The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Africa
Executive branch Madagascar, in 35 editions.
The entry for Madagascar published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 30 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 30
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
- president,
- Supreme Council of the Revolution,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers
president, Supreme Council of the Revolution, prime minister, Council of Ministers
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Guy RASANAMAZY (since 8 August 1991)
Published as “Elections”
- President:
- last held on 12 March 1989 (next to be held NA 1992);
- results - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 62%, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA (MFM/MFT) 20%, Dr. Jerome Marojama RAZANABAHINY (VONJY) 15%, Monja JAONA (MONIMA) 3%
- Popular National Assembly:
- last held on 28 May 1989 (next to be held 1992);
- results - AREMA 88.2%, MFM 5.1%, AKFM 3.7%, VONJY 2.2%, other 0.8%;
- seats - (137 total) AREMA 120, MFM 7, AKFM 5, VONJY 4, MONIMA 1
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers
Chief of State:
President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Guy RASANAMAZY (since 8 August 1991)
President:
last held on 12 March 1989 (next to be held NA 1992); results - Didier
RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 62%, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA (MFM/MFT) 20%, Dr. Jerome
Marojama RAZANABAHINY (VONJY) 15%, Monja JAONA (MONIMA) 3%
Popular National Assembly:
last held on 28 May 1989 (next to be held 1992); results - AREMA 88.2%, MFM
5.1%, AKFM 3.7%, VONJY 2.2%, other 0.8%; seats - (137 total) AREMA 120, MFM
7, AKFM 5, VONJY 4, MONIMA 1
Published as “Elections”
- President:
- last held on 10 February 1993 (next to be held 1998);
- results - Albert ZAFY (UNDD), 67%;
- Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA), 33%
- Popular National Assembly:
- last held on 28 May 1989 (next to be held May 1993);
- results - AREMA 88.2%, MFM 5.1%, AKFM 3.7%, VONJY 2.2%, other 0.8%;
- seats - (137 total) AREMA 120, MFM 7, AKFM 5, VONJY 4, MONIMA 1
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Guy RAZANAMASY (since 8 August 1991)
president, prime minister, Council of MinistersPresident:
Chief of State:
President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Guy RASANAMAZY (since 8 August 1991)
last held on 12 March 1989 10 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1992); 1998); results - Didier Albert ZAFY
(UNDD), 67%; Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 62%, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA (MFM/MFT) 20%, Dr. Jerome (AREMA), 33%
Marojama RAZANABAHINY (VONJY) 15%, Monja JAONA (MONIMA) 3%
Popular National Assembly:
last held on 28 May 1989 (next to be held 1992); May 1993); results - AREMA 88.2%, MFM
MFM 5.1%, AKFM 3.7%, VONJY 2.2%, other 0.8%; seats - (137 total) AREMA 120, MFM
MFM 7, AKFM 5, VONJY 4, MONIMA 1
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers
Chief of State:
President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Guy RAZANAMASY (since 8 August 1991)
The entry for Madagascar did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Albert ZAFY (since 9 March 1993);
- election last held on 10 February 1993 (next to be held 1998);
- results - Albert ZAFY (UNDD), 67%;
- Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA), 33%
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Francisque RAVONY (since 9 August 1993)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Albert ZAFY (since 9 March 1993); election
last held on 10 February 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - Albert
ZAFY (UNDD), 67%; Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA), 33%
head of government: Prime Minister Francisque RAVONY (since 9 August
1993)
cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister
- chief of state:
- President Albert ZAFY (since 9 March 1993) was elected for a five-year term by popular vote;
- election last held 10 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998);
- results - Albert ZAFY (UNDD) 67%;
- Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 33%
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Emmanuel RAKOTOVAHINY (since 30 October 1995) was elected by the National Assembly
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister
chief of state: President Albert ZAFY (since 9 March 1993); election 1993) was
elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held on 10
February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Albert(UNDD),
(UNDD) 67%; Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA), (AREMA) 33%
head of government: Prime Minister Francisque RAVONY Emmanuel RAKOTOVAHINY (since 9 August 301993) October 1995) was elected by the National Assembly
cabinet: Council of Ministers; Ministers was appointed by the prime minister
- chief of state:
- President Didier RATSIRAKA;
- (since 10 February 1997) note - President Albert ZAFY impeached by the High Constitutional Court on 5 September 1996;
- Prime Minister Emmanuel RAKOTOVAHINY served as interim president until the election of President RATSIRAKA and then retired from the office of prime minister
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Pascal RAKOTOMAVO (since 21 February 1997)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2002);
- prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
- election results:
- percent of the popular vote for president - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (UNDD) 49.3%;
- percent of the National Assembly vote for prime minister - NA
Rewritten: too little of the 1996 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Didier RATSIRAKA; (since 10 February 1997)
note - President Albert ZAFY impeached by the High Constitutional
Court on 5 September 1996; Prime Minister Emmanuel RAKOTOVAHINY served
as interim president until the election of President RATSIRAKA and
then retired from the office of prime minister
head of government: Prime Minister Pascal RAKOTOMAVO (since 21
February 1997)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2002); prime
minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates
nominated by the National Assembly
election results: percent of the popular vote for president - Didier
RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (UNDD) 49.3%; percent of the
National Assembly vote for prime minister - NA
- chief of state:
- President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Pascal RAKOTOMAVO (since 21 February 1997)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2002);
- prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
- election results:
- percent of the popular vote for president-Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (UNDD) 49.3%; percent of the National Assembly vote for prime minister-NA
chief of state: President Didier RATSIRAKA; RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997)note - President Albert ZAFY impeached by the High Constitutionalhead of government: Prime Minister Pascal RAKOTOMAVO (since 21
Court on 5 September 1996; Prime Minister Emmanuel RAKOTOVAHINY served
as interim president until the election of President RATSIRAKA and
then retired from the office of prime minister
February 1997)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2002); prime
minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates
nominated by the National Assembly
election results: percent of the popular vote for president - Didier president-Didier
RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (UNDD) 49.3%; percent of the
National Assembly vote for prime minister - NA minister-NA
- chief of state:
- President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVO (since NA 1998)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2002);
- prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
- election results:
- Didier RATSIRAKA elected president; percent of vote--Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (AFFA) 49.3%
chief of state: President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Pascal RAKOTOMAVO (since 21 Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVOFebruary 1997) (since NA 1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2002); prime
minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates
nominated by the National Assembly
election results: Didier RATSIRAKA elected president; percent of the popular vote for president-Didier
vote--Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (UNDD) 49.3%; percent of the (AFFA) 49.3%
National Assembly vote for prime minister-NA
- chief of state:
- President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVO (since NA 1998)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA 2002);
- prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
- election results:
- Didier RATSIRAKA elected president; percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (AFFA) 49.3%
chief of state: President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVO
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election results: Didier RATSIRAKA elected president; percent of
vote--Didier
- chief of state:
- President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVO (since NA 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA November 2001);
- prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly election results: Didier RATSIRAKA elected president;
- percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (AFFA) 49.3%
chief of state: President Didier RATSIRAKA (since 10 February 1997)2002); November 2001); prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
- chief of state:
- President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA November 2006);
- prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
- election results:
- percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 40.89%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 46.21%;
- note - on 29 April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner by 51.5% after a recount;
- RATSIRIKA's prime minister was put under house arrest on 27 May 2002, and SYLLA was appointed the new prime minister by President RAVALOMANANA
chief of state: President Didier RATSIRAKA Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 10 February 1997) 6 May 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Tantely Rene Gabriot ANDRIANARIVO (since NA 1998) Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 16 December 1996 2001 (next to be held NA November 2001); 2006); prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
election results: Didier RATSIRAKA elected president; percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 50.7%, Albert ZAFY (AFFA) 49.3% 40.89%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 46.21%; note - on 29 April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner by 51.5% after a recount; RATSIRIKA's prime minister was put under house arrest on 27 May 2002, and SYLLA was appointed the new prime minister by President RAVALOMANANA
- chief of state:
- President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA November 2006);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%
chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA November 2006); prime minister appointed by the president from a list of candidates nominated by the National Assembly
election results: percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 40.89%, 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 46.21%; note - on 29 April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner by 51.5% after a recount; RATSIRIKA's prime minister was put under house arrest on 27 May 2002, and SYLLA was appointed the new prime minister by President RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%
- chief of state:
- President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held November 2006);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%
chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA November 2006); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%
- chief of state:
- President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held December 2006);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%, Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%
chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; term (eligible for a second term); election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held November December 2006); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5% 50.5%, Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%
The same text in 2007 and 2008.
