Executive branch Nepal, in 35 editions.

monarch, chairman of the Council of State, prime minister, Council of State, prime minister Ministers

monarch, prime minister, Council of Ministers
Chief of State:
King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (since 31 January 1972, crowned King 24
February 1985); Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, son
of the King (born 21 June 1971)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 29 May 1991)
House of Representatives:
last held on 12 May 1991 (next to be held May 1996); results - NCP 38%,
CPN/UML 28%, NDP/Chand 6%, UPF 5%, NDP/Thapa 5%, Terai Rights Sadbhavana
Party 4%, Rohit 2%, CPN (Democratic) 1%, independents 4%, other 7%; seats -
(205 total) NCP 110, CPN/UML 69, UPF 9, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 6,
NDP/Chand 3, Rohit 2, CPN (Democratic) 2, NDP/Thapa 1, independents 3; note
- the new Constitution of 9 November 1990 gives gave Nepal a multiparty democracy
system for the first time in 32 years
monarch, prime minister, Council of Ministers
Chief of State:
King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (since 31 January 1972, crowned King 24
February 1985); Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, son
of the King (born 21 June 1971)
Head of Government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 29 May 1991)

chief of state: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (succeeded to the
throne 31 January 1972 following the death of his father King
MAHENDRA
Bir Bikram Shah Dev, crowned king 24 February 1975) is a
constitutional monarch; 1975); Heir Apparent
Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir
Bikram
head of government: Prime Minister Sher Lokendra Bahadur DEUBA CHAND (since 12
September 1995); March 1997); note - in 1994, 1995, the king appointed Man Mohan
ADHIKARI Sher Bahadur DEUBA to
be prime minister using the standard criterion - he was
the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives minister; DEUBA's parliamentary coalition fell apart when two
following the last election; however, in September 1995, Nepali Congress Party (NCP) members did not show up at a
parliamentary
confidence vote; a coalition of the Nepali Congress Party, the Rastriya Communist Party of Nepal/United
Prajantra Party, the Nepal Sadbhavana Party, Marxist-Leninist (CPN/UML) and independents voted
against Prime Minister ADHIKARI; Sher Bahadur DEUBA, the leader National Democratic Party (NDP) of
the Nepali Congress Party, then formed the new government and Prime Minister CHAND was
appointed the new prime minister subsequently approved by the king
cabinet: Cabinet was appointed by the king on the recommendation of the
prime minister
elections: none; the king is a constitutional monarch; following
legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a
majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the king

chief of state: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (succeeded to the
throne 31 January 1972 following the death of his father King MAHENDRA
Bir Bikram Shah Dev, crowned king 24 February 1975); Heir Apparent
Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram
head of government: Prime Minister Lokendra Bahadur CHAND Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 12 15
March 1997); note - in 1995, the king appointed Sher April 1998); note-Prime Minister KOIRALA-the country's seventh prime
minister since 1991-replaces Prime Minister Surya Bahadur DEUBA to THAPA, who
be prime minister; DEUBA's parliamentary coalition fell apart served from October 1997 until April 1998, when two
Nepali Congress Party (NCP) members did not show up at a parliamentary he resigned as part of
confidence vote; a power-sharing agreement with his coalition of the Communist Party of Nepal/United
Marxist-Leninist (CPN/UML) and the National Democratic Party (NDP) of
Prime Minister CHAND was subsequently approved by the king partners
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the king on the recommendation of the
prime minister
elections: none; the king is a constitutional monarch; following
legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a
majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the king

chief of state: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (succeeded to the
throne 31 January 1972 following the death of his father King MAHENDRA
MAHENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, crowned king 24 February 1975); Heir Apparent
Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram
head of government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 15
April 1998); note-Prime Minister KOIRALA-the country's seventh prime
minister since 1991-replaces Prime Minister Surya Bahadur THAPA, who
served from October 1997 until April 1998, when he resigned as part of
a power-sharing agreement with his coalition partners 1998)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the king monarch on the recommendation of the
the prime minister
elections: none; the king monarch is a constitutional monarch; hereditary; following
legislative
elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a
majority
coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the king monarch

chief of state: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (succeeded to the
throne 31 January 1972 following the death of his father King
MAHENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, crowned king 24 February 1975); Heir
Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram
head of government: Prime Minister Girija Krishna Prasad KOIRALA BHATTARAI (since 15
April 1998) NA May 1999)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative
elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority
coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch

chief of state: King BIRENDRA GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (succeeded to the throne 31 January 1972 4 June 2001 following the death of his father nephew King MAHENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, crowned king 24 February 1975); Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram
Shah) head of government: Prime Minister Krishna Girija Prasad BHATTARAI KOIRALA (since NA May 1999)
22 March 2000) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle

chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)
head of government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA Lokendra Bahadur CHAND (since 22 March 2000) 11 October 2002)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle

chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)
head of government: Prime Minister Lokendra Surya Bahadur CHAND THAPA (since 11 October 2002) 4 June 2003); note - Prime Minister CHAND resigned 30 May 2003
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle

chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)
head of government: Prime Minister Surya Sher Bahadur THAPA DEUBA (since 4 3 June 2003); 2004); note - Prime Minister CHAND THAPA resigned 30 7 May 2003 2004
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle

chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)
head of government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA (since 3 June 2004); DEUBA; note - the Prime Minister THAPA resigned 7 May 2004 in Februrary 2005
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister minister; note - the King dissolved the Cabinet in February 2005
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle

chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne (since 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew, King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah) 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA; note - the Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 30 April 2006); Deputy Prime Minister resigned in Februrary 2005 Ministers Khadga Prasad OLI (since 2 May 2006) and Amik SHERCHAN since June 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet historically appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; note - the King dissolved prime minister selected the Cabinet in February 2005 May 2006 in consultation with the political parties
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; note - following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually historically has been appointed prime minister by the monarch
note: King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle

chief of state: King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 4 June 2001) 30 April 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 30 April 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers Khadga Prasad OLI (since 2 May 2006) and Amik SHERCHAN since June 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet historically appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; note - the prime minister selected the Cabinet in May 2006 in consultation with the political parties
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; note - following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition historically has been appointed prime minister by the monarch

chief of state:
President Ram Baran YADAV (as of 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (as of 23 July 2008)
head of government:
Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal DAHAL Madhav Kumar NEPAL (as of 18 August 2008); 25 May 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Bamdev GAUTAM Bijay Kumar GACHHEDAR
cabinet: selected
cabinet formed in August 2008 by a majority coalition made up of the prime minister Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist, Madhesi People's Rights Forum, and several smaller parties
elections:
president elected by Parliament; term NA; extends until the new constitution is promulgated; election last held 21 July 2008 2008; date of next election NA
election results:
Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the Constituent Assembly in a second round of voting on 21 July 2008; Ram Baran YADAV 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH 282

chief of state:
President Ram Baran YADAV (as of (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (as of (since 23 July 2008)
head of government:
vacant; Prime Minister Madhav Kumar NEPAL (as of 25 May 2009); Deputy Prime Minister Bijay Kumar GACHHEDAR resigned on 30 June 2010 but leads a caretaker government
cabinet:
cabinet was formed in August 2008 May 2009 by a majority coalition made up of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist, Nepali Congress, Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal-Democratic, and several smaller parties
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by Parliament; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; election last held on 21 July 2008; date of next election NA
election results:
Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the Constituent Assembly in a second round of voting on 21 July 2008; Ram Baran YADAV 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH 282

chief of state:
President Ram Baran YADAV (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (since 23 July 2008)
head of government:
vacant; Prime Minister Madhav Baburam BHATTARAI (since 29 August 2011); Deputy Prime Ministers Bijay Kumar NEPAL resigned on 30 June 2010 but leads a caretaker government GACHCHADAR (since 29 August 2011) and Narayan Kaji SHRESTHA
cabinet:
cabinet was formed in May 2009 by a majority coalition made up of the Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist, Nepali Congress, Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal-Democratic, and several smaller parties
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by Parliament; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; election last held on 21 July 2008; date of next election NA
election results:
Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the Constituent Assembly in a second round of voting on 21 July 2008; Ram Baran YADAV 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH 282

chief of state:
President Ram Baran YADAV (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (since 23 July 2008)
head of government:
Prime Minister Baburam BHATTARAI (since 29 August 2011); Deputy Prime Ministers Bijay Kumar GACHCHADAR (since 29 August 2011) and Narayan Kaji SHRESTHA
cabinet:
cabinet was formed in May 2009 August-September 2011 by a majority coalition made up of the United Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist, Nepali Congress, Nepal-Maoist, Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal-Democratic, Forum-Democratic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal, Terai-Madhes Democratic Party, and several smaller parties
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by Parliament; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; election last held on 21 July 2008; date of next election NA
election results:
Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the Constituent Assembly in a second round of voting on 21 July 2008; Ram Baran YADAV 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH 282

