Malta
Republic of MaltaRepubblika ta' Malta
republicIndependence 21 September 1964 (from UK)
Malta as the 2003 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 114 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
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Introduction
1 fieldBackground
Great Britain formally acquired possession of Malta in 1814. The island staunchly supported the UK through both World Wars and remained in the Commonwealth when it became independent in 1964. A decade later Malta became a republic. Since about the mid-1980s, the island has become a freight transshipment point, financial center, and tourist destination. It is an official candidate for EU membership.
Geography
Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)
18 fieldsLand useshare of 316 sq km
Environment - current issues
very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination
Environment - international agreements
- party to:
- Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
- signed, but not ratified:
- none of the selected agreements
Geography - note
- the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited;
- numerous bays provide good harbors;
- Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
People
19 fieldsPer 1,000 population(2003 est.)
Male · female
Age structure
- 0-14 years:
- 19.5% (male 40,448; female 37,623)
- 15-64 years:
- 67.5% (male 136,221; female 134,142)
- 65 years and over:
- 13% (male 21,730; female 30,256) (2003 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.09 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.08 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 1.02 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.72 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Ethnic groups
Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians, with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)
Government
Republic; President Guido DE MARCO (since 4 April 1999); Prime Minister Eddie FENECH ADAMI (since 6 September 1998)
18 fieldsPresidential electionpercent of vote
Legislature, 65 seats, elected 12 April 2003one dot, one seat
Percent of vote
Country name
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Malta
- conventional short form:
- Malta
- local short form:
- Malta
- local long form:
- Repubblika ta' Malta
Administrative divisions
none (administered directly from Valletta); note - Local Councils carry out administrative orders
Legal system
based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Guido DE MARCO (since 4 April 1999)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Eddie FENECH ADAMI (since 6 September 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence GONZI (since 4 April 1999)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by the House of Representatives for a five-year term;
- election last held NA April 1999 (next to be held by April 2004);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president for a five-year term;
- the deputy prime minister is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
- election results:
- Guido DE MARCO elected president; percent of House of Representatives vote - 54%
Legislative branch
unicameral House of Representatives (usually 65 seats; note - additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
- elections:
- last held 12 April 2003 (next to be held by April 2008)
- election results:
- percent of vote by party - PN 51.7%, MLP 47.6%, AD 0.7%; seats by party - PN 34, MLP 31
Judicial branch
- Constitutional Court;
- Court of Appeal;
- judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
Political parties and leaders
- Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry VASSALLO];
- Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT];
- Nationalist Party or PN [Edward FENECH ADAMI]
International organization participation
C, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador John LOWELL
- consulate(s):
- New York
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 387-5470
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 462-3611, 3612
- chancery:
- 2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Anthony H. GIOIA
- embassy:
- 3rd Floor, Development House, Saint Anne Street, Floriana, Malta VLT 01
- mailing address:
- P. O. Box 535, Valletta, Malta
- telephone:
- [356] 21-235-960
- FAX:
- [356] 2124-3229
Flag description
two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red
Economy
Major resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a productive labor force.
36 fieldsGDP - composition by sector(1999)
Trading partnersexports left, imports right
Electricity
Economy - overview
Major resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. The economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing (especially electronics and textiles), and tourism.
Malta is privatizing state-controlled firms and liberalizing markets in order to prepare for membership in the European Union. The island remains divided politically, however, over the question of joining the EU. Continued sluggishness in the global economy is holding back exports, tourism, and overall growth.
Industries
- tourism;
- electronics, ship building and repair, construction;
- food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco
Agriculture - products
potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs
Imports - commodities
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured and semi-manufactured goods; food, drink, and tobacco
Exchange rates
Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.43 (2002), 0.45 (2001), 0.44 (2000), 0.4 (1999), 0.39 (1998)
Communications
8 fieldsTelephone system
- general assessment:
- automatic system satisfies normal requirements
- domestic:
- submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands
- international:
- 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Transportation
7 fieldsMerchant marine, 1,234 ships by typeships (1,000 GRT or over) 25,885,128 GRT/42,467,864 DWT
Airports by runway lengthpaved only
Networkskm
Military
Armed Forces (including land forces [with subordinate air squadron and maritime squadron] and the Revenue Security Corps), Maltese Police Force
5 fieldsMilitary branches
Armed Forces (including land forces [with subordinate air squadron and maritime squadron] and the Revenue Security Corps), Maltese Police Force
Transnational Issues
2 fieldsCite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Malta.” The World Factbook 2003. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/malta/2003.