- chief of state:
- President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Charles RABEMANANJARA (25 January 2007)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 3 December 2006 (next to be held in December 2011);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002) Charles RABEMANANJARA (25 January 2007)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 16 3 December 2001 2006 (next to be held in December 2006); 2011); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5%, Didier 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7% 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Monja Roindefo ZAFITSIMIVALO (since 18 March 2009)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 3 December 2006 (next to be held in October 2011);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%;
- note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
- on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transition Authority;
- a power-sharing agreement reached in August 2009 established a 15-month transition period, concluding in general elections
chief of state:
President Marc RAVALOMANANA Andry RAJOELINA (since 6 May 2002) 18 March 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Charles RABEMANANJARA (25 January 2007) Monja Roindefo ZAFITSIMIVALO (since 18 March 2009)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 December 2006 (next to be held in December October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:
percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6% 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transition Authority; a power-sharing agreement reached in August 2009 established a 15-month transition period, concluding in general elections
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Albert Camille VITAL (since 18 December 2009)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held on 4 May 2011);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%;
- note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
- on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transition Authority;
- a power-sharing agreement reached in August 2009 established a 15-month transition period, concluding in general elections in 2010;
- as of December 2009 the agreement had not been fully implemented
chief of state:
President Andry RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Monja Roindefo ZAFITSIMIVALO Albert Camille VITAL (since 18 March December 2009)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held in October on 4 May 2011); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:
percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transition Authority; a power-sharing agreement reached in August 2009 established a 15-month transition period, concluding in general elections in 2010; as of December 2009 the agreement had not been fully implemented
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 2 November 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held in March 2012);
- prime minister appointed by the president;
- note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections now scheduled for March 2012 after repeated delays
- election results:
- percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%;
- note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
- on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transitional Authority;
- a power-sharing agreement reached in August 2009 established a 15-month transition period, concluding in general elections in 2010;
- as of December 2010 the agreement had not been fully implemented
chief of state:
President Andry RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Albert Camille VITAL Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 18 December 2009) 2 November 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held on 4 May 2011); in March 2012); prime minister appointed by the president president; note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections now scheduled for March 2012 after repeated delays
election results:
percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transition Transitional Authority; a power-sharing agreement reached in August 2009 established a 15-month transition period, concluding in general elections in 2010; as of December 2009 2010 the agreement had not been fully implemented
- chief of state:
- President Andry Nirina RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 2 November 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held on 8 May 2013);
- prime minister appointed by the president;
- note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections tentatively scheduled for 8 May 2013 after repeated delays
- election results:
- percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%;
- note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
- on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transitional Authority;
- a power-sharing agreement was reached in August 2009, establishing a 15-month transition period to conclude with general elections in 2010;
- as of December 2012 elections had still not been scheduled but the country appears to be moving towards elections in 2013
chief of state:
President Andry Nirina RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 2 November 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held in March 2012); on 8 May 2013); prime minister appointed by the president; note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections now tentatively scheduled for March 2012 8 May 2013 after repeated delays
election results:
percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note::
on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transitional Authority; a power-sharing agreement was reached in August 2009 established 2009, establishing a 15-month transition period, concluding in period to conclude with general elections in 2010; as of December 2010 the agreement 2012 elections had still not been fully implemented scheduled but the country appears to be moving towards elections in 2013
- chief of state:
- President Andry Nirina RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 2 November 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held 20 December 2013);
- prime minister appointed by the president;
- note - a power-sharing agreement concluded in September 2011 established conditions for general elections which were repeatedly delayed until eventually held 25 October 2013 (first-round) in which there was no decicive winner, a secound round is scheduled for 20 December 2013 along with parliamentary elections
- election results:
- percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%;
- note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with general elections in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for elections in early 2013 the first round of which were held 25 October 2013, with the second round scheduled for 20 December 2013
chief of state:
President Andry Nirina RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 2 November 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held on 8 May 20 December 2013); prime minister appointed by the president; note - a power-sharing agreement concluded in the summer of 2009 September 2011 established a 15-month transition, concluding in conditions for general elections tentatively which were repeatedly delayed until eventually held 25 October 2013 (first-round) in which there was no decicive winner, a secound round is scheduled for 8 May 20 December 2013 after repeated delays along with parliamentary elections
