The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Legislative branch Germany, in 36 editions.
The entry for Germany published Legislative branch in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 32 editions. Each is shown as published. Legislative branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 32
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Legislative branch” (1990 to 2025), “Federal Assembly (Bundestag)” (1994 to 1996), “Federal Council (Bundesrat)” (1994 to 1996) and “Soviet Union, two German states were formed in 1949” (1999).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Rewritten since 2024Entry published as “Germany, Federal Republic of”.
bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consists of an upper chamber or Federal Assembly (Bundesrat) and a lower chamber or National Assembly (Bundestag)
bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consists of an upper chamber or Federal Assembly (Bundesrat) and a lower chamber or National Assembly (Bundestag)
- bicameral parliament (no official name for the two chambers as a whole) consists of an upper chamber or Federal Council (Bundesrat) and a lower chamber or Federal Diet (Bundestag) Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) Chief of State--President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984);
- Head of Government--Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982) Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Helmut KOHL, chairman;
- Christian Social Union (CSU), Theo WAIGEL;
- Free Democratic Party (FDP), Otto Count LAMBSDORFF, chairman;
- Social Democratic Party (SPD), Bjoern ENGHOLM, chairman;
- Green Party--Volmer LUDGER, Christine WEISKE, co-chairmen (after the 2 December 1990 election the East and West German Green Parties united);
- Alliance 90 includes three parties--New Forum, Jens REICH, Sebastian PFLUGBEIL, spokespersons;
- Democracy Now, Konrad WEISS, spokesperson;
- and Initiative, Peace, and Human Rights Party, Gerd POPPE;
- Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS, formerly the East German Communist Party), Gregor GYSI, chairman;
- Republikaner, Franz SCHONHUBER;
- National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin MUSSGNUG;
- Communist Party (DKP), Herbert MIES
Rewritten: too little of the 1990 text remains to mark the changes.
bicameral parliament (no official name for the two chambers as a whole) consists of an upper chamber or Federal Council (Bundesrat) and a lower chamber or Federal Diet (Bundestag) Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) Chief of State--President Dr. Richard von WEIZSACKER (since 1 July 1984); Head of Government--Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982) Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Helmut KOHL, chairman; Christian Social Union (CSU), Theo WAIGEL; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Otto Count LAMBSDORFF, chairman; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Bjoern ENGHOLM, chairman; Green Party--Volmer LUDGER, Christine WEISKE, co-chairmen (after the 2 December 1990 election the East and West German Green Parties united); Alliance 90 includes three parties--New Forum, Jens REICH, Sebastian PFLUGBEIL, spokespersons; Democracy Now, Konrad WEISS, spokesperson; and Initiative, Peace, and Human Rights Party, Gerd POPPE; Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS, formerly the East German Communist Party), Gregor GYSI, chairman; Republikaner, Franz SCHONHUBER; National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin MUSSGNUG; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert MIES
The same text in 1992 and 1993.
bicameral parliament (no official name for the two chambers as a whole) consists of an upper chamber or Federal Council (Bundesrat) and a lower chamber or Federal Diet (Bundestag)
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
bicameral parliament (no official name for the two chambers as a whole)
consists of an upper chamber or Federal Council (Bundesrat) and a lower
chamber or Federal Diet (Bundestag)
Published as “Legislative branch”
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole)
Published as “Federal Assembly (Bundestag)”
- last held 2 December 1990 (next to be held by 16 October 1994);
- results - CDU 36.7%, SPD 33.5%, FDP 11.0%, CSU 7.1%, Green Party (West Germany) 3.9%, PDS 2.4%, Republikaner 2.1%, Alliance 90/Green Party (East Germany) 1.2%, other 2.1%;
- seats - (662 total) CDU 268, CSU 51, SPD 239, FDP 79, PDS 17, Greens/Alliance '90 8;
- elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation;
- a party must win 5% of the national vote or 3 direct mandates to gain representation
Published as “Federal Council (Bundesrat)”
- State governments are directly represented by votes;
- each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and are required to vote as a block;
- current
- composition:
- votes - (68 total) SPD-led states 37, CDU-led states 31
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole)
last held 2 December 1990 (next to be held by 16 October 1994);
results - CDU 36.7%, SPD 33.5%, FDP 11.0%, CSU 7.1%, Green Party (West
Germany) 3.9%, PDS 2.4%, Republikaner 2.1%, Alliance 90/Green Party
(East Germany) 1.2%, other 2.1%; seats - (662 total) CDU 268, CSU 51,
SPD 239, FDP 79, PDS 17, Greens/Alliance '90 8; elected by direct
popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional
representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or 3 direct
mandates to gain representation
State governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6
votes depending on size and are required to vote as a block; current
composition: votes - (68 total) SPD-led states 37, CDU-led states 31
Published as “Legislative branch”
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole)
Published as “Federal Assembly (Bundestag)”
- last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held by NA 1998);
- results - CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9% ;
- seats - (662 total, but number can vary) CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30;
- elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation;
- a party must win 5% of the national vote or 3 direct mandates to gain representation
Published as “Federal Council (Bundesrat)”
- State governments are directly represented by votes;
- each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and are required to vote as a block;
- current composition: votes - (68 total) SPD-led states 37, CDU-led states 31
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two
chambers as a whole)
