The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Middle East
Judicial branch Iran, in 36 editions.
The entry for Iran published Judicial branch in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 13 editions. Each is shown as published. Judicial branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 13
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Judicial branch” (1990 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Same as 2024- Supreme Court Cleric and functional Chief of State--Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 3 June 1989);
- Head of Government--President Ali Akbar RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989);
Supreme Court Cleric and functional Chief of State--Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 3 June 1989); Head of Government--President Ali Akbar RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989);
- Supreme Court Cleric and functional Chief of State--Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989);
- Head of Government--President Ali Akbar HASHEMI-RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989);
Supreme Court Cleric and functional Chief of State--Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 3 4 June 1989); Head of Government--President Ali Akbar RAFSANJANI HASHEMI-RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989);
The same text in 12 editions, 1992 to 2003.
Supreme Court
Supreme Court Cleric and functional Chief of State--Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989); Head of Government--President Ali Akbar HASHEMI-RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989);
The same text in 3 editions, 2004 to 2006.
Supreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
Supreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
- The Supreme Court and the four-member High Council of the Judiciary have a single head and overlapping responsibilities;
- together they supervise the enforcement of all laws and establish judicial and legal policies;
- lower courts include a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
Rewritten: too little of the 2006 text remains to mark the changes.
The Supreme Court and the four-member High Council of the Judiciary have a single head and overlapping responsibilities; together they supervise the enforcement of all laws and establish judicial and legal policies; lower courts include a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
The same text in 5 editions, 2008 to 2012.
- The Supreme Court (Qeveh Qazaieh) and the four-member High Council of the Judiciary have a single head and overlapping responsibilities;
- together they supervise the enforcement of all laws and establish judicial and legal policies;
- lower courts include a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
The Supreme Court (Qeveh Qazaieh) and the four-member High Council of the Judiciary have a single head and overlapping responsibilities; together they supervise the enforcement of all laws and establish judicial and legal policies; lower courts include a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special administrative court
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (consists of a president and NA judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the Supreme Judicial Council in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a 5-year term;
- other judge appointments and tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
Rewritten: too little of the 2012 text remains to mark the changes.
highest court(s):
Supreme Court (consists of a president and NA judges)
judge selection and term of office:
Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the Supreme Judicial Council in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a 5-year term; other judge appointments and tenure NA
subordinate courts:
Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (consists of a president and NA judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the Supreme Judicial Council in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a 5-year term;
- other judge appointments and tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
highest court(s):
judge selection and term of office:
subordinate courts:
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a 5-year term;
- other judges appointed by the HJC;
- judge tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a the president and NA judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the Supreme High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge appointments and tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a 5-year term;
- other judges appointed by the HJC;
- judge tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a 5-year term;
- other judges appointed by the HJC;
- judge tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
highest court(s): courts: Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a single, renewable 5-year term;
- other judges appointed by the HJC;
- judge tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the president and NA judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a single, renewable 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
The same text in 2020 and 2021.
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into 42 two-bench branches, each with a justice and a judge)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a single, renewable 5-year term;
- other judges appointed by the HJC;
- judge tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the president chief justice and NA judges) organized into 42 two-bench branches, each with a justice and a judge)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a single, renewable 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
The same text in 4 editions, 2022 to 2025.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into 42 two-bench branches, each with a justice and a judge)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court;
- president appointed for a single, renewable 5-year term;
- other judges appointed by the HJC;
- judge tenure NA
- subordinate courts:
- Penal Courts I and II;
- Islamic Revolutionary Courts;
- Courts of Peace;
- Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics);
- military courts
highest courts: court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and organized into 42 two-bench branches, each with a justice and a judge)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by the head of the High Judicial Council (HJC), a 5-member body to include the Supreme Court chief justice, the prosecutor general, and 3 clergy, in consultation with judges of the Supreme Court; president appointed for a single, renewable 5-year term; other judges appointed by the HJC; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Penal Courts I and II; Islamic Revolutionary Courts; Courts of Peace; Special Clerical Court (functions outside the judicial system and handles cases involving clerics); military courts
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Iran: Judicial branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/iran/judicial-branch.