The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1992 to 2024 Asia
Telecommunication systems Kazakhstan, in 33 editions.
The entry for Kazakhstan published Telecommunication systems in 33 editions of 34, from 1992 to 2024. The text changed in 27 editions. Each is shown as published. Telecommunication systems in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 27
- the first edition with it
- 1992
- the latest edition with it
- 2024
Published as “Telecommunications” (1992 to 1994), “Telephone system” (1995 to 2019) and “Telecommunication systems” (2020 to 2024).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2024 edition
Changed since 2023Published as “Telecommunications”
- telephone service is poor, with only about 6 telephones for each 100 persons;
- of the approximately 1 million telephones, Alma-Ata has 184,000;
- international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through the Moscow international gateway switch;
- satellite earth stations - INTELSAT and Orbita
telephone service is poor, with only about 6 telephones for each 100
persons; of the approximately 1 million telephones, Alma-Ata has 184,000;
international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by
landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through
the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT
and Orbita
Published as “Telecommunications”
- telephone service is poor, with only about 6 telephones for each 100 persons;
- of the approximately 1 million telephones, Almaty (Alma-Ata) has 184,000;
- international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch;
- satellite earth stations - INTELSAT and Orbita (TV receive only);
- new satellite ground station established at Almaty with Turkish financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width
telephone service is poor, with only about 6 telephones for each 100
persons; of the approximately 1 million telephones, Alma-Ata Almaty (Alma-Ata) has 184,000;
184,000; international traffic with other former USSR republics and China
carried bythrough
through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow
international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT
(TV receive only); new satellite ground station established at Almaty with
Turkish financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width
Published as “Telecommunications”
- telephone service is poor, with only about 17 telephones for each 100 persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones per 100 persons in rural areas;
- of the approximately 2.2 million telephones, Almaty has 184,000;
- broadcast receivers - TVs 4,750,000, radios 4,088,000, radio receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion 6,082,000;
- international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch;
- satellite earth stations - INTELSAT and Orbita (TV receive only);
- new satellite ground station established at Almaty with Turkish financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width
telephone service is poor, with only about 6 17 telephones for each 100persons; persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones per 100 persons in rural
areas; of the approximately 1 2.2 million telephones, Almaty (Alma-Ata) has
184,000; broadcast receivers - TVs 4,750,000, radios 4,088,000, radio
receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion
6,082,000; international traffic with other former USSR republics and China
China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by
satellite and
the Moscow
INTELSAT and Orbita
established at Almaty with
2500 channel band width
Published as “Telephone system”
- 2.2 million telephones;
- telephone service is poor;
- about 17 telephones/100 persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones/100 persons in rural areas;
- Almaty has 184,000 telephones
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- land line and microwave radio relay
- international:
- international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch;
- INTELSAT earth station;
- new satellite earth station established at Almaty with Turkish financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width
2.2 million telephones; telephone service is poor, with only poor;
about 17 telephones for each 100telephones/100 persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones per 100 telephones/100
persons in ruralof the approximately 2.2 million telephones, Almaty has 184,000 telephones184,000; broadcast receivers - TVs 4,750,000, radios 4,088,000, radio local: NAreceiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion intercity: land line and microwave radio relay6,082,000; international: international traffic with other former USSR republics and
and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by
by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at
at the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite INTELSAT earth stations - station;INTELSAT and Orbita (TV receive only); new satellite ground earth station
financial help (December 1992) with
Entry published as “Kazakstan”.
Published as “Telephone system”
service is poor
- domestic:
- landline and microwave radio relay
- international:
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch;
- satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat and a new satellite earth station established at Almaty of unknown type
2.2 million telephones; telephone service is poor; poor
about 17 telephones/100 persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones/100
persons in rural areas; Almaty has 184,000 telephones
local: NAintercity: land line domestic: landline and microwave radio relay
international: international traffic with other former USSR republics Soviet
republics and China carried by landline and microwave, microwave radio relay
and with other countries
telecommunications circuits
switch; INTELSAT satellite earth station;stations - 1 Intelsat and a new satellite
earth station established at Almaty with Turkish of unknown type
financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width
Entry published as “Kazakstan”.
