Executive branch Haiti, in 35 editions.

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1991), ousted in a coup
in September 1991, but still recognized by international community as Chief
of State; President Joseph NERETTE installed by military on 7 October 1991
Head of Government:
de facto Prime Minister Marc BAZIN (since June 1992)
Chamber of Deputies:
last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to be
held by December 1994); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (83 total)
FNCD 27, ANDP 17, PDCH 7, PAIN 6, RDNP 6, MDN 5, PNT 3, MKN 2, MODELH 2, MRN
1, independents 5, other 2
President:
last held 16 December 1990 (next election to be held by December 1995);
results - Rev. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 67.5%, Marc BAZIN 14.2%, Louis DEJOIE
4.9%
Senate:
last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 18 January 1991 1993, widely condemned as illegitimate (next to be
held
December 1992); 1994); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (27 total) FNCD 12,
13, ANDP 6, 8, PAIN 2, MRN 2, PDCH 1, RDNP 1, PNT 1, independent 1 2
president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1991), ousted in a coup
in September 1991, but still recognized by international community as Chief
of State
Head of Government: de facto Prime Minister Marc BAZIN (since NA June 1992)

chief of state: President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE Rene Garcia PREVAL (since 7 February
1991), ousted in 1996), was elected for a coup in September 1991 but, with US military five-year term by universal suffrage;
support, returned to power on 15 October 1994; election last held 16
17 December 1990 1995 (next to be held by December 1995);
2000); results - Rev.
Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 67.5%, Marc BAZIN 14.2%, Louis DEJOIE 4.9% Rene PREVAL 88%, Leon JEUNE 2.5%, Victor BENOIT 2.3%
head of government: Prime Minister Smarck MICHEL Rosny SMARTH (since October 1994) March 1996)
was appointed by the president
cabinet: Cabinet; was chosen by prime minister in consultation with the
the president

chief of state: President Rene Garcia PREVAL (since 7 February 1996)
1996), was head of government: Prime Minister Rosny SMARTH (since March 1996)
cabinet : Cabinet; chosen by the prime minister in consultation with
the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term by universal suffrage; term;
election last held 17 December 1995 (next to be held by December
2000); results prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Rene Garcia PREVAL elected president; percent of
vote - Rene Garcia PREVAL 88%, Leon JEUNE 2.5%, Victor BENOIT 2.3%
head of government: Prime Minister Rosny SMARTH (since March 1996)
was appointed by the president
cabinet: Cabinet; was chosen by prime minister in consultation with
the president

chief of state: President Rene Garcia PREVAL (since 7 February 1996)
head of government: Prime Minister Rosny SMARTH (since March 1996) resigned June 1997;
cabinet : currently no prime minister; ratification of a new prime minister held
up in political gridlock stemming from controversy over the 6 April
1997 elections
cabinet: Cabinet; chosen by the prime minister in consultation with
the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 17 December 1995 (next to be held by December
2000); prime minister appointed by the president president, ratified by the
Congress
election results: Rene Garcia PREVAL elected president; percent of
vote - Rene vote-Rene Garcia PREVAL 88%, Leon JEUNE 2.5%, Victor BENOIT 2.3%

chief of state: President Rene Garcia PREVAL (since 7 February 1996)
head of government: Prime Minister Rosny SMARTH resigned June 1997;
currently no prime minister; ratification of a new prime minister held
held up in political gridlock stemming from controversy over the 6 April
April 1997 elections
cabinet: Cabinet; chosen by the prime minister in consultation with
the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 17 December 1995 (next to be held by December
2000); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the
Congress
election results: Rene Garcia PREVAL elected president; percent of
vote-Rene vote--Rene Garcia PREVAL 88%, Leon JEUNE 2.5%, Victor BENOIT 2.3%

chief of state: President Rene Garcia PREVAL (since 7 February 1996)
head of government: Prime Minister Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS (since NA March 1999); ALEXIS was appointed by President PREVAL, filling the post that had been vacant since the resignation of Rosny SMARTH resigned June 1997;
currently no prime minister; ratification of a new prime minister
held up in political gridlock stemming from controversy over the 6
April June 1997 elections
cabinet: Cabinet; Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with
the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 17 December 1995 (next to be held by December
2000); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the
Congress
election results: Rene Garcia PREVAL elected president; percent of
vote--Rene vote - Rene Garcia PREVAL 88%, Leon JEUNE 2.5%, Victor BENOIT 2.3%

chief of state: President Rene Garcia PREVAL Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1996)
2001) head of government: Prime Minister Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS Jean-Marie CHERESTAL (since NA March 1999); ALEXIS was appointed by President PREVAL, filling the post that had been vacant since the resignation of Rosny SMARTH in June 1997
9 February 2001) cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 17 December 1995 26 November 2000 (next to be held by December 2000); NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the Congress
election results: Rene Garcia PREVAL Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Rene Garcia PREVAL 88%, Leon JEUNE 2.5%, Victor BENOIT 2.3% Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%