election results:
percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009note:: note:
on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA, who will head the High Transitional Authority; RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement was reached in August 2009, establishing established a 15-month transition period to conclude with general elections in 2010; as of December 2012 elections had still not been scheduled but the country appears 2010, which failed to be moving towards occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for elections in early 2013 the first round of which were held 25 October 2013, with the second round scheduled for 20 December 2013
- chief of state:
- President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Roger Laurent Christophe KOLO, M.D. (since 11 April 2014)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president
- election results:
- Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
chief of state:
President Andry Nirina RAJOELINA Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 18 March 2009) 25 January 2014)
head of government:
Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY Roger Laurent Christophe KOLO, M.D. (since 2 November 2011) 11 April 2014)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 20 December 2006 2013 (next to be held 20 December 2013); in 2018); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president; note - a power-sharing agreement concluded in September 2011 established conditions for general elections which were repeatedly delayed until eventually held 25 October 2013 (first-round) in which there was no decicive winner, a secound round is scheduled for 20 December 2013 along with parliamentary elections president
election results:
Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA 53.5%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009 Louis ROBINSON 46.5%
note:
on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general elections election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for elections in an early 2013 election - the first round of which were was held on 25 October 2013, with 2013 and the second round scheduled for on 20 December 2013
- chief of state:
- President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jean RAVELONARIVO (since 17 January 2015)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president;
- percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (FIDO) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
chief of state:
head of government:Roger Laurent Christophe KOLO, M.D. Jean RAVELONARIVO (since 11 April 2014) 17 January 2015)
cabinet:(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a
elections:five-year 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and Assembly, appointed by the president
election results:president in second round; president; percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (FIDO) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note:
- chief of state:
- President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Olivier Mahafaly SOLONANDRASANA (since 13 April 2016); Prime Minister Jean RAVELONARIVO (since 17 January 2015) resigned 8 April 2016
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president;
- percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (FIDO) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down, handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
chief of state: President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Olivier Mahafaly SOLONANDRASANA (since 13 April 2016); Prime Minister Jean RAVELONARIVO (since 17 January 2015) resigned 8 April 2016
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results: Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president; percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (FIDO) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down down, handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
- chief of state:
- President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Olivier Mahafaly SOLONANDRASANA (since 13 April 2016); Prime Minister Jean RAVELONARIVO (since 17 January 2015) resigned 8 April 2016
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 25 October and 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round;
- percent of vote - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down, handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
chief of state: President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Olivier Mahafaly SOLONANDRASANA (since 13 April 2016); Prime Minister Jean RAVELONARIVO (since 17 January 2015) resigned 8 April 2016
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 25 October and 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results: Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president; president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (FIDO) (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down, handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
- chief of state:
- President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 25 October and 20 December 2013 (next to be held on 7 November and 19 December 2018);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round;
- percent of vote - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down, handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
chief of state: President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Olivier Mahafaly SOLONANDRASANA (since 13 April 2016); Prime Minister Jean RAVELONARIVO Christian NTSAY (since 17 January 2015) resigned 8 April 2016 6 June 2018)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 25 October and 20 December 2013 (next to be held in on 7 November and 19 December 2018); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results: Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down, handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019) (2019)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018 and re-appointed 19 July 2019)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 7 November and 19 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- Andry RAJOELINA elected President in second round; percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3% (TIM)
chief of state: President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana Andry RAJOELINA (since 25 21 January 2014) 2019) (2019)
head of government: Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018) 2018 and re-appointed 19 July 2019)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 25 October 7 November and 20 19 December 2013 2018 (next to be held on 7 November and 19 December 2018); in 2023); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results: Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Andry RAJOELINA elected president President in second round; percent of vote - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5% Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA
note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected Presidentstepped down, handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013 44.3% (TIM)
The same text in 2020 and 2021.