last held 2 December 1990 16 October 1994 (next to be
held by 16 October 1994);NA 1998); results - CDU 36.7%, 34.2%, SPD 33.5%, FDP 11.0%, CSU 7.1%, Green Party (West 36.4%, Alliance
Germany) 3.9%, PDS 2.4%, Republikaner 2.1%,90/Green Party 90/Greens(East Germany) 1.2%, other 2.1%; 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9% ; seats - (662 total) CDU 268, CSU 51,
total, but number can vary) CDU 244, SPD 239, 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49,
CSU 50, FDP 79, 47, PDS 17, Greens/Alliance '90 8; 30; elected by direct
combining direct and proportional
of the national vote or 3 direct
State governments are directly
represented by votes; each has 3 to 6
required to vote as a block; current
SPD-led states 37, CDU-led states 31
Published as “Legislative branch”
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole)
Published as “Federal Assembly (Bundestag)”
- election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held by NA 1998);
- results - CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9%;
- seats - (usually 656 total, but 672 for the 1994 term) CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30;
- elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation;
- a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation
Published as “Federal Council (Bundesrat)”
- State governments are directly represented by votes;
- each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and are required to vote as a block;
- current composition: votes - (68 total) SPD-led states 41, CDU-led states 27
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two
two chambers as a whole)
election last held 16 October 1994
(next to be
Alliance 90/Greens1.9% ;
1.9%; seats - (662(usually 656 total, but number can vary) 672 for the 1994 term) CDU
244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49,
by direct popular vote under a system
proportional representation; a party must win 5%
vote or 3 three direct mandates to gain representation
State governments are directly
represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and are
are required to vote as a block; current composition: votes - (68 total)
total) SPD-led states 37, 41, CDU-led states 31 27
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole) consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 672 for the 1994 term; elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (68 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held by NA 1998); Federal Council - last held NA ( next to be held NA)
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9%;
- seats by party - CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30;
- Federal Council - current composition - votes by party - SPD-led states 41, CDU-led states 27
bicameral chamber (no official name for the
chambers as a whole)
election last held 16 October 1994
(next to be held by NA 1998); results - CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%,
Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans1.9%; (656 seats - (usually 656 total, usually, but 672 for the 1994 term) CDU term; elected
244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30;
popular vote under a system combining direct and
representation; a party must win 5% of the national
direct mandates to gain representation representation; members serve four-year terms)State and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (68 votes; state governments are directly
directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and
population and are required to vote as a block; block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 16 October 1994 (next to be
held by NA 1998); Federal Council - last held NA ( next to be held NA)
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU
34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS
4.4%, Republicans 1.9%; seats by party - CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance
90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30; Federal Council - current composition:
composition - votes by party - (68 SPD-led states 41, CDU-led states 27
total)
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole) consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 672 for the 1994 term; elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (68 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block; term is not fixed)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly-last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held by 27 September 1998); Federal Council-last held NA (next to be held NA)
- election results:
- Federal Assembly-percent of vote by party-CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9%;
- seats by party-CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30;
- note-one Greens member defected to the CDU making the seat count CDU 245, Alliance 90/Greens 48;
- Federal Council-current composition-votes by party - SPD-led states 41, CDU-led states 27
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two
chambers as a whole) consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag
(656 seats usually, but 672 for the 1994 term; elected by direct
popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional
representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three
direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms)
and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (68 votes; state governments are
directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on
population and are required to vote as a block) block; term is not fixed)
elections: Federal Assembly - last Assembly-last held 16 October 1994 (next to be
by NA 27 September 1998); Federal Council - last Council-last held NA ( next (next to be held
NA)
election results: Federal Assembly - percent Assembly-percent of vote by party - CDUparty-CDU 34.2%,
SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS
Republicans 1.9%; seats by party - CDU party-CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance
49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30; note-one Greens member defected to the CDU
making the seat count CDU 245, Alliance 90/Greens 48; Federal Council - currentcomposition - votes Council-current composition-votes by party - SPD-led states 41,
CDU-led states 27
Published as “Soviet Union, two German states were formed in 1949”
the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The newly democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EU and NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War cleared the path for the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German re-unification in 1990.