chief of state: President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Marie CHERESTAL Yvon NEPTUNE (since 9 February 2001) 4 March 2002); note - former Prime Minister CHERESTAL resigned in January 2002
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the Congress National Assembly
election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%

chief of state: Interim President Boniface ALEXANDRE (since 29 February 2004)
note: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 resigned as president on 29 February 2001) 2004; ALEXANDRE, as Chief of the Supreme Court, constitutionally succeeded Aristide
head of government: Interim Prime Minister Yvon NEPTUNE Gerald LATORTUE (since 4 12 March 2002); note - former Prime Minister CHERESTAL resigned in January 2002 2004), chosen by extraconstitutional Council of Eminent Persons representing cross-section of political and civic interests
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA in November 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%

chief of state: Interim President Boniface ALEXANDRE Rene PREVAL (since 29 February 2004)
note: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE resigned as president on 29 February 2004; ALEXANDRE, as Chief of the Supreme Court, constitutionally succeeded Aristide 14 May 2006)
head of government: Interim Prime Minister Gerald LATORTUE Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS (since 12 March 2004), chosen by extraconstitutional Council of Eminent Persons representing cross-section of political and civic interests 30 May 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 26 November 2000 7 February 2006 (next to be held in November 2005); 2011); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE Rene PREVAL elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92% Rene PREVAL 51%

chief of state: President Rene PREVAL (since 14 May 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS (since 30 May 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 7 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011); 2010); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results: Rene PREVAL elected president; percent of vote - Rene PREVAL 51%

chief of state: President Rene PREVAL (since 14 May 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS Michele PIERRE-LOUIS (since 30 May 2006) 5 September 2008)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 7 February 2006 (next to be held in 2010); 2011); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results: Rene PREVAL elected president; percent of vote - Rene PREVAL 51%

chief of state:
President Rene PREVAL (since 14 May 2006)
head of government:
Prime Minister Michele PIERRE-LOUIS Jean-Max BELLERIVE (since 5 September 2008) 7 November 2009)
cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 7 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results:
Rene PREVAL elected president; percent of vote - Rene PREVAL 51%

chief of state:
President Rene PREVAL (since 14 May 2006)
head of government:
Prime Minister Jean-Max BELLERIVE (since 7 November 2009)
cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held 7 February 2006 on 28 November 2010; runoff scheduled for 16 January 2011 (next to be held in 2011); 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results:
Rene PREVAL elected president; percent of vote - Rene PREVAL 51% 2010 results not final, initial results are under OAS review; Mirlande MANIGAT 31.37%, Jude CELESTIN 22.48%, Michel MARTELLY 21.84%, all others less than 10% each

chief of state:
President Rene PREVAL Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2006) 2011)
head of government:
Prime Minister Jean-Max BELLERIVE Garry CONILLE (since 7 November 2009) 18 October 2011)
cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 28 November 2010; runoff scheduled for 16 January 2011 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results:
2010 results not final, initial results are under OAS review; Mirlande MANIGAT 31.37%, Jude CELESTIN 22.48%, Michel MARTELLY 21.84%, all others less than 10% each wins the runoff election held on 20 March 2011 with 67.6% of the vote against 31.7% for Mirlande MANIGAT

chief of state:
President Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2011)
head of government:
Prime Minister Garry CONILLE Laurent LAMOTHE (since 18 October 2011) 16 May 2012)
cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 28 November 2010; runoff scheduled for 16 January on 20 March 2011 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results:
Michel MARTELLY wins won the runoff election held on 20 March 2011 with 67.6% of the vote against 31.7% for Mirlande MANIGAT

chief of state:
President Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2011)
head of government:
Prime Minister Laurent LAMOTHE (since 16 May 2012)
cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 28 November 2010; runoff on 20 March 2011 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly
election results:
Michel MARTELLY won the elected president in runoff election held on 20 March 2011 with 67.6% of the vote against 31.7% for Mirlande MANIGAT with 31.7%

chief of state:
President Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2011)
head of government:
Prime Minister Laurent LAMOTHE Evans PAUL (since 16 May 2012) January 2015)
cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a five-year 5-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); election last held on 28 25 November 2010; 2015 with a runoff on 20 March 2011 27 December 2015 (next to be held in 2015); tentatively scheduled for late 2020); prime minister appointed chosen by the president, ratified by president from among members of the majority party in the National Assembly
election results:
2010 election - Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff with 67.6% runoff; percent of the vote against - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT with 31.7% (RDNP) 32%; 2015 election - results are pending

