The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2024 Middle East
Telecommunication systems Lebanon, in 35 editions.
The entry for Lebanon published Telecommunication systems in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2024. The text changed in 28 editions. Each is shown as published. Telecommunication systems in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 28
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2024
Published as “Telecommunications” (1990 to 1994), “Telephone system” (1995 to 2019) and “Telecommunication systems” (2020 to 2024).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2024 edition
Same as 2023The same text in 1990 and 1991.
Published as “Telecommunications”
- rebuilding program disrupted;
- had fair system of radio relay, cable;
- 325,000 telephones;
- stations--5 AM, 3 FM, 15 TV;
- 1 inactive Indian Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth station;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables;
- radio relay to Jordan and Syria, inoperable
rebuilding program disrupted; had fair system of radio relay, cable; 325,000 telephones; stations--5 AM, 3 FM, 15 TV; 1 inactive Indian Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth station; 3 submarine coaxial cables; radio relay to Jordan and Syria, inoperable
Published as “Telecommunications”
- rebuilding program disrupted;
- had fair system of microwave relay, cable;
- 325,000 telephones;
- broadcast stations - 5 AM, 3 FM (numerous AM and FM radio stations are operated inconsistently by various factions), 13 TV;
- 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth station, erratic operations;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables;
- radio relay to Jordan inoperable, but operational to Syria, coaxial cable to Syria
rebuilding program disrupted; had fair system of radio microwave relay, cable;
325,000 telephones; stations--5 broadcast stations - 5 AM, 3 FM, 15 FM (numerous AM and FM
radio stations are operated inconsistently by various factions), 13 TV; 1 inactive
Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth station; station,
erratic operations; 3 submarine coaxial cables; radio relay to Jordan and
inoperable, but operational to Syria, inoperable coaxial cable to Syria
Published as “Telecommunications”
- telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war;
- rebuilding still underway;
- 325,000 telephones (95 telephones per 1,000 persons);
- domestic traffic carried primarily by microwave radio relay and a small amount of cable;
- international traffic by satellite - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station (erratic operations), coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan, 3 submarine coaxial cables;
- broadcast stations - 5 AM, 3 FM, 13 TV (numerous AM and FM stations are operated sporadically by various factions)
Rewritten: too little of the 1992 text remains to mark the changes.
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding still
underway; 325,000 telephones (95 telephones per 1,000 persons); domestic
traffic carried primarily by microwave radio relay and a small amount of
cable; international traffic by satellite - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth
station and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station (erratic operations),
coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond
Syria to Jordan, 3 submarine coaxial cables; broadcast stations - 5 AM, 3
FM, 13 TV (numerous AM and FM stations are operated sporadically by various
factions)
Published as “Telecommunications”
- telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war;
- rebuilding still underway;
- 325,000 telephones (95 telephones per 1,000 persons);
- domestic traffic carried primarily by microwave radio relay and a small amount of cable;
- international traffic by satellite - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station (erratic operations), coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan, 3 submarine coaxial cables;
- broadcast stations - 5 AM, 3 FM, 13 TV (numerous AM and FM stations are operated sporadically by various factions)
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding still
still underway; 325,000 telephones (95 telephones per 1,000 persons); domestic
domestic traffic carried primarily by microwave radio relay and a
small amount of
Ocean INTELSAT earth
station (erratic operations),
relay to Syria but inoperable beyond
coaxial cables; broadcast stations - 5 AM, 3
and FM stations are operated sporadically by various
Published as “Telephone system”
- 325,000 telephones;
- 95 telephones/1,000 persons;
- telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war;
- rebuilding still underway
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) earth stations (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
325,000 telephones; 95 telephones/1,000 persons;
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding
still underway; 325,000 telephones (95 telephones per 1,000 persons); underwaydomestic traffic carried local: NA
intercity: primarily by microwave radio relay and a cablesmall amount of cable; international traffic by satellite - 1 international: 2 INTELSAT (1 IndianINTELSAT earth station and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT Ocean) earthstation stations (erratic operations), operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio
relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan, Jordan; 3 submarine
coaxial cables; broadcast stations - 5 AM, 3 FM, 13 TV (numerous AM cables
and FM stations are operated sporadically by various factions)
Published as “Telephone system”
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding still underway
- domestic:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
325,000 telephones; 95 telephones/1,000 persons;telecommunications system severely damaged by
civil war; rebuildinglocal: NA domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable
intercity:
international: satellite earth stations - 2 INTELSAT Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean
and 1 Atlantic Ocean) earth (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria;
stations
microwave radio
Jordan; 3 submarine
Published as “Telephone system”
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
- domestic:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
telecommunications system severely damaged by
war; rebuilding still well underway
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean
and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria;
microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to
3 submarine coaxial cables
Published as “Telephone system”
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
- domestic:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- satellite earth stations-2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil
war; rebuilding well underway
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable
international: satellite earth stations - 2 stations-2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean
1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria;
microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
3 submarine coaxial cables
Published as “Telephone system”
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
- domestic:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- satellite earth stations--2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil
civil war; rebuilding well underway
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable
international: satellite earth stations-2 stations--2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and
and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria;
microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables
Published as “Telephone system”
telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
- domestic:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
telecommunications system severely damaged by
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable
international: satellite earth stations--2 stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war;
- rebuilding well underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
general assessment: telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
- domestic:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
general assessment: telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
- domestic:
- primarily microwave radio relay and cable
- international:
- country code - 961;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
general assessment: telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable
international: country code - 961; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two commercial wireless networks provide good service; political instability hampers privatization and deployment of new technologies
- international:
- country code - 961;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations);
- coaxial cable to Syria;
- 3 submarine coaxial cables
general assessment: repair of the telecommunications system system, severely damaged by during the civil war; rebuilding well underway war, now complete