Published as “Telephone system”
service is poor
- domestic:
- landline and microwave radio relay
- international:
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch;
- satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat and a new satellite earth station established at Almaty of unknown type
service is poor
domestic: landline and microwave radio relay
international: international traffic with other former Soviet
republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay
with other countries by satellite and through 8 international
telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway
switch; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat and a new satellite
earth station established at Almaty of unknown type
Published as “Telephone system”
service is poor
- domestic:
- landline and microwave radio relay
- international:
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch;
- satellite earth stations-1 Intelsat and a new satellite earth station established at Almaty of unknown type
service is poor
domestic: landline and microwave radio relay
international: international traffic with other former Soviet
republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and
with other countries by satellite and through 8 international
telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway
switch; satellite earth stations - 1 stations-1 Intelsat and a new satellite
station established at Almaty of unknown type
Published as “Telephone system”
service is poor
- domestic:
- landline and microwave radio relay; AMPS standard cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
- international:
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch;
- satellite earth stations--1 Intelsat and a new digital satellite earth station established at Almaty;
- a third satellite earth station at Atyrau provides teleconnectivity to the AT&T network via Intelsat;
- cable connected by the Trans-Asia-Europe Fiber-Optic Line
service is poor
domestic: landline and microwave radio relay relay; AMPS standard cellular
systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
international: international traffic with other former Soviet
republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and
and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international
telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway
switch; satellite earth stations-1 stations--1 Intelsat and a new digital
satellite earthAlmaty of unknown type Almaty; a third satellite
earth station at Atyrau provides teleconnectivity to the AT&T
network via Intelsat; cable connected by the Trans-Asia-Europe
Fiber-Optic Line
Published as “Telephone system”
service is poor; equipment antiquated
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
- international:
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay;
- with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
service is poor poor; equipment antiquated
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; AMPS standard mobile cellular
international: international traffic with other former Sovietrelay relay; with other countries by satellite and
andthrough 8 international by the
telecommunications circuits atMoscow international gateway Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth
switch;stations--1 stations - 2 Intelsat and a new digital
satellite earth station established at Almaty; a third satellite
earth station at Atyrau provides teleconnectivity to the AT&T
network via Intelsat; cable connected by the Trans-Asia-Europe
Fiber-Optic Line
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- service is poor;
- equipment antiquated domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan international: international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay;
- with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
general assessment: service is poor; equipment antiquated
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- service is poor; equipment antiquated
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
- international:
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay;
- with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
general assessment: service is poor; equipment antiquated
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
international: international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay; with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- service is poor; equipment antiquated
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
- international:
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
general assessment: service is poor; equipment antiquated
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
international: international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay; relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
The same text in 3 editions, 2004 to 2006.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- service is poor; equipment antiquated
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
general assessment: service is poor; equipment antiquated
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity is about 20 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly and subscriptions now exceed 50 per 100
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
general assessment: service is poor; equipment antiquated inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most number of Kazakhstan fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity is about 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly and subscriptions now exceed 50 per 100
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity is about 20 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly and subscriptions now exceed 80 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2007)
general assessment: inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity is about 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly and subscriptions now exceed 50 80 per 100 persons
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2007)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now exceeds 20 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly and the subscriber base now is roughly 100 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)
general assessment:
inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
domestic:
intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity is about now exceeds 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly and subscriptions the subscriber base now exceed 80 is roughly 100 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2007) (2008)
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now roughly 25 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage is increasing and the subscriber base now is roughly 100 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)
general assessment:
inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
domestic:
intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now exceeds 20 roughly 25 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly and the subscriber base now is roughly 100 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)
The same text in 3 editions, 2012 to 2014.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now roughly 25 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 140 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)
general assessment:
inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
domestic:
intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now roughly 25 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now is roughly 100 exceeds 140 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now roughly 25 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 140 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008)
general assessment:
domestic:
international:
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is inadequate;
- mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 170 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2015)
general assessment: inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing and fixed-line teledensity now roughly 25 per 100 persons; inadequate; mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 140 170 per 100 persons
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2008) (2015)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is inadequate;
- mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 140 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2017)
general assessment: inherited an outdated telecommunications network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is inadequate; mobile-cellular usage has increased rapidly and the subscriber base now exceeds 170 approaches 140 per 100 persons
