vote - 57.6%; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; percent of Federal Assembly - 52.7% vote NA%
- chief of state:
- President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- election results:
- Johannes RAU elected president;
- percent of Federal Convention vote - 57.6%;
- Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor;
- percent of Federal Assembly vote 50.7%
chief of state: President Johannes RAU (since 1 July 1999)
elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 1999 (next to be held 23 May 2004); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)
head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
election results: Johannes RAU elected president; percent of Federal Convention vote - 57.6%; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; percent of Federal Assembly vote NA% 50.7%
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
- chief of state:
- President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998); Vice Chancellor Joschka FISCHER (since 17 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2009);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held September 2006)
- election results:
- Horst KOEHLER elected president;
- received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN;
- Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor;
- percent of Federal Assembly vote 50.7%
chief of state: President Johannes RAU Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 1999) 2004)
head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998); Vice Chancellor Joschka FISCHER (since 17 October 1998)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 1999 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2004); 2009); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998)election results:
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellorJohannes RAU Horst KOEHLER elected president; percent received 604 votes of the Federal Convention vote - 57.6%; against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN; Gerhard SCHROEDER elected chancellor; percent of Federal Assembly vote 50.7%
- chief of state:
- President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2009);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- election last held 22 November 2005 (next to be held November 2009)
- election results:
- Horst KOEHLER elected president;
- received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN;
- Angela MERKEL elected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
chief of state: President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
head of government: Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (since 27 October 1998); Vice Chancellor Joschka FISCHER Angela MERKEL (since 17 October 1998) 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
elections: president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2009); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 22 September 2002 November 2005 (next to be held September 2006) November 2009)
election results: Horst KOEHLER elected president; received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN; Gerhard SCHROEDER Angela MERKEL elected chancellor; percent of vote by Federal Assembly vote 50.7% 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2009);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- Bundestag election last held 22 November 2005 (next to be held in November 2009)
- election results:
- Horst KOEHLER elected president;
- received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN;
- Angela MERKEL elected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
chief of state: President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
elections: president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2009); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; Bundestag election last held 22 November 2005 (next to be held in November 2009)
election results: Horst KOEHLER elected president; received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN; Angela MERKEL elected chancellor; vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 2004 (next scheduled for 23 May 2009);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- Bundestag vote for Chancellor last held 22 November 2005 (next will follow the national elections to be held by autumn 2009)
- election results:
- Horst KOEHLER elected president;
- received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN;
- Angela MERKEL elected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
chief of state: President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
elections: president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held scheduled for 23 May 2009); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; Bundestag election vote for Chancellor last held 22 November 2005 (next will follow the national elections to be held in November by autumn 2009)
election results: Horst KOEHLER elected president; received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN; Angela MERKEL elected chancellor; vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held 23 May 2004 (next scheduled for 23 May 2009);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term;
- Bundestag vote for Chancellor last held 22 November 2005 (next will follow the national elections to be held by 27 September 2009)
- election results:
- Horst KOEHLER elected president;
- received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN;
- Angela MERKEL elected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
chief of state:
President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
head of government:
Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
elections:
president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 2004 (next scheduled for 23 May 2009); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; Bundestag vote for Chancellor last held 22 November 2005 (next will follow the national elections to be held by autumn 27 September 2009)
election results:
Horst KOEHLER elected president; received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN; Angela MERKEL elected chancellor; vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
- chief of state:
- President Christian WULFF (since 30 June 2010)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Assembly, including all members of the Federal Diet and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held on 30 June 2010 (next to be held by June 2015);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Diet for a four-year term;
- Bundestag vote for Chancellor last held after 27 September 2009 (next to follow the legislative election to be held no later than 2013)
- election results:
- Christian WULFF elected president;
- received 625 votes of the Federal Assembly against 494 for GAUCK and 121 abstentions;
- Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Diet 323 to 285 with four abstentions
chief of state:
President Horst KOEHLER Christian WULFF (since 1 July 2004) 30 June 2010)
head of government:
Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, Assembly, including all members of the Federal Assembly Diet and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 2004 on 30 June 2010 (next scheduled for 23 May 2009); to be held by June 2015); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly Diet for a four-year term; Bundestag vote for Chancellor last held 22 November 2005 after 27 September 2009 (next will to follow the national elections legislative election to be held by 27 September 2009) no later than 2013)
election results:Horst KOEHLER Christian WULFF elected president; received 604 625 votes of the Federal Convention Assembly against 589 494 for Gesine SCHWAN; GAUCK and 121 abstentions; Angela MERKEL elected reelected chancellor; vote by Federal Assembly 397 Diet 323 to 202 285 with 12 four abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Parliament for a four-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held after 27 September 2009 (next to be held 2013)