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018 and re-appointed 19 July 2019)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 7 November and 19 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- Andry RAJOELINA elected President in second round; percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3% (TIM)
chief of state: President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019) (2019)
head of government: Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018 and re-appointed 19 July 2019)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 November and 19 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results: Andry RAJOELINA elected President in second round; percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3% (TIM)
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 7 November and 19 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- 2018 : Andry RAJOELINA elected President in second round;
- percent of vote in first round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 25.4%;
- percent of vote in second round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 44.3%
- 2013 : Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round;
- percent of vote in first round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 15.9%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 21.1%, other 63%;
- percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
chief of state: President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019)
head of government: Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018 and re-appointed 19 July 2019) 2018)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 November and 19 December 2018 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results: 2018 : Andry RAJOELINA elected President in second round; percent of vote in first round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 25.4%; percent of vote in second round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3% (TIM) 44.3%
2013 : Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 15.9%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 21.1%, other 63%; percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 16 November 2023 (next to be held in November 2028);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- 2023 : Andry RAJOELINA elected president in first round;
- percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 59.0%, Siteny Thierry RANDRIANASOLONIAIKO 14.3%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 12.1%
- 2018 : Andry RAJOELINA elected president in second round;
- percent of vote in first round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 25.4%;
- percent of vote in second round - Andry RAJOELINA 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3%
chief of state: President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019)
head of government: Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 16 November and 19 December 2018 2023 (next to be held in 2023); November 2028); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results: 2018
2023 : Andry RAJOELINA elected President in second round; percent of vote president in first round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 25.4%; round; percent of vote in second round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 55.7%, 59.0%, Siteny Thierry RANDRIANASOLONIAIKO 14.3%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 44.3% 12.1%2013 2018 : Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Andry RAJOELINA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 15.9%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 21.1%, Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 63%; 25.4%; percent of vote in second round - Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA (HVM) 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON (AVANA) 46.5% Andry RAJOELINA 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3%
- chief of state:
- President Andry RAJOELINA (since 16 December 2023)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 16 November 2023 (next to be held in November 2028);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- election results:
- 2023 : Andry RAJOELINA reelected president in first round;
- percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 59.0%, Siteny Thierry RANDRIANASOLONIAIKO 14.4%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 12.1%, other 14.5%
- 2018 : Andry RAJOELINA elected president in second round;
- percent of vote in first round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 25.4%;
- percent of vote in second round - Andry RAJOELINA 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3%
chief of state: President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019) 16 December 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 November 2023 (next to be held in November 2028); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
election results:
2023 : Andry RAJOELINA elected reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 59.0%, Siteny Thierry RANDRIANASOLONIAIKO 14.3%, 14.4%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 12.1% 12.1%, other 14.5%
2018 : Andry RAJOELINA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 25.4%; percent of vote in second round - Andry RAJOELINA 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3%
- chief of state:
- Michael RANDRIANIRINA (Col.)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Herintsalama RAJAONARIVELO (since 22 October 2025)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
- election/appointment process:
- president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
- most recent election date:
- 16 November 2023
- election results:
- 2023 : Andry RAJOELINA reelected president in first round;
- percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 59.0%, Siteny Thierry RANDRIANASOLONIAIKO 14.4%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 12.1%, other 14.5%
- expected date of next election:
- November 2028
note: on 14 October 2025 Col. Michael Randrianirina, commander of an elite unit of the country’s armed forces, announced the formation of a transitional government made up of civilians, which would rule for two years; the constitution, the country’s top court, and the electoral commission were suspended, and a referendum will be held to formulate a new constitution; the lower house of Parliament was not suspended and impeached former-President Andry RAJOELINA
chief of state: President Andry RAJOELINA (since 16 December 2023) Michael RANDRIANIRINA (Col.)
head of government: Prime Minister Christian NTSAY Herintsalama RAJAONARIVELO (since 6 June 2018) 22 October 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime ministerelections/appointments: election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds rounds, if needed needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 November 2023 (next to be held in November 2028); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly, appointed by the president
most recent election date: 16 November 2023
election results:
2023 : Andry RAJOELINA reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 59.0%, Siteny Thierry RANDRIANASOLONIAIKO 14.4%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 12.1%, other 14.5%2018 : Andry RAJOELINA elected president in second round; percent expected date of vote in first round - Andry RAJOELINA (TGV) 39.2%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 35.4%, other 25.4%; percent next election: November 2028
note: on 14 October 2025 Col. Michael Randrianirina, commander of vote in second round - an elite unit of the country’s armed forces, announced the formation of a transitional government made up of civilians, which would rule for two years; the constitution, the country’s top court, and the electoral commission were suspended, and a referendum will be held to formulate a new constitution; the lower house of Parliament was not suspended and impeached former-President Andry RAJOELINA 55.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA 44.3%
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Central Intelligence Agency. “Madagascar: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/madagascar/executive-branch.