The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Executive branch Ireland, in 35 editions.
The entry for Ireland published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 30 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 30
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
- president,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Cabinet
president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Albert REYNOLDS (since 11 February 1992)
Published as “Elections”
- President:
- last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November 1997); results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
- Senate:
- last held on 17 February 1987 (next to be held February 1992);
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (60 total, 49 elected) Fianna Fail 30, Fine Gael 16, Labor 3, independents 11
- House of Representatives:
- last held on 12 July 1989 (next to be held June 1994);
- results - Fianna Fail 44.0%, Fine Gael 29.4%, Labor Party 9.3%, Progressive Democrats 5.4%, Workers' Party 4.9%, Sinn Fein 1.1%, independents 5.9%;
- seats - (166 total) Fianna Fail 77, Fine Gael 55, Labor Party 15, Workers' Party 7, Progressive Democrats 6, independents 6
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet
Chief of State:
President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Albert REYNOLDS (since 11 February 1992)
President:
last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November 1997); results - Mary
Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
Senate:
last held on 17 February 1987 (next to be held February 1992); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total, 49 elected) Fianna Fail 30,
Fine Gael 16, Labor 3, independents 11
House of Representatives:
last held on 12 July 1989 (next to be held June 1994); results - Fianna Fail
44.0%, Fine Gael 29.4%, Labor Party 9.3%, Progressive Democrats 5.4%,
Workers' Party 4.9%, Sinn Fein 1.1%, independents 5.9%; seats - (166 total)
Fianna Fail 77, Fine Gael 55, Labor Party 15, Workers' Party 7, Progressive
Democrats 6, independents 6
Published as “Elections”
- President:
- last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November 1997); results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
- Senate:
- last held on NA February 1992 (next to be held February 1997);
- results - percent of vote by party NA;
- seats - (60 total, 49 elected) Fianna Fail 26, Fine Gael 16, Labor 9, Progressive Democrats 2, Democratic Left 1, independents 6
- House of Representatives:
- last held on 25 November 1992 (next to be held by June 1995);
- results - Fianna Fail 39.1%, Fine Gael 24.5%, Labor Party 19.3%, Progressive Democrats 4.7%, Democratic Left 2.8%, Sinn Fein 1.6%, Workers' Party 0.7%, independents 5.9%;
- seats - (166 total) Fianna Fail 68, Fine Gael 45, Labor Party 33, Progressive Democrats 10, Democratic Left 4, Greens 1, independents 5
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Albert REYNOLDS (since 11 February 1992)
president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, CabinetPresident:
Chief of State:
President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Albert REYNOLDS (since 11 February 1992)
last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November 1997); results - Mary
Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
Senate:
last held on 17 NA February 1987 1992 (next to be held February 1992); 1997); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total, 49 elected) Fianna Fail 30, 26,
Fine Gael 16, Labor 3, 9, Progressive Democrats 2, Democratic Left 1,
independents 11 6
House of Representatives:
last held on 12 July 1989 25 November 1992 (next to be held by June 1994); 1995); results -
Fianna Fail
44.0%,29.4%, 24.5%, Labor Party 9.3%, 19.3%, Progressive Democrats 5.4%,Workers' Party 4.9%, 4.7%, Democratic Left 2.8%, Sinn Fein 1.1%, 1.6%, Workers' Party 0.7%,
independents 5.9%; seats - (166 total)77, 68, Fine Gael 55, 45, Labor Party 15, Workers'
Party 7, 33, Progressive6, 10, Democratic Left 4, Greens 1,
independents 6 5
president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet
Chief of State:
President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Albert REYNOLDS (since 11 February 1992)
The entry for Ireland did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990);
- election last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November 1997);
- results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
- head of government:
- Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December 1994)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet; appointed by president with previous nomination of the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November
1990); election last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November
1997); results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
head of government: Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December
1994)
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by president with previous nomination of
the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- chief of state:
- President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990) was elected for a seven-year term by popular vote;
- election last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held NA November 1997);
- results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
- head of government:
- Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December 1994) was nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- cabinet:
- Cabinet was appointed by president with previous nomination of the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
chief of state: President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November1990); 1990) was elected for a seven-year term by popular vote; election
last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held NA November
results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
head of government: Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December
1994) was nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by
the president
cabinet: Cabinet; Cabinet was appointed by president with previous nomination of
of the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- chief of state:
- President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December 1994)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections :
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held NA November 1997);
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary Bourke ROBINSON elected president; percent of vote - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
chief of state: President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 Novemberwas elected for a seven-year term by popular vote; electionlast held 9 November 1990 (next to be held NA November 1997);head of government: Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December
results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
1994) was nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed bythe presidentcabinet: Cabinet was appointed by the president with previous nominationof by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
elections : president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
