The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Executive branch Netherlands, in 35 editions.
The entry for Netherlands published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 30 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 30
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
- monarch,
- prime minister,
- vice prime minister,
- Cabinet,
- Cabinet of Ministers
monarch, prime minister, vice prime minister, Cabinet, Cabinet of Ministers
Published as “Executive branch”
- monarch,
- prime minister,
- vice prime minister,
- Cabinet,
- Cabinet of Ministers
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980);
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER,
- Prince of Orange,
- son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April 1967)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ruud (Rudolph) F. M. LUBBERS (since 4 November 1982); Vice Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 2 November 1989)
Published as “Elections”
- First Chamber:
- last held on 9 June l991 (next to be held 9 June 1995);
- results - elected by the country's 12 provincial councils;
- seats - (75 total) percent of seats by party NA
- Second Chamber:
- last held on 6 September 1989 (next to be held by September 1993);
- results - CDA 35.3%, PvdA 31. 9%, VVD 14.6%, D'66 7.9%, other 10.3%;
- seats - (150 total) CDA 54, PvdA 49, VVD 22, D'66 12, other 13
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
monarch, prime minister, vice prime minister, Cabinet, Cabinet of Ministers
Chief of State:
Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent
WILLEM-ALEXANDER, Prince of Orange, son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April
1967)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Ruud (Rudolph) F. M. LUBBERS (since 4 November 1982); Vice
Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 2 November 1989)
First Chamber:
last held on 9 June l991 (next to be held 9 June 1995); results - elected by
the country's 12 provincial councils; seats - (75 total) percent of seats by
party NA
Second Chamber:
last held on 6 September 1989 (next to be held by September 1993); results -
CDA 35.3%, PvdA 31. 9%, VVD 14.6%, D'66 7.9%, other 10.3%; seats - (150
total) CDA 54, PvdA 49, VVD 22, D'66 12, other 13
Published as “Elections”
- First Chamber:
- last held on 9 June l991 (next to be held 9 June 1995);
- results - elected by the country's 12 provincial councils;
- seats - (75 total) percent of seats by party NA
- Second Chamber:
- last held on 6 September 1989 (next to be held in May 1994);
- results - CDA 35.3%, PvdA 31.9%, VVD 14.6%, D'66 7.9%, other 10.3%;
- seats - (150 total) CDA 54, PvdA 49, VVD 22, D'66 12, other 13
Published as “Executive branch”
- monarch,
- prime minister,
- vice prime minister,
- Cabinet,
- Cabinet of Ministers
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980);
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER,
- Prince of Orange,
- son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April 1967)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ruud (Rudolph) F. M. LUBBERS (since 4 November 1982); Vice Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 2 November 1989)
monarch, prime minister, vice prime minister, Cabinet, Cabinet of MinistersFirst Chamber:
Chief of State:
Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent
WILLEM-ALEXANDER, Prince of Orange, son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April
1967)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Ruud (Rudolph) F. M. LUBBERS (since 4 November 1982); Vice
Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 2 November 1989)
last held on 9 June l991 (next to be held 9 June 1995); results - elected by
the country's 12 provincial councils; seats - (75 total) percent of seats by
party NA
Second Chamber:
last held on 6 September 1989 (next to be held by September 1993); in May 1994); results -
35.3%, PvdA 31. 9%, 31.9%, VVD 14.6%, D'66 7.9%, other 10.3%; seats - (150
CDA 54, PvdA 49, VVD 22, D'66 12, other 13
monarch, prime minister, vice prime minister, Cabinet, Cabinet of Ministers
Chief of State:
Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent
WILLEM-ALEXANDER, Prince of Orange, son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April
1967)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Ruud (Rudolph) F. M. LUBBERS (since 4 November 1982); Vice
Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 2 November 1989)
The entry for Netherlands did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980);
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER,
- Prince of Orange,
- son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April 1967)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 22 August 1994); Vice Prime Minister Hans DIJKSTAL and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22 August 1994)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet; appointed by the prime minister
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April
1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER, Prince of Orange, son of Queen
Beatrix (born 27 April 1967)
head of government: Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 22 August
1994); Vice Prime Minister Hans DIJKSTAL and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22
August 1994)
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the prime minister
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980) is a constitutional monarch;
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), Prince of Orange, son of Queen BEATRIX
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 22 August 1994) and Vice Prime Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL (since 22 August 1994) and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22 August 1994) were appointed by the queen
- cabinet:
- Cabinet was appointed by the prime minister
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April1980); 1980) is a constitutional monarch; Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER, WILLEM-ALEXANDER
