The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Executive branch Holy See (Vatican City), in 35 editions.
The entry for Holy See (Vatican City) published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 24 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 24
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
Entry published as “Vatican City”.
pope
pope
Published as “Executive branch”
pope
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYA; since 16 October 1978)
- Head of Government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo SODANO
Published as “Elections”
- Pope:
- last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); results - Karol WOJTYA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
pope
Chief of State:
Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYA; since 16 October 1978)
Head of Government:
Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo SODANO
Pope:
last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current
pope); results - Karol WOJTYA was elected for life by the College of
Cardinals
Published as “Elections”
- Pope:
- last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals
Published as “Executive branch”
pope
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978)
- Head of Government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA)
popePope:
Chief of State:
Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYA; since 16 October 1978)
Head of Government:
Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo SODANO
last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current
pope); results - Karol WOJTYA WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of
Cardinals
pope
Chief of State:
Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978)
Head of Government:
Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA)
The entry for Holy See (Vatican City) did not include Executive branch.
Entry published as “Holy See (vatican City)”.
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978);
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA 1991)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission; appointed by Pope
Pope: chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October
1978); election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the
death of the current
life by the College ofpope head of
Chief of State:
Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978)
HeadGovernment:government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal
SODANO (since NA) NA 1991)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission; appointed by Pope
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978) was elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA 1991) was appointed by the pope
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission was appointed by Pope
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October1978); 1978) was elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election
last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the
current pope); results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for
College of Cardinals
head of government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal
SODANO (since NA 1991) was appointed by the pope
cabinet: Pontifical Commission; Commission was appointed by Pope
- chief of state :
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA 1991)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by Pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
chief of state: state : Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October
1978) was
head of government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal
SODANO (since NA 1991)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by Pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election
last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the
current pope); results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the secretary of
College of Cardinals
head of government: SecretaryState Archbishop Angelo Cardinal state appointed by the pope
SODANO (since NA 1991) wascabinet: Pontifical Commission was appointed by Pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since 2 December 1990)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by Pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
chief of state : state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October
1978)
head of government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal
SODANO (since NA 1991) 2 December 1990)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by Pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election
last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the
current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since 2 December 1990)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since (since 16 October
head of government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal
SODANO (since 2 December 1990)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by Pope the pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election
election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death
of the
election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
head of government: Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
- chief of state:
- Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 1 December 1990)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope
- chief of state:
- Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II BENEDICT XVI (since 16 October 1978) 19 April 2005)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results: Karol WOJTYLA Joseph RATZINGER elected pope Pope BENEDICT XVI
The same text in 2006 and 2007.
- chief of state:
- Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO Tarcisio BERTONE (since 1 December 1990) 15 September 2006)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
- chief of state:
- Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
- chief of state:
- Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
chief of state:
Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
head of government:
Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
cabinet:
Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
elections:
pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results:
Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
The same text in 3 editions, 2010 to 2012.
- chief of state:
- Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
- cabinet:
Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held on 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope);
- secretary of state appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
chief of state:
Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
head of government:
Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
cabinet:
Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held on 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope
election results:
Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- chief of state:
- Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013);
- note - previous Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE will remain as Camerlengo, a position he has held since 4 April 2007
- cabinet:
Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- pope elected for life, or until voluntary resignation, by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope);
- Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO elected Pope FRANCIS
chief of state:
Pope BENEDICT XVI FRANCIS (since 19 April 2005) 13 March 2013)
head of government:
Secretary of State Archbishop Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013); note - previous Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006) will remain as Camerlengo, a position he has held since 4 April 2007
cabinet:
Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
pope elected for life life, or until voluntary resignation, by the College of Cardinals; election last held on 19 April 2005 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); secretary Secretary of state State appointed by the pope
election results:Joseph RATZINGER Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO elected Pope BENEDICT XVI FRANCIS
- chief of state:
- Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Archbishop Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013);
- note - previous Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE will remain as Camerlengo (fiscal administrator), a position he has held since 4 April 2007
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections/appointments:
- pope elected for life or until voluntary resignation by the College of Cardinals;
- election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope);
- Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO,
- formerly Archbishop of Buenos Aires,
- elected Pope FRANCIS
chief of state:
head of government:Camerlengo, Camerlengo (fiscal administrator), a position he has held since 4 April 2007
cabinet:(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: pope elected for
elections:life, life or until voluntary resignation, resignation by the College of Cardinals; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope
election results:BERGOGLIO BERGOGLIO, formerly Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
- chief of state:
- Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections/appointments:
- pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation;
- election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope);
- Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO,
- former Archbishop of Buenos Aires,
- elected Pope FRANCIS
chief of state: Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
head of government: Secretary of State Archbishop Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013); note - previous Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE will remain as Camerlengo (fiscal administrator), a position he has held since 4 April 2007 2013)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
elections/appointments: pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation by the College of Cardinals; resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope
election results: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, formerly former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
The same text in 5 editions, 2017 to 2021.
- chief of state:
- Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
- head of government:
- Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013);
- note - Head of Government of Vatican City is President Cardinal Giuseppe BERTELLO (since 1 October 2011)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections/appointments:
- pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation;
- election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope);
- Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO,
- former Archbishop of Buenos Aires,
- elected Pope FRANCIS
chief of state: Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013) 2013); note - Head of Government of Vatican City is President Cardinal Giuseppe BERTELLO (since 1 October 2011)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
elections/appointments: pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope
election results: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
- chief of state:
- Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
- head of government:
- President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State is Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections/appointments:
- pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation;
- election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope);
- Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- 2013: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
chief of state: Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
head of government: Secretary President of the Pontifical Commission for the State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013); note - Head of Government Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State is President Cardinal Giuseppe BERTELLO Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2011) 2021)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
elections/appointments: pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope
election results: 2013: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
- chief of state:
- Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
- head of government:
- President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State is Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections/appointments:
- pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation;
- election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope);
- Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO,
- former Archbishop of Buenos Aires,
- elected Pope FRANCIS
chief of state: Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
head of government: President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State is Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
elections/appointments: pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope
election results: 2013: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
- chief of state:
- Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
- head of government:
- President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- elections/appointments:
- pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation;
- election last held on 13 March 2013 after the resignation of Pope BENEDICT XVI (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope);
- Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- 2013: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
chief of state: Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)
head of government: President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State is Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
elections/appointments: pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 after the resignation of Pope BENEDICT XVI (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope
election results:
2013: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS
- chief of state:
- Pope LEO XIV (since 8 May 2025)
- head of government:
- President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)
- cabinet:
- Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope
- election/appointment process:
- pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; Secretary of State appointed by the pope
- election results:
- 2025: Robert PREVOST elected Pope LEO XIV
chief of state: Pope FRANCIS LEO XIV (since 13 March 2013) 8 May 2025)
head of government: President of the Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City and President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State Fernando VERGEZ ALZAGA (since 1 October 2021)
cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the popeelections/appointments: election/appointment process: pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 after the resignation of Pope BENEDICT XVI (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope
election results:2013: Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, 2025: Robert PREVOST elected Pope FRANCIS LEO XIV
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Holy See (Vatican City): Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/holy-see/executive-branch.