Germany has expended considerable funds--roughly $100 billion a year--in subsequent years working to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards, with mixed results. Unemployment--which in the east is nearly double that in the west--has grown over the last several years, primarily as a result of structural problems like an inflexible labor market. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other members of the EU formed a common European currency, the euro, and the German government is now looking toward reform of the EU budget and enlargement of the Union into Central Europe.
Published as “Legislative branch”
bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole) consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly--last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by the fall of 2002);
- note--there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly--percent of vote by party--SPD 40.9%, Alliance 90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%;
- seats by party--SPD 298, Alliance 90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43, PDS 36;
- Federal Council--current composition--votes by party--SPD-led states 45, CDU-led states 24
Rewritten: too little of the 1998 text remains to mark the changes.
the western
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic
Republic (GDR). The newly democratic FRG embedded itself in key
Western economic and security organizations, the EU and NATO, while
the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw
Pact. The decline of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War
cleared the path for the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German
re-unification in 1990. Germany has expended considerable
funds--roughly $100 billion a year--in subsequent years working to
bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards, with
mixed results. Unemployment--which in the east is nearly double that
in the west--has grown over the last several years, primarily as a
result of structural problems like an inflexible labor market. In
January 1999, Germany and 10 other members of the EU formed a common
European currency, the euro, and the German government is now
looking toward reform of the EU budget and enlargement of the Union
into Central Europe.
bicameral chamber (no official name for the
two chambers as a whole) consists of the Federal Assembly or
Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; elected by
popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional
representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three
direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year
terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state
governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes
depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly--last held 27 September 1998 (next to be
held by the fall of 2002); note--there are no elections for the
Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the
state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the
potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly--percent of vote by party--SPD
40.9%, Alliance 90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%;
seats by party--SPD 298, Alliance 90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43,
PDS 36; Federal Council--current composition--votes by party--SPD-led
states 45, CDU-led states 24
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by the fall of 2002);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 40.9%, Alliance '90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%;
- seats by party - SPD 298, Alliance '90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43, PDS 36;
- Federal Council - current composition - votes by party - SPD-led states 26, CDU-led states 28, grand coalitions 15
the westernbicameral
Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic
Republic (GDR). The newly democratic FRG embedded itself in key
Western economic and security organizations, the EU and NATO, while
the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw
Pact. The decline of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War
cleared the path for the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German
re-unification in 1990. Germany has expended considerable
funds--roughly $100 billion a year--in subsequent years working to
bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards, with
mixed results. Unemployment--which in the east is nearly double that
in the west--has grown over the last several years, primarily as a
result of structural problems like an inflexible labor market. In
January 1999, Germany and 10 other members of the EU formed a common
European currency, the euro, and the German government is now
looking toward reform of the EU budget and enlargement of the Union
into Central Europe.chamber (no official name for the Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or
two chambers as a whole)
elections: Federal Assembly--last Assembly - last held 27 September 1998 (next to benote--there note - there are no elections for the
election results: Federal Assembly--percent Assembly - percent of vote by party--SPDparty - SPD 40.9%, Alliance 90/Greens '90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%;party--SPD party - SPD 298, Alliance 90/Greens '90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43,Council--current composition--votes Council - current composition - votes by party--SPD-ledparty - SPD-led states 45, 26, CDU-led states 24 28, grand coalitions 15
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block) elections: Federal Assembly - last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by the fall of 2002); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 40.9%, Alliance '90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%; seats by party - SPD 298, Alliance '90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43, PDS 36; Federal Council - current composition - votes by party - SPD-led states 26, CDU-led states 28, grand coalitions 15
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (603 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 38.5%, CDU/CSU 38.5%, Greens 8.6%, FDP 7.4%, PDS 4%;
- seats by party - SPD 251, CDU/CSU 248, Greens 55, FDP 47, PDS 2;
- Federal Council - current composition - NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term; (603 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 27 22 September 1998 2002 (next to be held by the fall of 2002); NA September 2006); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 40.9%, Alliance '90/Greens 6.7%, 38.5%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, 38.5%, Greens 8.6%, FDP 6.2%, 7.4%, PDS 5.1%; 4%; seats by party - SPD 298, Alliance '90/Greens 47, 251, CDU/CSU 245, 248, Greens 55, FDP 43, 47, PDS 36; 2; Federal Council - current composition - votes by party - SPD-led states 26, CDU-led states 28, grand coalitions 15 NA
bicameral Parliament or parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (603 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 38.5%, CDU/CSU 38.5%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.6%, FDP 7.4%, PDS 4%;
- seats by party - SPD 251, CDU/CSU 248, Alliance '90/Greens 55, FDP 47, PDS 2;