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay two commercial wireless networks provide good service; political instability hampers privatization and cable deployment of new technologies
international: country code - 961; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- 2 wireless networks provide good service;
- political instability hampers privatization and deployment of new technologies;
- combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership approaching 50 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable link to Cyprus;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria
general assessment: repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic: two commercial 2 wireless networks provide good service; political instability hampers privatization and deployment of new technologies technologies; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership approaching 50 per 100 persons
international: country code - 961; submarine cable link to Cyprus; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria; 3 submarine coaxial cables Syria
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two wireless networks provide good service;
- political instability hampers privatization and deployment of new technologies;
- combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership 50 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable link to Cyprus;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2007)
general assessment: repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic: 2 two wireless networks provide good service; political instability hampers privatization and deployment of new technologies; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership approaching 50 per 100 persons
international: country code - 961; submarine cable link to Cyprus; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2007)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two wireless networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 50 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2008)
general assessment:
repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic:
two wireless networks provide good service; political instability hampers privatization and deployment of new technologies; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 50 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 961; submarine cable link links to Cyprus; Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2007) (2008)
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 55 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2009)
general assessment:
repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic:
two wireless mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 50 55 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2008) (2009)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria
general assessment:
repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic:
two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 55 roughly 100 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2009)
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2011)
general assessment:
repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic:
two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2011)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2011)
general assessment:
domestic:
international:
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership almost 90 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2015)
general assessment: repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic: two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 almost 90 per 100 persons
international: country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2011) (2015)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- repair of the telecommunications system,
- severely damaged during the civil war,
- now complete
- domestic:
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership about 95 per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2016)
general assessment: repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
domestic: two mobile-cellular networks provide good service; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership almost 90 about 95 per 100 persons
international: country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2015) (2016)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- new landlines and fibre-optic networks installed along with faster DSL in 2017;
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service,with 4G LTE services;
- preparing for 5G service;
- future improvements to fibre-optic infrastructure for total nation coverage in 2020 (2017)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 17 per 100 and 79 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2017)
- international:
- country code - 961;
- submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean);
- coaxial cable to Syria (2016)
general assessment: repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete new landlines and fibre-optic networks installed along with faster DSL in 2017; two mobile-cellular networks provide good service,with 4G LTE services; preparing for 5G service;
domestic:combined future improvements to fibre-optic infrastructure for total nation coverage in 2020 (2017)
domestic: fixed-line 17 per 100 and mobile-cellular subscribership about 95 79 per 100 persons for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2017)
international: country code - 961; submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, and Syria; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2016)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- new landlines and fiber-optic networks installed along with faster DSL in 2017;
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service, with 4G LTE services;
- preparing for 5G service;
- future improvements to fiber-optic infrastructure for total nation coverage in 2020 (2018)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 17 per 100 and 79 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2018)
- international:
- country code - 961;
- landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
general assessment: new landlines and fibre-optic fiber-optic networks installed along with faster DSL in 2017; two mobile-cellular networks provide good service,with service, with 4G LTE services; preparing for 5G service; future improvements to fibre-optic fiber-optic infrastructure for total nation coverage in 2020 (2017) (2018)
domestic: fixed-line 17 per 100 and 79 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2017) (2018)
international: country code - 961; landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Cyprus, Egypt, Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Syria; Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean); coaxial cable to Syria (2016) Ocean) (2019)
- general assessment:
- two mobile-cellular networks provide good service, with 4G LTE services;
- future improvements to fiber-optic infrastructure for total nation coverage proposed by 2020;
- in 2018 first successful 5G trial conducted and in 2019 first live mobile 5G site launched, unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted telecoms industry and pricing has been raised (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 13 per 100 and 62 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2019)
- international:
- country code - 961;
- landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
general assessment: new landlines and fiber-optic networks installed along with faster DSL in 2017; two mobile-cellular networks provide good service, with 4G LTE services; preparing for 5G service; future improvements to fiber-optic infrastructure for total nation coverage proposed by 2020; in 2020 (2018) 2018 first successful 5G trial conducted and in 2019 first live mobile 5G site launched, unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted telecoms industry and pricing has been raised (2020)
domestic: fixed-line 17 13 per 100 and 79 62 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2018) (2019)
international: country code - 961; landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
- general assessment:
- struggling with effects of the economic crisis compounded by the Covid-19 pandemic and the Port of Beirut explosion in 2020;
- Lebanon’s telecom infrastructure is relatively weak and services are expensive;
- rural areas are less connected and experience frequent power cuts;
- state retains a monopoly over the Internet backbone and dominant ownership of the telecom industry;
- government backed improvements to fixed infrastructure;
- new landlines and fiber-optic networks provide faster DSL;
- limited 5G services;
- three international gateways through submarine cables;
- importer of broadcasting equipment from UAE;
- UAE investment in tech solutions (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line 13 per 100 and 62 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2019)
- international:
- country code - 961;
- landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
Rewritten: too little of the 2020 text remains to mark the changes.