chief of state:
President Ram Baran YADAV (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (since 23 July 2008)
head of government:
Prime Minister Baburam BHATTARAI (since 29 August 2011); Deputy Prime note: on 14 March 2013, the chief justice of Nepal's Supreme Court, Khil Raj REGMI, was sworn in as Chairman of the Interim Council of Ministers Bijay Kumar GACHCHADAR (since 29 August 2011) for Elections to lead an interim government and Narayan Kaji SHRESTHA charged with holding Constituent Assembly elections by December 2013
cabinet:
cabinet was formed in August-September 2011 by a majority coalition made up of the United Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal, Terai-Madhes Democratic Party, and several smaller parties
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by Parliament; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; election last held president elected on 21 July 2008; date of next election NA
election results:
Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the Constituent Assembly in a second round of voting on 21 July 2008; Ram Baran YADAV 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH 282

chief of state:
President Ram Baran YADAV (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (since 23 July 2008)
head of government:
note: on 14 March 2013, the chief justice of Nepal's Supreme Court, Khil Raj REGMI, was sworn in as Chairman of the Interim Council of Ministers for Elections to lead an interim government and charged with holding Constituent Assembly elections by December 2013 Prime Minister Sushil KOIRALA (since 11 February 2014)
cabinet:
Prime Minister Koirala on 25 February 2014 appointed the cabinet was formed in August-September 2011 ministers; the cabinet is dominated by a majority coalition made up of the United Nepali Congress and the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republic, Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal, Terai-Madhes Democratic Party, and several smaller parties Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by Parliament; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; president elected on 21 July 2008; date of next 2008 (next election NA NA)
election results:
Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the Constituent Assembly in a second round of voting on 21 July 2008; round; Ram Baran YADAV 308, 308 votes, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH 282

chief of state:
President Ram Baran YADAV (since 23 July 2008); Vice President Paramananda JHA (since 23 July 2008)
head of government:
Prime Minister Sushil KOIRALA (since 11 February 2014)
cabinet:
Prime Minister Koirala on 25 February 2014 Council of Ministers appointed the cabinet ministers; by the prime minister; cabinet is dominated by the Nepali Congress and the Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by Parliament; the Constituency Assembly; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; president elected on 21 July 2008 (next election NA) NA); prime minister indirectly elected by the Constituent Assembly
election results:
Ram Baran YADAV elected president by the president; Constituent Assembly vote count in second round; round - Ram Baran YADAV 308 votes, (Nepali Congress) 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH (UCPN(M)) 282

chief of state: President Ram Baran YADAV Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since 23 July 2008); 29 October 2015); Vice President Paramananda JHA Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 23 July 2008) 31 October 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Sushil KOIRALA Pushpa Kamal DAHAL (since 11 February 2014) 4 August 2016); note - Prime Minister Khadga Prasad OLI resigned on 24 July 2016
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the Nepali Congress and the Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the Constituency Assembly; term extends until the new constitution is promulgated; president elected on 21 July 2008 29 October 2015 (next election NA); prime minister indirectly elected by the Constituent Assembly
election results: Ram Baran YADAV Bidhya Devi BHANDARI elected president; Constituent Assembly vote count in second round - Ram Baran YADAV (Nepali Congress) 308, Ram Jaja Prasad SINGH (UCPN(M)) 282 Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 327, Kul Bahadur GURUNG (NC) 214; BHANDARI is Nepal's first woman president

chief head of state: President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal DAHAL (since 4 August 2016); Sher Bahadur DEUBA; Deputy Prime Ministers Bijay Kumar GACHHADAR, Krishna Bahadur MAHARA, Gopal Man SHRESTHA; note - Prime Minister Khadga Prasad OLI Pushpa Kamal DAHAL resigned on 24 July 2016 25 May 2017 as part of a rotational power-sharing arrangement between the CPN-MC and NC
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the Nepali Congress CPN-MC and the Communist Party of Nepal-United Marxist-Leninist NC
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Constituency Assembly; term extends until Federal Parliament and of the new constitution is promulgated; president elected on 29 October 2015 (next election NA); state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister indirectly elected by the Constituent Assembly Federal Parliament
election results: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI elected president; Constituent Assembly vote count - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 327, Kul Bahadur GURUNG (NC) 214; BHANDARI is Nepal's first woman president