(born 27 April 1967), Prince of Orange, son of Queen
Beatrix (born 27 April 1967)
head of government: Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 22 August1994); 1994) and Vice Prime Minister Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL (since 22 August 1994)
and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22
queen
cabinet: Cabinet; Cabinet was appointed by the prime minister
- chief of state :
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980);
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967),
- Prince of Orange,
- son of Queen BEATRIX
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and Vice Prime Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL (since 22 August 1994) and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22 August 1994)
- cabinet :
- Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
- elections:
- none;
- the queen is a constitutional monarch;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the queen;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the queen
chief of state: state : Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April1980) is a constitutional monarch; 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER
Orange, son of Queen BEATRIX
head of government: Prime Minister Willem (Wim) Wim KOK (since 22 August
Vice Prime Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL (since 22 August 1994)
MIERLO (since 22 August 1994) were
cabinet : Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
elections: none; the queen is a constitutional monarch; followingcabinet: Cabinet was Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader
of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the
queen; vice prime minister ministers appointed by the queen
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980);
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967),
- Prince of Orange,
- son of Queen BEATRIX
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and Vice Prime Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL (since 22 August 1994) and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22 August 1994)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the queen
- elections:
- none;
- the queen is a hereditary, constitutional monarch;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the queen;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the queen
note: there is a Council of State composed of the queen, crown prince, and councillors consulted by the executive on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state : state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April
1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), Prince of
Orange, son of Queen BEATRIX
head of government: Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and
Vice Prime Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL (since 22 August 1994) and Hans VAN
MIERLO (since 22 August 1994)cabinet : cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister queen
elections: none; the queen is a hereditary, constitutional monarch; following
following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party
or leader
by the
note: there is a Council of State composed of the queen, crown prince,
and councillors consulted by the executive on legislative and
administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980);
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967),
- Prince of Orange,
- son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and Vice Prime Ministers Annemarie JORRITSMA (since 3 August 1998) and Els BORST-EILERS (since 3 August 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarch is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councillors consulted by the executive on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April
1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), Prince of
of Orange, son of Queen BEATRIX the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and
and Vice Prime Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL Annemarie JORRITSMA (since 22 3 August 1994) and Hans VAN 1998)MIERLO and Els BORST-EILERS (since 22 3 August 1994) 1998)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the queen monarch
elections: none; the queen monarch is a hereditary, constitutional monarch;hereditary; following Second Chamber
elections, the leader of the majority party
coalition is usually appointed prime ministerqueen; monarch; vice
prime ministers appointed by the queen monarch
note: there is a Council of State composed of the queen, crown prince, monarch, heir
apparent, and councillors consulted by the executive on legislative and
and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and Vice Prime Ministers Annemarie JORRITSMA (since 3 August 1998) and Els BORST-EILERS (since 3 August 1998)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarch is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: government coalition - PvdA, VVD, and D'66; there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors consulted by the executive on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 AprilPrince son of the monarch
of Orange,
head of government: Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994)
cabinet: Cabinet Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following Second Chamber
note: government coalition - PvdA, VVD, and D'66; there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heircouncillors councilors consulted by the executive on legislative
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980);
- Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch head of government: Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and Vice Prime Ministers Annemarie JORRITSMA (since 3 August 1998) and Els BORST-EILERS (since 3 August 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none;
- the monarch is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch note: government coalition - PvdA, VVD, and D'66;
