Honduras
Republic of HondurasRepublica de Honduras
republicIndependence 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Honduras as the 1998 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 99 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
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Geography
Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between | Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between | El Salvador and Nicaragua
17 fieldsLand useshare of 112,090 sq km
Location
Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua
Natural hazards
frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast
Environment-current issues
- urban population expanding;
- deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes;
- further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands;
- mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) as well as several rivers and streams with heavy metals
Environment-international agreements
- party to:
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
- signed, but not ratified:
- none of the selected agreements
People
15 fieldsPer 1,000 population(1998 est.)
Male · female
Age structure
- 0-14 years:
- 42% (male 1,248,291; female 1,204,574)
- 15-64 years:
- 55% (male 1,591,995; female 1,615,449)
- 65 years and over:
- 3% (male 96,017; female 105,629) (July 1998 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.05 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.04 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 0.99 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.91 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Government
Republic; President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998); President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998)
21 fieldsPresidential electionpercent of vote
Legislature, 128 seats, elected 30 November 1997one dot, one seat
Percent of vote
Country name
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Honduras
- conventional short form:
- Honduras
- local long form:
- Republica de Honduras
- local short form:
- Honduras
Administrative divisions
- 18 departments (departamentos, singular-departamento) plus probable Central District (Tegucigalpa);
- Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro
Legal system
- rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law;
- some influence of English common law;
- accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998);
- First Vice President William HANDAL;
- Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo;
- Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez;
- note-the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Carlos Roberto FLORES Facusse (since 27 January 1998);
- First Vice President William HANDAL;
- Second Vice President Gladys CABALLERO de Arevalo;
- Third Vice President Hector Vidal CERRATO Hernandez;
- note-the president is both the chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- Cabinet
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 30 November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001)
- election results:
- Carlos FLORES Facusse elected president; percent of vote-Carlos FLORES Facusse (PLH) 53%, Nora de MELGAR (PNH) 42%, other 5%
Legislative branch
unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (128 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
- elections:
- last held on 30 November 1997 (next to be held November 2001)
- election results:
- percent of vote by party-PLH 50%, PNH 42%, PINU-SD 4%, PDCH 2%, other 2%; seats by party-PLH 70, PNH 55, PINU-SD 3
Judicial branch
Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justica), judges are elected for four-year terms by the National Assembly
Political parties and leaders
- Liberal Party (PLH), Raphael PINEDA Ponce, president;
- National Party of Honduras (PNH), Nora MELGAR, president;
- National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party (PINU-SD), Olban VALLADARES, president;
- Christian Democratic Party (PDCH)
Political pressure groups and leaders
- National Association of Honduran Campesinos (ANACH);
- Honduran Council of Private Enterprise (COHEP);
- Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH);
- National Union of Campesinos (UNC);
- General Workers Confederation (CGT);
- United Federation of Honduran Workers (FUTH);
- Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras (CODEH);
- Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations (CCOP)
International organization participation
BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Edgardo DUMAS Rodriguez
- chancery:
- 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 966-7702, 2604, 5008, 4596
FAX
[1] (202) 966-9751
- consulate(s) general:
- Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
- consulate(s):
- Boston, Detroit, and Jacksonville
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador James Francis CREAGAN (29 July 1996)
- embassy:
- Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa
- mailing address:
- American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa
- telephone:
- [504] 36-9320, 38-5114
Flag description
- three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band;
- the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America-Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua;
- similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band;
- also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band
Economy
In 1994 the REINA administration inherited an | economy in the grips of stagflation due to an unprecedented energy | crisis, declining agricultural output, and extravagant public | expenditures.
28 fieldsGDP-composition by sector(1997)
Economy-overview
In 1994 the REINA administration inherited an economy in the grips of stagflation due to an unprecedented energy crisis, declining agricultural output, and extravagant public expenditures. In response the REINA administration cut the fiscal deficit and enacted a number of structural reforms including passage of a modern financial sector reform law in 1995 and a central bank reform law in 1996.
As a result, Honduras finished 1997 with improved GDP growth and a decreasing rate of inflation. The newly elected FLORES administration faces pressure from the international financial community and the IMF to further decrease the fiscal deficit and implement key reforms, including the privatization of state enterprises such as Hondutel.
Tegucigalpa will probably implement tighter fiscal and monetary policies to keep inflation low and meet commitments to the IMF. This may slow GDP growth to 3.5% in 1998. Moreover, wage increases for public-sector employees, agreed to in 1997, will make it difficult for FLORES to make headway on the fiscal deficit and inflation.
Labor force
- total:
- 1.3 million (1997 est.)
- by occupation:
- agriculture 62%, services 20%, manufacturing 9%, construction 3%, other 6% (1985)
Exports
- total value:
- $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
- commodities:
- bananas, coffee, shrimp, lobster, minerals, meat, lumber
- partners:
- US 54%, Germany 7%, Belgium 5%, Japan 4%, Spain 3% (1995)
Imports
- total value:
- $1.8 billion (c.i.f. 1996)
- commodities:
- machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, manufactured goods, fuel and oil, foodstuffs
- partners:
- US 43%, Guatemala 5%, Japan 5%, Germany 4%, Mexico 3%, El Salvador 3% (1995)
Exchange rates
lempiras (L) per US$1 (end of period)-13.1332 (January 1998), 13.0942 (1997), 12.8694 (1996), 10.3432 (1995), 9.4001 (1994), 7.2600 (1993)
Telephone system
inadequate system
- domestic:
- NA
- international:
- satellite earth stations-2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Transportation
8 fieldsMerchant marine, 219 ships by typeships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 545,829 GRT/801,456 DWT
Airports by runway lengthpaved only
Airports by runway lengthunpaved only
Networkskm
Railways
- total:
- 595 km
- narrow gauge:
- 190 km 1.067-m gauge;
- 128 km 1.057-m gauge;
- 277 km 0.914-m gauge
note: in 1993, there was a total of 988 km of track
Military
Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, Public | Security Forces (FUSEP, now being converted to a civilian police | force)
7 fieldsMilitary branches
Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, Public Security Forces (FUSEP, now being converted to a civilian police force)
Transnational Issues
2 fieldsDisputes-international
- land boundary dispute with El Salvador mostly resolved by 11 September 1992 International Court of Justice (ICJ) decision;
- the presidents of El Salvador and Honduras signed in January 1998 an agreement allowing citizens in the 1992 demarcated areas to choose Salvadoran or Honduran citizenship;
- the two countries also agreed to a final demarcation of the border within one year;
- the agreement awaits ratification by the legislative assemblies of both countries;
- with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, ICJ referred to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required;
- maritime boundary dispute with Nicaragua
Illicit drugs
- transshipment point for drugs and narcotics, mostly along the Caribbean coastline;
- illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption HONG KONG (special administrative region of China)
Introduction
1 fieldCurrent issues
Pursuant to the agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became a special administrative region of China on 1 July 1997. Under the terms of this agreement, China has promised that Hong Kong shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Honduras.” The World Factbook 1998. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/honduras/1998.