- election results:
- Joachim GAUCK elected president;
- received 991 votes of the Federal Convention against 126 for Beate KLARSFELD and 3 for Olaf ROSE;
- Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Parliament 323 to 285 with four abstentions
chief of state:
President Christian WULFF Joachim GAUCK (since 30 June 2010) 23 March 2012)
head of government:
Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Assembly, Convention, including all members of the Federal Diet Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 30 June 2010 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2015); 2017); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Diet Parliament for a four-year term; Bundestag Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held after 27 September 2009 (next to follow the legislative election to be held no later than 2013)
election results:Christian WULFF Joachim GAUCK elected president; received 625 991 votes of the Federal Assembly Convention against 494 126 for GAUCK Beate KLARSFELD and 121 abstentions; 3 for Olaf ROSE; Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor; vote by Federal Diet Parliament 323 to 285 with four abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Parliament for a four-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held after 22 September 2013 (next to be held September 2017)
- election results:
- Joachim GAUCK elected president;
- received 991 votes of the Federal Convention against 126 for Beate KLARSFELD and 3 for Olaf ROSE;
- Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Parliament 323 to 285 with four abstentions
chief of state:
President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
head of government:
Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Parliament for a four-year term; Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held after 27 22 September 2009 2013 (next to be held 2013) September 2017)
election results:
Joachim GAUCK elected president; received 991 votes of the Federal Convention against 126 for Beate KLARSFELD and 3 for Olaf ROSE; Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor; vote by Federal Parliament 323 to 285 with four abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017);
- chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Parliament for a four-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held after the September 2017 elections)
- election results:
- Joachim GAUCK elected president;
- received 991 votes of the Federal Convention against 126 for Beate KLARSFELD and 3 for Olaf ROSE;
- Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor;
- vote by Federal Parliament 462 to 150 with four abstentions
chief of state:
President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
head of government:
Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet:
Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Parliament for a four-year term; Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor last held after 22 September on 17 December 2013 (next to be held after the September 2017) 2017 elections)
election results:
Joachim GAUCK elected president; received 991 votes of the Federal Convention against 126 for Beate KLARSFELD and 3 for Olaf ROSE; Angela MERKEL reelected chancellor; vote by Federal Parliament 323 462 to 285 150 with four abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017);
- chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the September 2017 general election)
- election results:
- Joachim GAUCK elected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE (National People's Union) 3;
- Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 4 abstentions
chief of state:
head of government:
cabinet:on the recommendation of the chancellor(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president indirectly elected for a
elections:five-year 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equal number of 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor indirectly elected by an absolute majority of by the Federal Parliament for a four-year 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for Chancellor chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held after following the September 2017 elections) general election)
election results:received 991 votes of the Federal Convention against 126 for vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD and 3 for (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE; ROSE (National People's Union) 3; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; vote by Federal Parliament vote - 462 to for, 150 with four against, 4 abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017);
- chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the general election, no later than autumn 2017)
- election results:
- Joachim GAUCK elected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE (National People's Union) 3;
- Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 49 abstentions
chief of state: President Joachim GAUCK (since 23 March 2012)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 February 2012 (next to be held by June 2017); chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the September 2017 general election) election, no later than autumn 2017)
election results: Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE (National People's Union) 3; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 4 49 abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017; inaugurated 22 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held February 2022);
- chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the general election, 24 September 2017)
- election results:
- Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10;
- Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 49 abstentions
chief of state: President Joachim GAUCK Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 23 19 March 2012) 2017; inaugurated 22 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; election last held on 19 12 February 2012 2017 (next to be held by June 2017); February 2022); chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by the Federal Parliament for a 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 (next to be held following the general election, no later than autumn 24 September 2017)
election results: Joachim GAUCK Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (independent) 991, Beate KLARSFELD (independent) 126, Olaf ROSE (National People's Union) 3; Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 49 abstentions
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held in February 2022);
- following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor (Angela Merkel since 2005) and appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 14 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
- election results:
- Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10;
- Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 364 to 315
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017; inaugurated 22 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the 630-member Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and 630 an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held in February 2022); chancellor indirectly elected by absolute majority by following the most recent Federal Parliament for election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor (Angela Merkel since 2005) and appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 17 December 2013 14 March 2018 (next to be held following the general election, 24 September 2017) in 2023)
election results: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 462 for, 150 against, 49 abstentions 364 to 315
The same text in 2019 and 2020.