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2015) (2017)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- one of the most progressive telecoms sectors in Central Asia;
- vast 4G network;
- low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration, moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration (2017)
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is 20 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 143 per 100 persons (2017)
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2017)
general assessment: inherited an outdated telecommunications network from one of the Soviet era requiring modernization most progressive telecoms sectors in Central Asia; vast 4G network; low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration, moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration (2017)
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is inadequate; 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 140 143 per 100 persons (2017)
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2017)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- one of the most progressive telecoms sectors in Central Asia;
- vast 4G network;
- low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration, moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration (2018)
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is 20 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 143 per 100 persons (2018)
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
general assessment: one of the most progressive telecoms sectors in Central Asia; vast 4G network; low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration, moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration (2017) (2018)
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 143 per 100 persons (2017) (2018)
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (2017)
- general assessment:
- one of the most progressive telecoms sectors in Central Asia;
- vast 4G network;
- low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration, moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration;
- mobile market highly competitive and slow growth due to saturation (2020)
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is 17 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 139 per 100 persons (2019)
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
general assessment: one of the most progressive telecoms sectors in Central Asia; vast 4G network; low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration, moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration (2018) penetration; mobile market highly competitive and slow growth due to saturation (2020)
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is 20 17 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 143 139 per 100 persons (2018) (2019)
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) TAE fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
- general assessment:
- one of the most progressive telecom sectors in Central Asia;
- vast 4G network;
- low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration;
- moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration;
- mobile market highly competitive and growth is slow due to saturation (2020)
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is 17 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 139 per 100 persons (2019)
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
general assessment: one of the most progressive telecoms telecom sectors in Central Asia; vast 4G network; low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration, penetration; moderate mobile broadband penetration and high mobile penetration; mobile market highly competitive and slow growth is slow due to saturation (2020)
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is 17 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage increased rapidly and the subscriber base approaches 139 per 100 persons (2019)
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect consequent restriction on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable services as a tool for work and satellite - has moderated school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
- general assessment:
- Kazakhstan has one of the most developed telecommunications sectors in the Central Asian region;
- this is especially true of the mobile segment, where widespread network coverage has enabled very high penetration rates reaching 180% as far back as 2012;
- the mobile and fixed-line segments have both pared back their subscriber numbers to more modest levels;
- the telcos have still been successful in terms of improving their margins and revenues by growing value-added services along with exploiting the capabilities of their higher speed networks (4G LTE as well as fiber) to drive significant increases in data usage;
- Kazakhstan has enjoyed a high fixed-line teledensity thanks to concerted efforts to invest in the fixed-line infrastructure as well as next-generation networks;
- demand for traditional voice services is on the wane as customers take a preference for the flexibility and ubiquity of the mobile platform for voice as well as data services;
- mobile clearly dominates the telecom sector in Kazakhstan, yet 2020 saw a sharp drop in subscriber numbers for both mobile voice and mobile broadband services as the Covid-19 crisis took hold;
- with the exception of fixed-line voice services, Kazakhstan’s telecom market is expected to return to moderate growth from 2022 onward;
- the extensive deployment of LTE networks across the country (along with the prospect of 5G services being added to the mix in 2023) points towards an even greater uptake of lucrative mobile broadband services, in particular (2021)
- domestic:
- intercity by landline and microwave radio relay;
- number of fixed-line connections is approximately 16 per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular subscriber base 129 per 100 persons (2020)
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
Rewritten: too little of the 2021 text remains to mark the changes.
general assessment: Kazakhstan has one of the most developed telecommunications sectors in the Central Asian region; this is especially true of the mobile segment, where widespread network coverage has enabled very high penetration rates reaching 180% as far back as 2012; the mobile and fixed-line segments have both pared back their subscriber numbers to more modest levels; the telcos have still been successful in terms of improving their margins and revenues by growing value-added services along with exploiting the capabilities of their higher speed networks (4G LTE as well as fiber) to drive significant increases in data usage; Kazakhstan has enjoyed a high fixed-line teledensity thanks to concerted efforts to invest in the fixed-line infrastructure as well as next-generation networks; demand for traditional voice services is on the wane as customers take a preference for the flexibility and ubiquity of the mobile platform for voice as well as data services; mobile clearly dominates the telecom sector in Kazakhstan, yet 2020 saw a sharp drop in subscriber numbers for both mobile voice and mobile broadband services as the Covid-19 crisis took hold; with the exception of fixed-line voice services, Kazakhstan’s telecom market is expected to return to moderate growth from 2022 onward; the extensive deployment of LTE networks across the country (along with the prospect of 5G services being added to the mix in 2023) points towards an even greater uptake of lucrative mobile broadband services, in particular (2021)
domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is approximately 16 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriber base 129 per 100 persons (2020)
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
- general assessment:
- Kazakhstan has one of the most developed telecommunications sectors in the Central Asian region;
- this is especially true of the mobile segment;
- the principal telcos have successfully generated revenue growth on the back of value-added services and the extended each of LTE and fiber networks;
- this has resulted in strong growth in mobile fixed line traffic;
- the mobile segment dominates the telecom sector in Kazakhstan overall, there was a drop in the number of subscribers in 2020;
- these effects also limited growth in 2021, though the easing of restrictions in 2022 resulted in a stronger recovery;
- the extensive deployment of LTE networks across the country, and the launch of limited 5G services in mid-2023 will provide a steady increase mobile broadband services (2021)
- domestic:
- fixed telephone subscriptions are 16 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriber base 127 per 100 persons (2021)
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
Rewritten: too little of the 2022 text remains to mark the changes.