election last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held NA November 1997);
prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed
by the president
election results: Mary Bourke ROBINSON elected president; percent of
vote - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001);
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote-Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
chief of state: President Mary Bourke ROBINSON MCALEESE (since 9 11 November 1990) 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister John BRUTON Bertie AHERN (since 15 December 26 June 1997)
1994)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination
by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representativeselections : elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
election last held 9 November 1990 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 1997); 2001);
prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed
by the president
election results: Mary Bourke ROBINSON MCALEESE elected president; percent ofvote - vote-Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2% BANOTTI 29.6%
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 2004);
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote--Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination
by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
election last held 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001);
2004); prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed
appointed by the president
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent ofvote-Mary vote--Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 2004);
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of
vote--Mary
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 2004);
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president;
- percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6% note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 2004);
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 31 October 1997 (next to be held NA November 2004); prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6% note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for 22 October 2004);
- note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election;
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representativeselection results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 31 October 1997 (next
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democratsto be held NA November scheduled for 22 October 2004); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011);
- note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election;
- prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for 22 October 2004); 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011);
- note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election;
- prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; term (eligible for a second term); election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011);
- note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election;
- prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail, the Green Party and the Progressive Democrats
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN (since 26 June 1997)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail Fail, the Green Party and the Progressive Democrats
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Brian COWEN (since 7 May 2008)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011);
- note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election;
- prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail, the Green Party, the Progressive Democrats, and independent members of Parliament
chief of state: President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Bertie AHERN Brian COWEN (since 26 June 1997) 7 May 2008)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
election results: Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail, the Green Party and Party, the Progressive Democrats Democrats, and independent members of Parliament
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Brian COWEN (since 7 May 2008)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011);
- note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election;
- prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note: government coalition - Fianna Fail, the Green Party, the Progressive Democrats (disbanding), and independent members of Parliament
chief of state:
President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government:
Prime Minister Brian COWEN (since 7 May 2008)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president
election results:
Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note:
government coalition - Fianna Fail, the Green Party, the Progressive Democrats, Democrats (disbanding), and independent members of Parliament
- chief of state:
- President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Brian COWEN (since 7 May 2008)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011);
- note - Mary MCALEESE was appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election;
- prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
chief of state:
President Mary MCALEESE (since 11 November 1997)
head of government:Prime Minister Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Brian COWEN (since 7 May 2008)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 1997 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE was appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
election results:
Mary MCALEESE elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6%
note:
government coalition - Fianna Fail, the Green Party, the Progressive Democrats (disbanding), and independent members of Parliament
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 29 October 2011 (next scheduled for October 2018);
- prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS elected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%,
- Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%,
- Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%,
- Gay MITCHELL 6.4%,
- David NORRIS 6.2%
chief of state:
President Mary MCALEESE Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 1997) 29 October 2011)
head of government:
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Brian COWEN Enda KENNY (since 7 May 2008) 9 March 2011)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 29 October 1997 2011 (next scheduled for October 2011); note - Mary MCALEESE was appointed to a second term when no other candidate qualified for the 2004 presidential election; 2018); prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
election results:Mary MCALEESE Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Mary MCALEESE 44.8%, Mary BANOTTI 29.6% Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL 6.4%, David NORRIS 6.2%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the lower house of Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 29 October 2011 (next scheduled for October 2018);
- prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS elected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%,
- Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%,
- Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%,
- Gay MITCHELL 6.4%,
- David NORRIS 6.2%
chief of state:
President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
head of government:
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the House lower house of Representatives Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next scheduled for October 2018); prime minister (taoiseach) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
election results:
Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL 6.4%, David NORRIS 6.2%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the lower house of Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018);
- taoiseach (prime minister} nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS elected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%,
- Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%,
- Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%,
- Gay MITCHELL 6.4%,
- David NORRIS 6.2%,
- other 5.6%
chief of state:
President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
head of government:
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the lower house of Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next scheduled for to be held in October 2018); prime minister (taoiseach) taoiseach (prime minister} nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
election results:
Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL 6.4%, David NORRIS 6.2% 6.2%, other 5.6%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the lower house of Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS elected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%,
- Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%,
- Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%,
- Gay MITCHELL 6.4%,
- David NORRIS 6.2%,
- other 5.6%
chief of state:
President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 29 October 2011)
head of government:
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president with previous nomination by the prime minister and approval of the lower house of Parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister} minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and appointed by the president
election results:
Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL 6.4%, David NORRIS 6.2%, other 5.6%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the lower house of Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS elected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor Party) 39.6%,
- Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%,
- Martin MCGUINNESS (Sinn Fein) 13.7%,
- Gay MITCHELL (Fine Gael) 6.4%,
- David NORRIS (independent) 6.2%,
- other 5.6%
chief of state:29 October 11 November 2011)
head of government:
cabinet:appointed nominated by the president with previous nomination prime minister, appointed by the prime minister and approval of president, approved by the lower house of Parliament(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a
elections:seven-year 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann) and Eireann), appointed by the president
election results:
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011);
- KENNY resigns 9 March 2016;
- reelected prime minister on 6 May 2016
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS elected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor Party) 39.6%,
- Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%,
- Martin MCGUINNESS (Sinn Fein) 13.7%,
- Gay MITCHELL (Fine Gael) 6.4%,
- David NORRIS (independent) 6.2%,
- other 5.6%
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY (since 9 March 2011) 2011); KENNY resigns 9 March 2016; reelected prime minister on 6 May 2016
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the lower Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament Parliament)
elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
election results: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor Party) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS (Sinn Fein) 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David NORRIS (independent) 6.2%, other 5.6%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 14 June 2017)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS elected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor Party) 39.6%,
- Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%,
- Martin MCGUINNESS (Sinn Fein) 13.7%,
- Gay MITCHELL (Fine Gael) 6.4%,
- David NORRIS (independent) 6.2%,
- other 5.6%
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda KENNY Leo VARADKAR (since 9 March 2011); KENNY resigns 9 March 2016; reelected prime minister on 6 May 2016 14 June 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
election results: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor Party) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS (Sinn Fein) 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David NORRIS (independent) 6.2%, other 5.6%
The same text in 2018 and 2019.
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 14 June 2017)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%,
- Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%,
- Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%,
- Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%,
- Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%,
- Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 14 June 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 26 October 2011 2018 (next to be held in October 2018); no later than November 2025); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
election results: Michael D. HIGGINS elected reelected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor Party) 39.6%, (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin MCGUINNESS 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 13.7%, Gay MITCHELL (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David NORRIS Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6.2%, other 5.6% 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
The same text in 2020 and 2021.
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Micheál MARTIN (since 27 June 2020); note - MARTIN will serve through December 2022 and will then be succeeded by Leo VARADKAR
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
- Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%,
- Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%,
- Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%,
- Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%,
- Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%,
- Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR Micheál MARTIN (since 14 27 June 2017) 2020); note - MARTIN will serve through December 2022 and will then be succeeded by Leo VARADKAR
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
election results: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 16 December 2022)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
- 2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
- 2011: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president in second round;
- percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) 13.7%, Gay Mitchell (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David Norris (independent) 6.2%, Mary DAVIS (independent) 2.7%;
- percent of vote in second round - Michael D. HIGGINS 56.8%, Sean GALLAGHER 35.5%
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Micheál MARTIN (since 27 June 2020); note - MARTIN will serve through December 2022 and will then be succeeded by Leo VARADKAR (since 16 December 2022)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
election results: 2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
2011: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) 13.7%, Gay Mitchell (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David Norris (independent) 6.2%, Mary DAVIS (independent) 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Michael D. HIGGINS 56.8%, Sean GALLAGHER 35.5%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 16 December 2022)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
- 2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president;
- percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
- 2011: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president in second round;
- percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) 13.7%, Gay Mitchell (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David Norris (independent) 6.2%, Mary DAVIS (independent) 2.7%;
- percent of vote in second round - Michael D. HIGGINS 56.8%, Sean GALLAGHER 35.5%
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 16 December 2022)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
election results:
2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president; percent of vote - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
2011: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) 13.7%, Gay Mitchell (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David Norris (independent) 6.2%, Mary DAVIS (independent) 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Michael D. HIGGINS 56.8%, Sean GALLAGHER 35.5%
- chief of state:
- President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Simon HARRIS resigned on 18 December 2024 but remains in Caretaker status until a new prime minister is appointed (since 9 April 2024)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- election results:
2024: Simon HARRIS is elected taoiseach by parliament, 88 votes to 69, and is appointed taoiseach by the president
- 2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president in first round;
- percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
- 2011: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president in second round;
- percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) 13.7%, Gay Mitchell (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David Norris (independent) 6.2%, Mary DAVIS (independent) 2.7%;
- percent of vote in second round - Michael D. HIGGINS 56.8%, Sean GALLAGHER 35.5%
note: Taoiseach Leo VARADKAR resigned from the ruling party on 20 March 2024 but remained as the caretaker taoiseach until a successor was appointed on 9 April 2024
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS (since 11 November 2011)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Leo VARADKAR (since 16 Simon HARRIS resigned on 18 December 2022) 2024 but remains in Caretaker status until a new prime minister is appointed (since 9 April 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
elections/appointments: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
election results:
2024: Simon HARRIS is elected taoiseach by parliament, 88 votes to 69, and is appointed taoiseach by the president
2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president; president in first round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
2011: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) 13.7%, Gay Mitchell (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David Norris (independent) 6.2%, Mary DAVIS (independent) 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Michael D. HIGGINS 56.8%, Sean GALLAGHER 35.5%
note: Taoiseach Leo VARADKAR resigned from the ruling party on 20 March 2024 but remained as the caretaker taoiseach until a successor was appointed on 9 April 2024
- chief of state:
- President Catherine CONNOLLY (since 11 November 2025)
- head of government:
- Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Michael MARTIN (since 23 January 2025)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet nominated by the prime minister,
- appointed by the president,
- approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)
- election/appointment process:
- president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
- most recent election date:
- 26 October 2018
- election results:
2025: Michael MARTIN is elected taoiseach by parliament, 95 votes to 76, and is appointed taoiseach by the president
2024: Simon HARRIS is elected taoiseach by parliament, 88 votes to 69, and is appointed taoiseach by the president
- 2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president in first round;
- percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%
- expected date of next election:
- no later than November 2025
chief of state: President Michael D. HIGGINS Catherine CONNOLLY (since 11 November 2011) 2025)
head of government: Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Simon HARRIS resigned on 18 December 2024 but remains in Caretaker status until a new prime minister is appointed Michael MARTIN (since 9 April 2024) 23 January 2025)
cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by the Dali Eireann (lower house of Parliament)elections/appointments: election/appointment process: president directly elected by majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 October 2018 (next to be held no later than November 2025); taoiseach (prime minister) nominated by the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann), appointed by the president
most recent election date: 26 October 2018
election results:
2025: Michael MARTIN is elected taoiseach by parliament, 95 votes to 76, and is appointed taoiseach by the president
2024: Simon HARRIS is elected taoiseach by parliament, 88 votes to 69, and is appointed taoiseach by the president
2018: Michael D. HIGGINS reelected president in first round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (independent) 55.8%, Peter CASEY (independent) 23.3%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 6.4%, Liadh NI RIADA (Sinn Fein) 6.4%, Joan FREEMAN (independent) 6%, Gavin DUFFY (independent) 2.2%2011: Michael D. HIGGINS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Michael D. HIGGINS (Labor) 39.6%, Sean GALLAGHER (independent) 28.5%, Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) 13.7%, Gay Mitchell (Fine Gael) 6.4%, David Norris (independent) 6.2%, Mary DAVIS (independent) 2.7%; percent expected date of vote in second round - Michael D. HIGGINS 56.8%, Sean GALLAGHER 35.5% next election: no later than November 2025
note: Taoiseach Leo VARADKAR resigned from the ruling party on 20 March 2024 but remained as the caretaker taoiseach until a successor was appointed on 9 April 2024
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Ireland: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/ireland/executive-branch.