general assessment: struggling with effects of the economic crisis compounded by the Covid-19 pandemic and the Port of Beirut explosion in 2020; Lebanon’s telecom infrastructure is relatively weak and services are expensive; rural areas are less connected and experience frequent power cuts; state retains a monopoly over the Internet backbone and dominant ownership of the telecom industry; government backed improvements to fixed infrastructure; new landlines and fiber-optic networks provide faster DSL; limited 5G services; three international gateways through submarine cables; importer of broadcasting equipment from UAE; UAE investment in tech solutions (2020)
domestic: fixed-line 13 per 100 and 62 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2019)
international: country code - 961; landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
- general assessment:
- Lebanon’s economic crisis has had a dire effect on the country’s telecom services;
- although some progress has been made with developing 5G, the poor economic conditions have contributed to an erratic electricity supply and a lack of fuel to maintain generators;
- this has meant that internet services to areas of the country are not available on a regular basis, frustrating all those who depend on stable connectivity, and stalling business growth;
- adding to the difficulties are the combined stresses of the pandemic and the political crisis;
- a caretaker cabinet in September 2021 made way for a new government though there is little confidence on the ground that sectarian-based political horse-trading will give way to responsible governing to improve the lot of the stressed populace (2022)
- domestic:
- fixed-line nearly 13 per 100 and nearly 63 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)
- international:
- country code - 961;
- landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
general assessment: struggling with effects of the Lebanon’s economic crisis compounded by the Covid-19 pandemic and has had a dire effect on the Port of Beirut explosion in 2020; Lebanon’s country’s telecom infrastructure is relatively weak services; although some progress has been made with developing 5G, the poor economic conditions have contributed to an erratic electricity supply and a lack of fuel to maintain generators; this has meant that internet services are expensive; rural to areas of the country are less connected and experience frequent power cuts; state retains not available on a monopoly over the Internet backbone regular basis, frustrating all those who depend on stable connectivity, and dominant ownership stalling business growth; adding to the difficulties are the combined stresses of the telecom industry; pandemic and the political crisis; a caretaker cabinet in September 2021 made way for a new government backed improvements though there is little confidence on the ground that sectarian-based political horse-trading will give way to fixed infrastructure; new landlines and fiber-optic networks provide faster DSL; limited 5G services; three international gateways through submarine cables; importer responsible governing to improve the lot of broadcasting equipment from UAE; UAE investment in tech solutions (2020) the stressed populace (2022)
domestic: fixed-line nearly 13 per 100 and 62 nearly 63 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2019) (2020)
international: country code - 961; landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards toward 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and has increased due to the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became is still evident, and received some support from governments the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
The same text in 2023 and 2024.
- general assessment:
- Lebanon’s economic crisis has had a dire effect on the country’s telecom services;
- although some progress has been made with developing 5G, the poor economic conditions have contributed to an erratic electricity supply and a lack of fuel to maintain generators;
- this has meant that internet services to areas of the country are not available on a regular basis, frustrating all those who depend on stable connectivity, and stalling business growth;
- adding to the difficulties is the political crisis;
- the cabinet went into caretaker status after the National Assembly election in May 2022 meaning it can only engage in routine decision making;
- there is little confidence on the ground that sectarian-based political horse-trading will give way to responsible governing to improve the lot of the stressed populace (2023)
- domestic:
- fixed-line is 16 per 100 and 77 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2021)
- international:
- country code - 961;
- landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia;
- satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
general assessment: Lebanon’s economic crisis has had a dire effect on the country’s telecom services; although some progress has been made with developing 5G, the poor economic conditions have contributed to an erratic electricity supply and a lack of fuel to maintain generators; this has meant that internet services to areas of the country are not available on a regular basis, frustrating all those who depend on stable connectivity, and stalling business growth; adding to the difficulties are the combined stresses of the pandemic and is the political crisis; a caretaker the cabinet went into caretaker status after the National Assembly election in September 2021 made way for a new government though May 2022 meaning it can only engage in routine decision making; there is little confidence on the ground that sectarian-based political horse-trading will give way to responsible governing to improve the lot of the stressed populace (2022) (2023)
domestic: fixed-line nearly 13 is 16 per 100 and nearly 63 77 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020) (2021)
international: country code - 961; landing points for the IMEWE, BERYTAR AND CADMOS submarine cable links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Lebanon: Telecommunication systems.” The World Factbook, 1990–2024 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/lebanon/telecommunication-systems.