- Federal Council - current composition - NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (603 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 38.5%, CDU/CSU 38.5%, Greens Alliance '90/Greens 8.6%, FDP 7.4%, PDS 4%; seats by party - SPD 251, CDU/CSU 248, Greens Alliance '90/Greens 55, FDP 47, PDS 2; Federal Council - current composition - NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (603 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 38.5%, CDU/CSU 38.5%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.6%, FDP 7.4%, PDS 4%;
- seats by party - SPD 251, CDU/CSU 248, Alliance '90/Greens 55, FDP 47, PDS 2;
- Federal Council - current composition - NA
bicameral Parliament or parlament Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (603 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 22 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 38.5%, CDU/CSU 38.5%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.6%, FDP 7.4%, PDS 4%; seats by party - SPD 251, CDU/CSU 248, Alliance '90/Greens 55, FDP 47, PDS 2; Federal Council - current composition - NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (613 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held 18 September 2005 (next to be held September 2009);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 54, Greens 51;
- Federal Council - current composition - NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (603 (613 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 22 18 September 2002 2005 (next to be held NA September 2006); 2009); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 38.5%, CDU/CSU 38.5%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.6%, 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 7.4%, PDS 4%; 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%; seats by party - SPD 251, CDU/CSU 248, Alliance '90/Greens 55, 225, SPD 222, FDP 47, PDS 2; 61, Left 54, Greens 51; Federal Council - current composition - NA
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (613 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held 18 September 2005 (next to be held September 2009);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 54, Greens 51
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (613 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 three to 6 six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 18 September 2005 (next to be held September 2009); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 54, Greens 51; Federal Council - current composition - NA 51
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (614 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition; to serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Federal Assembly - last held on 18 September 2005 (next to be held in September 2009);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%, other 3.9%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 53, Greens 51, and independents 2
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (613 (614 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members proportional representation and caucus recognition; to serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held on 18 September 2005 (next to be held in September 2009); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%; 8.1%, other 3.9%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 54, 53, Greens 51 51, and independents 2
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (614 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition; to serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 18 September 2005 (next to be held no later than autumn 2009);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%, other 3.9%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 53, Greens 51, independents 2
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (614 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition; to serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly Bundestag - last held on 18 September 2005 (next to be held in September no later than autumn 2009); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%, other 3.9%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 53, Greens 51, and independents 2
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and are required to vote as a block)and the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (622 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 27 September 2009 (next to be held no later than autumn 2013);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33.8%, SPD 23%, FDP 14.6%, Left 11.9%, Greens 10.7%, other 6%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 239, SPD 146, FDP 93, Left 76, Greens 68
bicameral Parliament or Parlament legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and are required to vote as a block)and the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (614 (622 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system combining direct and of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition; to serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block) recognition)
elections:
Bundestag - last held on 18 27 September 2005 2009 (next to be held no later than autumn 2009); 2013); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results:
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, 33.8%, SPD 34.3%, 23%, FDP 9.8%, 14.6%, Left 8.7%, 11.9%, Greens 8.1%, 10.7%, other 3.9%; 6%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, 239, SPD 222, 146, FDP 61, 93, Left 53, 76, Greens 51, independents 2 68
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Diet or Bundestag (622 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 27 September 2009 (next to be held no later than autumn 2013);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33.8%, SPD 23%, FDP 14.6%, Left 11.9%, Greens 10.7%, other 6%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 239, SPD 146, FDP 93, Left 76, Greens 68
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and are is required to vote as a block)and block) and the Federal Assembly Diet or Bundestag (622 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
elections:
Bundestag - last held on 27 September 2009 (next to be held no later than autumn 2013); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results:
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33.8%, SPD 23%, FDP 14.6%, Left 11.9%, Greens 10.7%, other 6%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 239, SPD 146, FDP 93, Left 76, Greens 68
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Parliament or Bundestag (622 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 27 September 2009 (next to be held no later than autumn 2013);
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33.8%, SPD 23%, FDP 14.6%, Left 11.9%, Greens 10.7%, other 6%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 239, SPD 146, FDP 93, Left 76, Greens 68
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Diet Parliament or Bundestag (622 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
elections:
Bundestag - last held on 27 September 2009 (next to be held no later than autumn 2013); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results:
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33.8%, SPD 23%, FDP 14.6%, Left 11.9%, Greens 10.7%, other 6%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 239, SPD 146, FDP 93, Left 76, Greens 68
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Parliament or Bundestag (630 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 22 September 2013 (next to be held no later than autumn 2017);
- most all postwar German governments have been coalitions;