chief of state: Interim President Jocelerme PRIVERT Jovenel MOISE (since 14 February 2016); note - parliament elected Interim President PRIVERT after President Michel MARTELLY stepped down from office 7 February 2016 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Enex JEAN-CHARLES Dr. Jack Guy LAFONTANT (since 25 21 March 2016) 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); election last held 20 November 2016 (next to be held in October 2021); note - the previous election was last held on 25 October 2015, but a runoff originally scheduled for 24 April 2016 was postponed; on 6 June 2016, the Provisional Electoral Council announced that it had accepted a recommendation by an independent commission, which had found that fraud had marred the October 2015 vote, to formally annul the results; a repeat of the first round of the presidential election scheduled to take place 9 October 2016, with a second round 2016 but postponed to be held on 8 January 2017, was canceled becaused of Hurricane Matthew; the rescheduled election then took place on 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
election results: 2016 election - Jovenel MOISE elected president; president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.67%, 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.52%, 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11.04%, 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 8.99%; note - Jovenel MOISE will take office on 7 February 2017 9%; other 4.8%

chief of state: President Jovenel MOISE (since 7 February 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean Henry CEANT (since 16 September 2018); note - Prime Minister Dr. Jack Guy LAFONTANT (since 21 March 2017) resigned on 14 July 2018, after plans to raise fuel prices sparked riots
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but postponed to until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
election results: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%

chief of state: President Jovenel MOISE (since 7 February 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean Henry CEANT Fritz William MICHEL (since 16 September 2018); 22 July 2019); note - Prime Minister Dr. Jack Guy LAFONTANT (since 21 March 2017) Jean Michel LAPIN resigned on 14 22 July 2018, after plans to raise fuel prices sparked riots 2019
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
election results: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%

chief of state: President Jovenel MOISE (since 7 February 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Fritz William MICHEL Joseph JOUTHE (since 22 July 2019); note - Prime Minister Jean Michel LAPIN resigned on 22 July 2019 since 4 March 2020)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
election results: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%

chief of state: Acting President Ariel HENRY (since 20 July 2021); note - Prime Minister Ariel HENRY has assumed the responsibilities of president following the assassination of President Jovenel MOISE (since on 7 July 2021; an election is expected to be held on 7 November 2021; MOISE had been president since 7 February 2017) 2017
head of government: Prime Minister Joseph JOUTHE Ariel HENRY (since since 4 March 2020) 20 July 2021)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
election results:
2016: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%
2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%

chief of state: Acting President Ariel HENRY (since 20 July 2021); (vacant); note - Prime Minister Ariel HENRY has assumed the responsibilities of president executive responsibilities, including naming Cabinet members, following the assassination of President Jovenel MOISE on 7 July 2021; an election is expected to be held on 7 November 2021; MOISE had new elections have not yet been president since 7 February 2017 scheduled
head of government: Prime Minister Ariel HENRY (since 20 July 2021)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election had been originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but was postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
election results:
2016: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%
2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%

chief of state: President (vacant); note - Prime Minister Ariel HENRY assumed executive responsibilities, including naming Cabinet members, following the assassination of President MOISE on 7 July 2021; new elections have not yet been scheduled
head of government: Prime Minister Ariel HENRY (since 20 July 2021)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election had been originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but was postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew
election results:
2016: Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%
2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff; second round; percent of vote - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%

chief of state: President (vacant); note - Prime Minister Ariel HENRY assumed executive responsibilities, including naming Cabinet members, following the assassination of President MOISE on 7 July 2021; new elections have not yet been scheduled (vacant)
head of government: Prime Minister Ariel HENRY Alix Didier FILS-AIMÉ (since 20 July 2021) 10 November 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election had been originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but was postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew 2016; new elections were delayed in 2022 and 2023 and have not been scheduled by the transitional presidential council
election results:
2016: Jovenel MOISE MOÏSE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE MOÏSE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE MOÏSE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%
2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%
note: former Prime Minister Ariel HENRY, who had assumed executive responsibilities following the assassination of President MOÏSE on 7 July 2021, resigned on 24 April 2024; a nine-member Presidential Transitional Council, equipped with presidential powers, was sworn in on 25 April 2024 and will remain in place until 7 February 2026

chief of state: President (vacant)
head of government: Prime Minister Alix Didier FILS-AIMÉ (since 10 November 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's prime minister's governing policy
elections/appointments: election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds rounds, if needed needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last term)
most recent election was date: 20 November 2016; new elections were delayed in 2022 and 2023 and have not been scheduled by the transitional presidential council 2016
election results:
2016: Jovenel MOÏSE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOÏSE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOÏSE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%
2011: Michel MARTELLY elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%
expected date of next election: 30 August 2026
note: former Prime Minister Ariel HENRY, who had assumed executive responsibilities following the assassination of President MOÏSE on 7 July 2021, resigned on 24 April 2024; a nine-member Presidential Transitional Council, equipped with presidential powers, was sworn in on 25 April 2024 and will remain in place until 7 February 2026