head of state: President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA; Deputy Prime Ministers Bijay Kumar GACHHADAR, Krishna Bahadur MAHARA, Gopal Man SHRESTHA; Khadga Prasad (KP) Sharma OLI (since 15 February 2018); deputy prime ministers (vacant); note - Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal DAHAL Sher Bahadur DEUBA resigned on 25 May 2017 as part of a rotational power-sharing arrangement between the CPN-MC and NC 15 February 2018
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the CPN-MC CPN-UML and the NC MC
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 13 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament
election results: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI elected reelected president; Constituent Assembly electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 327, Kul Bahadur GURUNG (CPN-UML 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 214; BHANDARI is Nepal's first woman president 11,730
head of state: President Bidhya Devi BANDHARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)

head of government: Prime Minister Khadga Prasad (KP) Sharma OLI (since 15 February 2018); deputy prime ministers (vacant); note - Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA resigned on 15 February 2018 Ishwar POKHREL, Upendra YADAV (since 1 June 2018)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the CPN-UML and MC Nepal Communist Party
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 13 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament
election results: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 11,730
head of state: President Bidhya Devi BANDHARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)

chief of state: President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since October 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Khadga Prasad (KP) Sharma OLI (since 15 February 2018); deputy prime ministers Ishwar POKHREL, Upendra YADAV (since 1 June 2018) (an)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the Nepal Communist Party
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 13 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament
election results: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 11,730
head of state: President Bidhya Devi BANDHARI BHANDARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)

chief of state: President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Khadga Prasad (KP) Sharma OLI Sher Bahadur DEUBA (since 15 February 2018); 13 July 2021); deputy prime ministers Ishwar POKHREL, Upendra YADAV (since 1 June 2018) (an)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the Nepal Communist Party
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 13 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament
election results: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 11,730
head of state: President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (since 29 October 2015); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN (since 31 October 2015)

chief of state: President Bidhya Devi BHANDARI Ram Chandra POUDEL (since 29 October 2015); 13 March 2023); Vice President Nanda Bahadar PUN Ram Sahaya Prasad YADAV (since 31 October 2015) 20 March 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA Pushpa Kamal DAHAL (since 13 July 2021); 26 December 2022); deputy prime ministers Ishwar POKHREL, Upendra YADAV Narayan Kaji SHRESTHA (since 1 June 2018) 26 December 2022), Purna Bahadur KHADKA (since 31 March 2023) (an)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet dominated by the Nepal split between Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre, and various coalition partners
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 13 on 9 March 2018 2023 (next to be held in 2023); 2028); prime minister indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament
election results: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected Ram Chandra POUDEL elected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI Ram Chandra POUDEL (NC) 11,730 33,802, Subash Chandra NEMBANG (CPN-UML) 15,518

chief of state: President Ram Chandra POUDEL (since 13 March 2023); Vice President Ram Sahaya Prasad YADAV (since 20 March 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal DAHAL (since 26 December 2022); deputy prime ministers Narayan Kaji SHRESTHA (since 26 December 2022), Purna Bahadur KHADKA Khadga Prasad Sharma OLI (since 31 March 2023) (an) 15 July 2024)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet split between Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre, and various coalition partners
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028); prime minister indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament 2028)
election results:
2023: Ram Chandra POUDEL elected president; electoral college vote - Ram Chandra POUDEL (NC) 33,802, Subash Chandra NEMBANG (CPN-UML) 15,518
2018: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 11,730

chief of state: President Ram Chandra POUDEL (since 13 March 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Sharma OLI Sushila KARKI (since 15 July 2024) 12 September 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister; cabinet split between positions shared among Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist Centre, and various coalition partners
elections/appointments: election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); term)
most recent election last held on date: 9 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028)
election results:
2023: Ram Chandra POUDEL elected president; electoral college vote - Ram Chandra POUDEL (NC) 33,802, Subash Chandra NEMBANG (CPN-UML) 15,518
2018: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 11,730 expected date of next election: 5 March 2026
note: KARKI was sworn in as interim prime minister on 12 September 2025 after Khadga Prasad Sharma OLI resigned on 9 September following violent protests; KARKI will serve until elections are held in March 2026