The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 2011 to 2024 Africa
Trafficking in persons Madagascar, in 6 editions.
The entry for Madagascar published Trafficking in persons in 6 editions of 36, from 2011 to 2024. The text changed in 4 editions. Each is shown as published. Trafficking in persons in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 4
- the first edition with it
- 2011
- the latest edition with it
- 2024
Published as “Trafficking in persons” (2011 to 2024).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2024 edition
Rewritten since 2023- current situation:
- Madagascar is a source country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking;
- sex and labor trafficking have increased, particularly due to a lack of economic development and a decline in the rule of law during the current political crisis, which began in March 2009;
- children, mostly from rural areas, are subjected to domestic servitude, commercial sexual exploitation, and forced labor in mining, fishing, and agriculture within the country
- tier rating:
- Tier 3 - combating human trafficking has not been a priority of the de facto government, despite the growing size of the problem both internally and transnationally;
- the authorities' anti-trafficking efforts were negligible during the past year;
- they failed to prosecute or convict trafficking offenders, to identify and refer repatriated victims to necessary services, and to prevent the increased trafficking of Malagasy citizens;
- lack of awareness on the coverage and application of the anti-trafficking law, and the continued arrest and punishment of potential underage children in prostitution by local law enforcement, contributes to the dismal state of anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts in Madagascar (2011)
current situation:
Madagascar is a source country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; sex and labor trafficking have increased, particularly due to a lack of economic development and a decline in the rule of law during the current political crisis, which began in March 2009; children, mostly from rural areas, are subjected to domestic servitude, commercial sexual exploitation, and forced labor in mining, fishing, and agriculture within the country
tier rating:
Tier 3 - combating human trafficking has not been a priority of the de facto government, despite the growing size of the problem both internally and transnationally; the authorities' anti-trafficking efforts were negligible during the past year; they failed to prosecute or convict trafficking offenders, to identify and refer repatriated victims to necessary services, and to prevent the increased trafficking of Malagasy citizens; lack of awareness on the coverage and application of the anti-trafficking law, and the continued arrest and punishment of potential underage children in prostitution by local law enforcement, contributes to the dismal state of anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts in Madagascar (2011)
The entry for Madagascar did not include Trafficking in persons.
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- current situation:
- Madagascar is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking;
- poor Malagasy women hired as domestic workers in Lebanon and Kuwait are vulnerable to abuse by recruitment agencies and employers;
- an increasing number of Malagasy men were victimized by labor trafficking abroad in 2012;
- Malagasy children are subjected to domestic servitude, prostitution, forced begging, and forced labor within the country, often with the complicity of family members;
- coastal cities have child sex tourism trades, with Malagasy men being the main clients
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List - Madagascar does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
- however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
- law enforcement authorities have made a significant increase in efforts in 2012, resulting in 30 trafficking-related prosecutions and two convictions;
- public officials complicity in human trafficking, however, remains a significant problem;
- the government has failed to identify and refer victims to protective services and has not supported NGO-run care facilities;
- the government also has not engaged any Middle Eastern governments regarding the protection of and legal remedies for Malagasy workers exploited abroad (2013)
Rewritten: too little of the 2011 text remains to mark the changes.
current situation:
Madagascar is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; poor Malagasy women hired as domestic workers in Lebanon and Kuwait are vulnerable to abuse by recruitment agencies and employers; an increasing number of Malagasy men were victimized by labor trafficking abroad in 2012; Malagasy children are subjected to domestic servitude, prostitution, forced begging, and forced labor within the country, often with the complicity of family members; coastal cities have child sex tourism trades, with Malagasy men being the main clients
tier rating:
Tier 2 Watch List - Madagascar does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement authorities have made a significant increase in efforts in 2012, resulting in 30 trafficking-related prosecutions and two convictions; public officials complicity in human trafficking, however, remains a significant problem; the government has failed to identify and refer victims to protective services and has not supported NGO-run care facilities; the government also has not engaged any Middle Eastern governments regarding the protection of and legal remedies for Malagasy workers exploited abroad (2013)
- current situation:
- Madagascar is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking;
- poor Malagasy women hired as domestic workers in Lebanon, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia are vulnerable to abuse by recruitment agencies and employers;
- Malagasy men experience forced labor aboard Chinese-flagged fishing vessels in South Africa’s territorial waters;
- Malagasy children, mostly from rural areas, are subjected to domestic servitude, prostitution, forced begging, and forced labor within the country, often with the complicity of family members;
- child sex tourism continues to increase, especially in coastal cities, with Malagasy men being the main clients
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List – Madagascar does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
- however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
- the first seven convictions under the 2007 anti-trafficking law were secured in 2013;
- no government employees were investigated, despite widespread corruption and the alleged official complicity in human trafficking;
- authorities lacked formal procedures to identify victims among vulnerable groups and did not systematically provide or refer victims to NGOs for care;
- the government did not engage with the Lebanese Government regarding the protection of and legal remedies for exploited Malagasy workers but began discussions with Saudi and Kuwaiti officials (2014)
current situation:Lebanon Lebanon, Kuwait, and Kuwait Saudi Arabia are vulnerable to abuse by recruitment agencies and employers; an increasing number of Malagasy men were victimized by experience forced labor trafficking abroad aboard Chinese-flagged fishing vessels in 2012; South Africa’s territorial waters; Malagasy children children, mostly from rural areas, are subjected to domestic servitude, prostitution, forced begging, and forced labor within the country, often with the complicity of family members; coastal cities have child sex tourism trades, continues to increase, especially in coastal cities, with Malagasy men being the main clients
tier rating:- – Madagascar does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the first seven convictions under the 2007 anti-trafficking law enforcement authorities have made a significant increase in efforts in 2012, resulting were secured in 30 trafficking-related prosecutions 2013; no government employees were investigated, despite widespread corruption and two convictions; public officials the alleged official complicity in human trafficking, however, remains a significant problem; the government has failed trafficking; authorities lacked formal procedures to identify victims among vulnerable groups and did not systematically provide or refer victims to protective services and has not supported NGO-run care facilities; NGOs for care; the government also has did not engaged any Middle Eastern governments engage with the Lebanese Government regarding the protection of and legal remedies for exploited Malagasy workers exploited abroad (2013) but began discussions with Saudi and Kuwaiti officials (2014)
The entry for Madagascar did not include Trafficking in persons.