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 41.5%, SPD 25.7%, Left 8.6%, Greens 8.4%, FDP 4.8%, other 11%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 311, SPD 192, Left 64, Greens 63
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Parliament or Bundestag (622 (630 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
elections:
Bundestag - last held on 27 22 September 2009 2013 (next to be held no later than autumn 2013); 2017); most all postwar German governments have been coalitions; note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results:
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33.8%, 41.5%, SPD 23%, FDP 14.6%, 25.7%, Left 11.9%, 8.6%, Greens 10.7%, 8.4%, FDP 4.8%, other 6%; 11%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 239, 311, SPD 146, FDP 93, 192, Left 76, 64, Greens 68 63
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Parliament or Bundestag (630 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 22 September 2013 (next to be held no later than autumn 2017);
- most all postwar German governments have been coalitions;
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 41.5%, SPD 25.7%, Left 8.6%, Greens 8.4%, FDP 4.8%, other 10.9%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 311, SPD 193, Left 64, Greens 63
bicameral legislature consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) and the Federal Parliament or Bundestag (630 seats; members elected by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation and caucus recognition)
elections:
Bundestag - last held on 22 September 2013 (next to be held no later than autumn 2017); most all postwar German governments have been coalitions; note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results:
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 41.5%, SPD 25.7%, Left 8.6%, Greens 8.4%, FDP 4.8%, other 11%; 10.9%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 311, SPD 192, 193, Left 64, Greens 63
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
- description:
- bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments or landtags) and the Federal Diet or Bundestag (631 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 22 September 2013 (next to be held no later than autumn 2017);
- most all postwar German governments have been coalitions;
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 41.5%, SPD 25.7%, Left 8.6%, Greens 8.4%, FDP 4.8%, other 10.9%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 311, SPD 193, Left 64, Greens 63
description: bicameral legislature Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments sit in the Council; each has three to six votes in proportion to population and is required to vote as a block) or landtags) and the Federal Parliament Diet or Bundestag (630 seats; (631 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by popular vote for a four-year term under a system of personalized proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain proportional representation vote and caucus recognition) approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections:
election results:
- description:
- bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments) and the Federal Diet or Bundestag (631 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
- elections:
- Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021);
- most postwar German governments have been coalitions;
- note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
- election results:
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 32.9%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.8%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 153, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments or landtags) governments) and the Federal Diet or Bundestag (631 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: Bundestag - last held on 22 24 September 2013 2017 (next to be held no later than autumn 2017); in 2021); most all postwar German governments have been coalitions; note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 41.5%, 32.9%, SPD 25.7%, Left 8.6%, Greens 8.4%, 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 4.8%, 10.8%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 10.9%; 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 311, 246, SPD 193, 153, FDP 80, The Left 64, Greens 63 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67
- description:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
- elections:
- Bundesrat - none;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021); most postwar German governments have been coalitions
- election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 32.9%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.8%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 153, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67;
- composition - men 491, women 218, percent of women 30.7%;
- note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments) and the
Federal Diet or Bundestag (631 (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021); most postwar German governments have been coalitions; note Bundesrat - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021); most postwar German governments have been coalitions
election results: Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 32.9%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.8%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 153, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67 67; composition - men 491, women 218, percent of women 30.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%
- description:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
- elections:
- Bundesrat - none;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021); most postwar German governments have been coalitions
- election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67;
- composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%;
- note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021); most postwar German governments have been coalitions
election results: Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 32.9%, 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.8%, 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 153, 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 491, 490, women 218, 219, percent of women 30.7%; 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%
- description:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
- elections:
- Bundesrat - none;
- composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions
- election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%;
- seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67;
- composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%;
- note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 seats - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held in 2021); 2021 at the latest); most postwar German governments have been coalitions
election results: Bundesrat - composition - men 50, women 19, percent of women 27.5%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, FDP 10.7%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, other 5%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, FDP 80, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; composition - men 490, women 219, percent of women 30.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5%
- description:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (735 seats for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
- elections:
- Bundesrat - none;
- determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025 at the latest); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
- election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 46, women 23, percent of women 33.3%
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 25.7%, CDU/CSU 24.1%, Alliance '90/Greens 14.8%, FDP 11.5%, AfD 10.3%, The Left 4.9%, other 8.7%;
- seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 196, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 83, The Left 39, other 1;
- composition - men 479, women 257, percent of women 34.9%;
- note - total Parliament percent of women 34.8%
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (709 (735 seats for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
elections:
Bundesrat - none; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 24 26 September 2017 2021 (next to be held in 2021 September 2025 at the latest); most almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 50, 46, women 19, 23, percent of women 27.5% 33.3%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 33%, SPD 20.5%, AfD 12.6%, 25.7%, CDU/CSU 24.1%, Alliance '90/Greens 14.8%, FDP 10.7%, 11.5%, AfD 10.3%, The Left 9.2%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.9%, 4.9%, other 5%; 8.7%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 246, SPD 152, AfD 91, 206, CDU/CSU 196, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 80, 92, AfD 83, The Left 69, Alliance '90/Greens 67; 39, other 1; composition - men 490, 479, women 219, 257, percent of women 30.5%; 34.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.5% 34.8%
- description:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats statutory, 71 current; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (736 seats statutory, 736 for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; currently includes 4 seats for independent members; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
- elections:
- Bundesrat - none;
- determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025 at the latest); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
- election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 46, women 23, percent of women 33.3%
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%;
- seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3;
- composition - men 479, women 257, percent of women 34.9%;
- note - total Parliament percent of women 34.8%
note - due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats; seats statutory, 71 current; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (735 (736 seats statutory, 736 for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; currently includes 4 seats for independent members; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
elections:
Bundesrat - none; determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025 at the latest); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 46, women 23, percent of women 33.3%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 25.7%, 28%, CDU/CSU 24.1%, 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 14.8%, 16%, FDP 11.5%, 12.5%, AfD 10.3%, 11%, The Left 4.9%, 5.3%, other 8.7%; .04%; seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 196, 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 83, 81, The Left 39, other 1; 3; composition - men 479, women 257, percent of women 34.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.8%
note - due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
- description:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats statutory, 71 current; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (736 seats statutory, 736 for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; currently includes 4 seats for independent members; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
- elections:
- Bundesrat - none;
- determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025 at the latest); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
- election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 46, women 23, percent of women 33.3%
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%;
- seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3;
- composition - men 479, women 257, percent of women 34.9%;
- note - total Parliament percent of women 34.8%
note: due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats statutory, 71 current; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (736 seats statutory, 736 for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; currently includes 4 seats for independent members; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
elections:
Bundesrat - none; determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025 at the latest); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 46, women 23, percent of women 33.3%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%; seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3; composition - men 479, women 257, percent of women 34.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 34.8%note - note: due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
- description:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats statutory, 71 current; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (736 seats statutory, 736 for the 2021-25 term; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
- elections:
- Bundesrat - none;
- determined by the composition of the state-level governments;
- the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held on 23 February 2025); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
- election results:
Bundesrat - composition - men 43, women 26, percentage women 37.7%
- Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%;
- seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3;
- composition - men 476, women 260, percentage women 34.9%;
- note - total Parliament percentage women 35.5%
note: due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:
Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats statutory, 71 current; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)
Federal Diet or Bundestag (736 seats statutory, 736 for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; currently includes 4 seats for independent members; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)
elections:
Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held in September 2025 at the latest); on 23 February 2025); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions
election results:46, 43, women 23, percent of 26, percentage women 33.3% 37.7%
Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%; seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3; composition - men 479, 476, women 257, percent of 260, percentage women 34.9%; note - total Parliament percent of percentage women 34.8% 35.5%
note: due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
- legislative structure:
- bicameral
note: due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
Rewritten: too little of the 2024 text remains to mark the changes.
legislative structure: bicameral
note: due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of "overhang" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and "leveling" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date
No edition has those words. Try a shorter word.
Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Germany: Legislative branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/germany/legislative-branch.