The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1992 to 2025 Asia
Capital Kazakhstan, in 34 editions.
The entry for Kazakhstan published Capital in 34 editions of 34, from 1992 to 2025. The text changed in 18 editions. Each is shown as published. Capital in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 18
- the first edition with it
- 1992
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Capital” (1992 to 2025) and “National capital” (1997 to 1998).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024Alma-Ata (Almaty)
Alma-Ata (Almaty)
Almaty (Alma-Ata)
Alma-Ata (Almaty) Almaty (Alma-Ata)
The same text in 1994 and 1995.
Almaty
Almaty (Alma-Ata)
Entry published as “Kazakstan”.
Almaty
Almaty
Entry published as “Kazakstan”.
Published as “National capital”
Almaty (according to a September 1995 presidential decree, the capital is to be moved to Aqmola)
Almaty (according to a September 1995 presidential
decree, the capital is to be moved to Aqmola)
Published as “National capital”
Astana (Akmola)
note: the government has recently moved from Almaty to Astana
Almaty (according to a September 1995 presidential Astana (Akmola)decree, note: the capital is to be government has recently moved from Almaty to Aqmola) Astana
The same text in 1999 and 2000.
Astana
note: the government moved from Almaty to Astana in December 1998
Astana (Akmola)
note: the government has recently moved from Almaty to Astana in December 1998
The same text in 5 editions, 2001 to 2005.
Astana; note - the government moved from Almaty to Astana in December 1998
Astana Astana; note - the government moved from Almaty to Astana in December 1998
note:
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 30 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into three time zones
Rewritten: too little of the 2005 text remains to mark the changes.
name: Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 30 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into three time zones
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into three time zones
name: Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 30 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into three time zones
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into two time zones
name: Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into three two time zones
The same text in 5 editions, 2009 to 2013.
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan is divided into two time zones
name:
Astana
geographic coordinates:
51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference:
UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
note:
Kazakhstan is divided into two time zones
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan has two time zones
name:
Astana
geographic coordinates:
51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference:
UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC DC, during Standard Time)
note:
Kazakhstan is divided into has two time zones
The same text in 4 editions, 2015 to 2018.
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan has two time zones
name:
geographic coordinates:
time difference:
note:
- name:
- Nur-Sultan
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
note 1: Kazakhstan has two time zones
note 2: on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998
Rewritten: too little of the 2018 text remains to mark the changes.
name: Nur-Sultan
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
note 1: Kazakhstan has two time zones
note 2: on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998
- name:
- Nur-Sultan
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
note: Kazakhstan has two time zones
- etymology:
- on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV;
- this was not the first time the city had its name changed;
- founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998
name: Nur-Sultan
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)note 1: note: Kazakhstan has two time zonesnote 2: etymology: on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998
- name:
- Nur-Sultan
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- time zone note:
- Kazakhstan has two time zones
- etymology:
- on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV;
- this was not the first time the city had its name changed;
- founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998
name: Nur-Sultan
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: Kazakhstan has two time zones
etymology: on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998
The same text in 2022 and 2023.
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- time zone note:
- Kazakhstan has two time zones
- etymology:
- the name means "capital city" in Kazakh
note: on 17 September 2022, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Nur-Sultan back to Astana; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, Astana in 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019; the latest name change occurred just three and a half years after the city was renamed to honor a long-serving (28-year) former president, who subsequently fell out of favor
name: Nur-Sultan Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: Kazakhstan has two time zones
etymology: the name means "capital city" in Kazakh
note: on 20 March 2019, 17 September 2022, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; back to Astana; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019; the latest name change occurred just three and a half years after the city was renamed to honor a long-serving (28-year) former president, who subsequently fell out of favor
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- time zone note:
- On 1 March 2024, Kazakhstan moved from two time zones to using one time zone
- etymology:
- the name means "capital city" in Kazakh
note: on 17 September 2022, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Nur-Sultan back to Astana; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, Astana in 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019; the latest name change occurred just three and a half years after the city was renamed to honor a long-serving (28-year) former president, who subsequently fell out of favor
name: Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: On 1 March 2024, Kazakhstan has moved from two time zones to using one time zone
etymology: the name means "capital city" in Kazakh
note: on 17 September 2022, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Nur-Sultan back to Astana; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, Astana in 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019; the latest name change occurred just three and a half years after the city was renamed to honor a long-serving (28-year) former president, who subsequently fell out of favor
- name:
- Astana
- geographic coordinates:
- 51 10 N, 71 25 E
- time difference:
- UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- time zone note:
- On 1 March 2024, Kazakhstan moved from using two time zones to one
- etymology:
- the name means "capital city" in Kazakh
note: founded in 1830 as Akmoly, the capital city became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, Astana in 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019; the latest name change back to Astana in 2022 occurred just three and a half years after the city was renamed to honor a former president, who subsequently fell out of favor
name: Astana
geographic coordinates: 51 10 N, 71 25 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: On 1 March 2024, Kazakhstan moved from using two time zones to using one time zone
etymology: the name means "capital city" in Kazakh
note: on 17 September 2022, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Nur-Sultan back to Astana; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it the capital city became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, Astana in 1998, and Nur-Sultan in 2019; the latest name change back to Astana in 2022 occurred just three and a half years after the city was renamed to honor a long-serving (28-year) former president, who subsequently fell out of favor
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Kazakhstan: Capital.” The World Factbook, 1992–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/kazakhstan/capital.