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List — Madagascar does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so;
- officials identified and provided services to more victims, launched an updated National Action Plan, took steps to reduce the demand for child sex tourism, and worked with an international organization to monitor Malagasy migrant workers’ conditions in Jordan;
- however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity;
- officials investigated fewer trafficking cases and did not report any prosecutions or convictions of suspected traffickers for the second consecutive year;
- the government did not hold complicit officials accountable nor investigate reports of officials facilitating child sex trafficking within Madagascar or labor trafficking of Malagasy workers abroad;
- for the third consecutive year, the government did not disburse funds to the National Office to Combat Human Trafficking, hindering nationwide progress and coordination;
- efforts to address internal crimes, including domestic servitude, forced begging, and child sex trafficking, remained inadequate, and officials continued to conflate human trafficking with other crimes including gender-based violence and sexual exploitation;
- therefore, Madagascar remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)
- trafficking profile:
- human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Madagascar, as well as victims from Madagascar abroad;
- traffickers exploit Malagasy children in child sex trafficking and forced labor in domestic service in homes and businesses, mining, street vending, agriculture, textile factories, and fishing;
- most child sex trafficking occurs in tourist destinations, urban cities, vanilla-growing regions, and around mining sites with the involvement and encouragement of family members;
- tourist operators, hotels, taxi drivers, massage parlor owners, and local adults involved in commercial sex also facilitate child sex trafficking;
- girls and boys as young as 12 are exploited in child sex tourism in coastal areas and major cities, often openly in bars, nightclubs, massage parlors, hotels, and private homes;
- Malagasy men exploit the majority of child sex trafficking victims, while most foreign sex tourists are French and Italian nationals, or to a lesser extent from other Western European countries and Comoros;
- government officials are reportedly complicit in providing false documents to facilitate illicit recruitment of Malagasy women to work in Gulf states;
- many Malagasy women are employed as domestic workers in China, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia, where they are at risk of trafficking;
- traffickers acting as labor recruiters send Malagasy women to China with false identity cards, where they are exploited in forced labor in agriculture or domestic servitude;
- Malagasy men may be exploited in forced labor in the services and construction industries in the Middle East and domestic servitude in China;
- Chinese nationals working at China’s Belt and Road Initiative projects in Madagascar were vulnerable to forced labor (2023)
Rewritten: too little of the 2015 text remains to mark the changes.
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Madagascar does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials identified and provided services to more victims, launched an updated National Action Plan, took steps to reduce the demand for child sex tourism, and worked with an international organization to monitor Malagasy migrant workers’ conditions in Jordan; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; officials investigated fewer trafficking cases and did not report any prosecutions or convictions of suspected traffickers for the second consecutive year; the government did not hold complicit officials accountable nor investigate reports of officials facilitating child sex trafficking within Madagascar or labor trafficking of Malagasy workers abroad; for the third consecutive year, the government did not disburse funds to the National Office to Combat Human Trafficking, hindering nationwide progress and coordination; efforts to address internal crimes, including domestic servitude, forced begging, and child sex trafficking, remained inadequate, and officials continued to conflate human trafficking with other crimes including gender-based violence and sexual exploitation; therefore, Madagascar remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)
trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Madagascar, as well as victims from Madagascar abroad; traffickers exploit Malagasy children in child sex trafficking and forced labor in domestic service in homes and businesses, mining, street vending, agriculture, textile factories, and fishing; most child sex trafficking occurs in tourist destinations, urban cities, vanilla-growing regions, and around mining sites with the involvement and encouragement of family members; tourist operators, hotels, taxi drivers, massage parlor owners, and local adults involved in commercial sex also facilitate child sex trafficking; girls and boys as young as 12 are exploited in child sex tourism in coastal areas and major cities, often openly in bars, nightclubs, massage parlors, hotels, and private homes; Malagasy men exploit the majority of child sex trafficking victims, while most foreign sex tourists are French and Italian nationals, or to a lesser extent from other Western European countries and Comoros; government officials are reportedly complicit in providing false documents to facilitate illicit recruitment of Malagasy women to work in Gulf states; many Malagasy women are employed as domestic workers in China, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia, where they are at risk of trafficking; traffickers acting as labor recruiters send Malagasy women to China with false identity cards, where they are exploited in forced labor in agriculture or domestic servitude; Malagasy men may be exploited in forced labor in the services and construction industries in the Middle East and domestic servitude in China; Chinese nationals working at China’s Belt and Road Initiative projects in Madagascar were vulnerable to forced labor (2023)
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List — the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards;
- therefore, Madagascar was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 and remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year;
- for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/madagascar/
Rewritten: too little of the 2023 text remains to mark the changes.
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards; therefore, Madagascar was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 and remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/madagascar/
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Madagascar: Trafficking in persons.” The World Factbook, 2011–2024 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/madagascar/trafficking-in-persons.