The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Asia
Judicial branch India, in 36 editions.
The entry for India published Judicial branch in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 18 editions. Each is shown as published. Judicial branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 18
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Judicial branch” (1990 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Same as 2024- Supreme Court Chief of State--President Ramaswamy Iyer VENKATARAMAN (since 25 July 1987);
- Vice President Dr. Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 3 September 1987);
- Head of Government--Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap SINGH (since 2 December 1989)
Supreme Court Chief of State--President Ramaswamy Iyer VENKATARAMAN (since 25 July 1987); Vice President Dr. Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 3 September 1987); Head of Government--Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap SINGH (since 2 December 1989)
- Supreme Court Chief of State--President Ramaswamy Iyer VENKATARAMAN (since 25 July 1987);
- Vice President Dr. Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 3 September 1987);
- Head of Government--Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha RAO (since 21 June 1991) Congress (I) Party, P. V. Narasimha RAO, president;
- Bharatiya Janata Party, L. K. ADVANI;
- Janata Dal Party, V. P. SINGH;
- Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), E. M. S. NAMBOODIRIPAD;
- Communist Party of India (CPI), C. Rajeswara RAO;
- Telugu Desam (a regional party in Andhra Pradesh), N. T. Rama RAO;
- All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (AIADMK; a regional party in Tamil Nadu), JAYALALITHA;
- Samajwadi Janata Party, CHANDRA SHEKHAR;
- Shiv Sena, Bal THACKERAY;
- Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), Tridip CHOWDHURY;
- Bahujana Samaj Party (BSP), Kanshi RAM;
- Congress (S) Party, leader NA;
- Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ML), Satyanarayan SINGH;
- Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (a regional party in Tamil Nadu), M. KARUNANIDHI;
- Akali Dal factions representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab;
- National Conference (NC; a regional party in Jammu and Kashmir), Farooq ABDULLAH;
- Asom Gana Parishad (a regional party in Assam), Prafulla MAHANTA
Rewritten: too little of the 1990 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court Chief of State--President Ramaswamy Iyer VENKATARAMAN (since 25 July 1987); Vice President Dr. Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 3 September 1987); Head of Government--Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha RAO (since 21 June 1991) Congress (I) Party, P. V. Narasimha RAO, president; Bharatiya Janata Party, L. K. ADVANI; Janata Dal Party, V. P. SINGH; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), E. M. S. NAMBOODIRIPAD; Communist Party of India (CPI), C. Rajeswara RAO; Telugu Desam (a regional party in Andhra Pradesh), N. T. Rama RAO; All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (AIADMK; a regional party in Tamil Nadu), JAYALALITHA; Samajwadi Janata Party, CHANDRA SHEKHAR; Shiv Sena, Bal THACKERAY; Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), Tridip CHOWDHURY; Bahujana Samaj Party (BSP), Kanshi RAM; Congress (S) Party, leader NA; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ML), Satyanarayan SINGH; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (a regional party in Tamil Nadu), M. KARUNANIDHI; Akali Dal factions representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; National Conference (NC; a regional party in Jammu and Kashmir), Farooq ABDULLAH; Asom Gana Parishad (a regional party in Assam), Prafulla MAHANTA
The same text in 4 editions, 1992 to 1995.
Supreme Court
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president
Supreme Court Court, judges are appointed by the
president
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president
and remain in office until they reach the age of 65
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president
president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the
The same text in 5 editions, 2001 to 2005.
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65)
Supreme Court, judges Court (judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65 65)
The same text in 7 editions, 2006 to 2012.
Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")
Supreme Court (judges (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65) 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")
- highest court(s):
Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices); note - parliament approved an additional 5 judges in 2008
note - in mid-2011 India’s Cabinet approved the program, National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform, to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- District Courts; Labour Court
Rewritten: too little of the 2012 text remains to mark the changes.
highest court(s):
Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices); note - parliament approved an additional 5 judges in 2008
note - in mid-2011 India’s Cabinet approved the program, National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform, to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
judge selection and term of office:
justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts:
District Courts; Labour Court
- highest court(s):
Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices); note - parliament approved an additional 5 judges in 2008
note - in mid-2011 India’s Cabinet approved the program, National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform, to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
highest court(s):
Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices); note - parliament approved an additional 5 judges in 2008
note - in mid-2011 India’s Cabinet approved the program, National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform, to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
judge selection and term of office:
justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts:
High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices); note - parliament approved an additional 5 judges in 2008
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases; as of mid-July 2015, the Indian Government was considering the introduction of pre-trial hearing as a method for reducing the backlog
highest court(s):note - in mid-2011 India’s Cabinet approved the program, National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform, to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of casesjudge selection and term of office:
subordinate courts:
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases; as of mid-July 2015, the Indian Government was considering the introduction of pre-trial hearing as a method for reducing the backlog
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices)
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases; as of mid-July 2015, the Indian Government was considering the introduction of pre-trial hearing as a method for reducing the backlog
highest court(s): Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices); note - parliament approved an additional 5 judges in 2008 justices)
judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts: High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases; as of mid-July 2015, the Indian Government was considering the introduction of pre-trial hearing as a method for reducing the backlog
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices)
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
highest court(s): Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices)
judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts: High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases; as of mid-July 2015, the Indian Government was considering the introduction of pre-trial hearing as a method for reducing the backlog cases
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices)
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
highest court(s): courts: Supreme Court (the chief justice and 25 associate justices)
judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts: High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
The same text in 3 editions, 2019 to 2021.
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
highest courts: Supreme Court (the (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice and 25 associate justices) justice)
judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts: High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
The same text in 2022 and 2023.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
highest courts: court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)
judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts: High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
The same text in 2024 and 2025.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)
- judge selection and term of office:
- justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
- subordinate courts:
- High Courts;
- District Courts;
- Labour Court
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges, including the chief justice)
judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president to serve until age 65
subordinate courts: High Courts; District Courts; Labour Court
note: in mid-2011, India’s Cabinet approved the "National Mission for Justice Delivery and Legal Reform" to eliminate judicial corruption and reduce the backlog of cases
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “India: Judicial branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/india/judicial-branch.