The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1999 to 2025 Middle East

Background Israel, in 27 editions.

The entry for Israel published Background in 27 editions of 36, from 1999 to 2025. The text changed in 22 editions. Each is shown as published. Background in every entry.

editions changed the text
22
the first edition with it
1999
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Background” (1999 to 2025).

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Israel has become a regional economic and military powerhouse, leveraging its prosperous high-tech sector, large defense industry, and concerns about Iran to foster partnerships around the world. The State of Israel was established in 1948. The UN General Assembly proposed in 1947 partitioning the British Mandate for Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state. T he Jews accepted the proposal, but the l ocal Arabs a nd the Arab states rejected the UN plan and launched a war.

The Arabs were subsequently defeated in the 194 7-1949 war that followed the UN proposal and the British withdrawal. Israel joined the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to Jewish refugee migration from Europe and the Middle East. Israel and its Arab neighbors fought wars in 1956, 1967, and 1973, and Israel signed peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. Israel took control of the West Bank , the eastern part of Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip , the Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights in the course of the 1967 war . It c ede d the Sinai back to Egypt in the 1979 -1982 period but has continued to administer the other territories through military authorities . Israel and Palestinian officials signed interim agreements in the 1990s that created a period of Palestinian self-rule in parts of the West Bank and Gaza.

Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005. The most recent formal efforts between Israel and the Palestinian Authority to negotiate final status issues occurred in 2013 and 2014, and the US continues its efforts to advance peace. Israel signed the US-brokered normalization agreements (the Abraham Accords) with Bahrain, the UAE, and Morocco in 2020 and reached an agreement with Sudan in 2021. Immigration to Israel continues, with more than 44 ,000 estimated new immigrants, mostly Jewish, in t he first 11 months of 202 3.

Former Prime Minister Benjamin NETANYAHU returned to office in 2022, continuing his dominance of Israel's political landscape at the head of Israel's most rightwing and religious government. NETANYAHU previously served as premier from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021, becoming Israel's longest serving prime minister.

On 7 October 2023, HAMAS militants launched a combined unguided rocket and ground terrorist attack from Gaza into southern Israel . The same day Israel’s A i r Force launched air strikes inside Gaza and initiated a sustained air campaign against HAMAS targets across the Gaza Strip. The following day, NETANYAHU formally declared war on HAMAS, and on 28 October, the Israel Defense Forces launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza.

The Israeli economy has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last 30 years, led by cutting-edge high-tech sectors. Offshore gas discoveries in the Mediterranean place Israel at the center of a potential regional natural gas market. In 2022, a US-brokered agreement between Israel and Lebanon established their maritime boundary, allowing Israel to begin production on additional gas fields in the Mediterranean. However, Israel's economic development has been uneven . Structural issues such as low labor-force participation among religious and minority populations, low workforce productivity, high costs for housing and consumer staples, and high income inequality concern both economists and the general popula tion . The current war with Hamas disrupted Israel ’s solid economic fundamentals, but it is not likely to have long-term structural impl ications for the economy .

Israel has become a regional economic and military powerhouse, leveraging its prosperous high-tech sector, large defense industry, and concerns about Iran to foster partnerships around the world. The State of Israel was established in 1948. The UN General Assembly had proposed to partition in 1947 partitioning the British Mandate for Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state. T he Jews accepted the proposal, but the l ocal Arabs a nd the Arab states rejected the UN plan and launched a war. The Arabs were subsequently defeated militarily in the 1948 194 7-1949 war that followed the withdrawal of UN proposal and the British on 14 May 1948. withdrawal. Israel was admitted as a member of joined the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to Jewish refugee migration from Europe and the Middle East, over the following years. East. Israel and its Arab neighbors fought wars in 1967 1956, 1967, and 1973 1973, and Israel signed peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. Israel took control of the West Bank and , the eastern part of Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip , the Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights in the course of the 1967 war, and subsequently administered those war . It c ede d the Sinai back to Egypt in the 1979 -1982 period but has continued to administer the other territories through military authorities. authorities . Israel and Palestinian officials signed interim agreements in the 1990s that created an interim a period of Palestinian self-rule in parts of the West Bank and Gaza. Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005. While the The most recent formal efforts between Israel and the Palestinian Authority to negotiate final status issues occurred in 2013-2014, 2013 and 2014, and the US continues its efforts to advance peace. Israel signed the US-brokered normalization agreements (the Abraham Accords) with Bahrain, the UAE, and Morocco in 2020 and reached an agreement with Sudan in 2021. Immigration to Israel continues, with more than 73,000 44 ,000 estimated new immigrants, mostly Jewish, in 2022. t he first 11 months of 202 3.
Former Prime Minister Benjamin NETANYAHU returned to office in 2022, continuing his dominance of Israel's political landscape at the head of Israel's most rightwing and religious government. NETANYAHU previously served as premier from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021, becoming Israel's longest serving prime minister.
On 7 October 2023, HAMAS militants launched a combined unguided rocket and ground terrorist attack from Gaza into southern Israel .
The same day Israel’s A i r Force launched air strikes inside Gaza and initiated a sustained air campaign against HAMAS targets across the Gaza Strip. The following day, NETANYAHU formally declared war on HAMAS, and on 28 October, the Israel Defense Forces launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza.
The
Israeli economy has undergone a dramatic transformation in the last 30 years, led by cutting-edge, cutting-edge high-tech sectors. Offshore gas discoveries in the Mediterranean, most notably in the Tamar and Leviathan gasfields, Mediterranean place Israel at the center of a potential regional natural gas market. In late 2022, a US-brokered agreement between Israel and Lebanon established their maritime boundary, allowing Israel to begin production on additional gasfields gas fields in the Mediterranean. However, Israel's economic prosperity is not consistently mirrored in the Israeli public's financial stability. development has been uneven . Structural issues such as low labor force labor-force participation among religious and minority populations, low workforce productivity, high costs for housing and consumer staples, and high-income inequality, remain a high income inequality concern for many Israelis and an important consideration for Israeli politicians. Former Prime Minister Benjamin NETANYAHU returned to office in late 2022 continuing his dominance of Israel's political landscape at the head of Israel's most rightwing both economists and religious government. NETANYAHU previously served as premier from 2009 to June 2021, becoming Israel's longest serving prime minister.
On 7 October 2023, Hamas militants inside
the Gaza Strip launched a combined unguided rocket and ground attack in side southern Israel, followed soon after by Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) air strikes inside Gaza. general popula tion . The following day, Israeli Prime Minister NETANYAHU formally declared current war on Gaza. The IDF, on 28 October, launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza. with Hamas disrupted Israel ’s solid economic fundamentals, but it is not likely to have long-term structural impl ications for the economy .

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Central Intelligence Agency. “Israel: Background.” The World Factbook, 1999–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/israel/background.

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