general assessment: Kazakhstan has one of the most developed telecommunications sectors in the Central Asian region; this is especially true of the mobile segment; the principal telcos have successfully generated revenue growth on the back of value-added services and the extended each of LTE and fiber networks; this has resulted in strong growth in mobile fixed line traffic; the mobile segment dominates the telecom sector in Kazakhstan overall, there was a drop in the number of subscribers in 2020; these effects also limited growth in 2021, though the easing of restrictions in 2022 resulted in a stronger recovery; the extensive deployment of LTE networks across the country, and the launch of limited 5G services in mid-2023 will provide a steady increase mobile broadband services (2021)
domestic: fixed telephone subscriptions are 16 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriber base 127 per 100 persons (2021)
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
- general assessment:
- Kazakhstan has one of the most developed telecommunications sectors in the region;
- this is especially true of the mobile segment, where the country has the second fastest average mobile data rates in Central Asia after Azerbaijan;
- the competing Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) have built extensive Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks: about 76% of mobile subscribers were on LTE as of March 2024, while the company’s LTE network provided 89% geographic coverage;
- this widespread network coverage, as well as the development of 5G networks, has been encouraged by the government with the second stage of its Digital Kazakhstan program, by which most settlements across the country will be furnished with mobile internet connectivity;
- the remaining rural villages will be covered by satellite services;
- at the turn of the century, Kazakhstan had a relatively high fixed-line tele density thanks to efforts to invest in the fixed-line infrastructure and in next-generation networks;
- the gobal demand for traditional voice services are decreasing as customers are increasingly attracted to the flexibility of the mobile platform for voice as well as data services (2024)
- domestic:
- fixed telephone subscriptions are 15 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriber base 130 per 100 persons (2022)
- international:
- country code - 7;
- international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
general assessment: Kazakhstan has one of the most developed telecommunications sectors in the Central Asian region; this is especially true of the mobile segment; segment, where the principal telcos country has the second fastest average mobile data rates in Central Asia after Azerbaijan; the competing Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) have successfully generated revenue growth built extensive Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks: about 76% of mobile subscribers were on the back LTE as of value-added services and March 2024, while the extended each of company’s LTE and fiber networks; network provided 89% geographic coverage; this widespread network coverage, as well as the development of 5G networks, has resulted in strong growth in mobile fixed line traffic; been encouraged by the government with the second stage of its Digital Kazakhstan program, by which most settlements across the country will be furnished with mobile segment dominates internet connectivity; the telecom sector in remaining rural villages will be covered by satellite services; at the turn of the century, Kazakhstan overall, there was had a drop relatively high fixed-line tele density thanks to efforts to invest in the number of subscribers in 2020; these effects also limited growth fixed-line infrastructure and in 2021, though next-generation networks; the easing of restrictions in 2022 resulted in a stronger recovery; gobal demand for traditional voice services are decreasing as customers are increasingly attracted to the extensive deployment flexibility of LTE networks across the country, and the launch of limited 5G services in mid-2023 will provide a steady increase mobile broadband platform for voice as well as data services (2021) (2024)
domestic: fixed telephone subscriptions are 16 15 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriber base 127 130 per 100 persons (2021) (2022)
international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the TAE fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Kazakhstan: Telecommunication systems.” The World Factbook, 1992–2024 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/kazakhstan/telecommunication-systems.