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held in February 2022);
- following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor (Angela Merkel since 2005) and appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 14 March 2018 (next to be held after the Bundestag elections in 2021)
- election results:
- Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10;
- Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 364 to 315
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held in February 2022); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor (Angela Merkel since 2005) and appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 14 March 2018 (next to be held after the Bundestag elections in 2023) 2021)
election results: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 364 to 315
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ (since 8 December 2021)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held in February 2022);
- following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag election in 2025)
- election results:
- Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10;
- Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 303
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL Olaf SCHOLZ (since 22 November 2005) 8 December 2021)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 February 2017 (next to be held in February 2022); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor (Angela Merkel since 2005) and who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 14 March 2018 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag elections election in 2021) 2025)
election results: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10; Angela MERKEL (CDU) reelected Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 364 395 to 315 303
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ (since 8 December 2021)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 13 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2027);
- following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag election in 2025)
- election results:
- 2017: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86;
- Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 303
2012: Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (Independent) 911, Beate KLARSFELD (The Left) 126, Olaf ROSE 3
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ (since 8 December 2021)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 13 February 2017 2022 (next to be held in February 2022); 2027); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag election in 2025)
election results: 2017: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected reelected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher BUTTERWEGGE 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 128, Albrecht GLASER (Alternative for Germany AfD) 42, Alexander HOLD (BVB/FW) 25, Engelbert SONNEBORN (Pirates) 10; 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86; Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 303
2012: Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (Independent) 911, Beate KLARSFELD (The Left) 126, Olaf ROSE 3
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ (since 8 December 2021)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 13 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2027);
- following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag election in 2025)
- election results:
- 2017: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86;
- Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor;
- Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 303
2012: Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (Independent) 911, Beate KLARSFELD (The Left) 126, Olaf ROSE 3
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ (since 8 December 2021)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2027); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag election in 2025)
election results:
2017: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86; Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 303
2012: Joachim GAUCK elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (Independent) 911, Beate KLARSFELD (The Left) 126, Olaf ROSE 3
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ (since 8 December 2021)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 13 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2027);
- following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term;
- Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag election on 23 February 2025)
- election results:
- 2022: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86
2021 : Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 303
- 2017: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher Butterwegge (independent) 128, abstentions 103
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ (since 8 December 2021)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2027); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag election in on 23 February 2025)
election results:2017: 2022: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86; 86
2021 : Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 3032012: Joachim GAUCK 2017: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Joachim GAUCK (Independent) 911, Beate KLARSFELD (The Left) 126, Olaf ROSE 3 Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher Butterwegge (independent) 128, abstentions 103
- chief of state:
- President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
- head of government:
- Chancellor Friedrich MERZ (since 6 May 2025)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the president
- election/appointment process:
- president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor, who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term
- most recent election date:
- president: 13 February 2022
- chancellor:
- 6 May 2025
- election results:
2025: Friedrich MERZ (CDU) elected chancellor in second round; Federal Parliament vote - 325 to 289
- 2022: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president;
- Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 86
- expected date of next election:
- president: February 2027
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017)
head of government: Chancellor Olaf SCHOLZ Friedrich MERZ (since 8 December 2021) 6 May 2025)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) recommended by the chancellor, appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by a Federal Convention consisting of all members of the Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and an equivalent number of delegates indirectly elected by the state parliaments; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2027); following the most recent Federal Parliament election, the party or coalition with the most representatives usually elects the chancellor chancellor, who is appointed by the president to serve a renewable 4-year term; Federal Parliament vote for chancellor last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held after the Bundestag term
most recent election on 23 date: president: 13 February 2025) 2022
chancellor: 6 May 2025
election results:
2025: Friedrich MERZ (CDU) elected chancellor in second round; Federal Parliament vote - 325 to 289
2022: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 1,045, Max OTTE (CDU) 140, Gerhard TRABERT (The Left) 96, Stefanie GEBAUER (Free Voters) 58, abstentions 862021 : Olaf SCHOLZ (SPD) elected chancellor; Federal Parliament vote - 395 to 303 expected date of next election: president: February 2027
2017: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER elected president; Federal Convention vote count - Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (SPD) 931, Christopher Butterwegge (independent) 128, abstentions 103
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Germany: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/germany/executive-branch.