- there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors consulted by the executive on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Vice Prime Ministers Johan REMKES (since NA 2002) and Roelf DE BOER (since NA 2002)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the prime minister on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Wim KOK Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 August 1994) July 2002) and Vice Prime Ministers Annemarie JORRITSMA Johan REMKES (since 3 August 1998) NA 2002) and Els BORST-EILERS Roelf DE BOER (since 3 August 1998) NA 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarch monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: government coalition - PvdA, VVD, and D'66; there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors consulted by that provides consultations to the executive prime minister on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Thom DE GRAAF (since 27 May 2003)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the prime minister on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Vice Deputy Prime Ministers Johan REMKES Gerrit ZALM (since NA 2002) 27 May 2003) and Roelf Thom DE BOER GRAAF (since NA 2002) 27 May 2003)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the prime minister on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Thom DE GRAAF (since 27 May 2003)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Thom DE GRAAF (since 27 May 2003)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the prime minister cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Laurens Jan BRINKHORST (since 31 March 2005)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Thom DE GRAAF Laurens Jan BRINKHORST (since 27 May 2003) 31 March 2005)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Laurens Jan BRINKHORST (since 31 March 2005);
- note - Prime Minister BALKENENDE tendered his resignation on 30 June 2006
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM (since 27 May 2003) and Laurens Jan BRINKHORST (since 31 March 2005) 2005); note - Prime Minister BALKENENDE tendered his resignation on 30 June 2006
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002); Deputy Prime Ministers Wouter BOS (since 22 February 2007) and Andre ROUVOET (since 22 February 2007)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- none;
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002) and 2002); Deputy Prime Ministers Gerrit ZALM Wouter BOS (since 27 May 2003) 22 February 2007) and Laurens Jan BRINKHORST Andre ROUVOET (since 31 March 2005); note - Prime Minister BALKENENDE tendered his resignation on 30 June 2006 22 February 2007)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002); Deputy Prime Ministers Wouter BOS (since 22 February 2007) and Andre ROUVOET (since 22 February 2007)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state: Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government: Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002); Deputy Prime Ministers Wouter BOS (since 22 February 2007) and Andre ROUVOET (since 22 February 2007)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002); Deputy Prime Ministers Wouter BOS (since 22 February 2007) and Andre ROUVOET (since 22 February 2007)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government:
Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE (since 22 July 2002); Deputy Prime Ministers Wouter BOS (since 22 February 2007) and Andre ROUVOET (since 22 February 2007)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note:
there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Minister Maxime VERHAGEN (since 14 October 2010)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government:
Prime Minister Jan Peter BALKENENDE Mark RUTTE (since 22 July 2002); 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Ministers Wouter BOS (since 22 February 2007) and Andre ROUVOET Minister Maxime VERHAGEN (since 22 February 2007) 14 October 2010)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note:
there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012);
- note - Mark RUTTE tendered his resignation 23 April 2012;
- new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which his party won the most seats;
- during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position;
- he was sworn in again to be prime minister on 5 November 2012
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch
head of government:
Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Minister Maxime VERHAGEN Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 14 October 2010) 5 November 2012); note - Mark RUTTE tendered his resignation 23 April 2012; new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which his party won the most seats; during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position; he was sworn in again to be prime minister on 5 November 2012
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note:
there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012);
- note - Mark RUTTE tendered his resignation 23 April 2012;
- new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which his party won the most seats;
- during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position;
- he was sworn in again to be prime minister on 5 November 2012
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state:Queen BEATRIX King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch 2013)
head of government:
Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012); note - Mark RUTTE tendered his resignation 23 April 2012; new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which his party won the most seats; during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position; he was sworn in again to be prime minister on 5 November 2012
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note:
there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012);
- note - Mark RUTTE tendered his resignation 23 April 2012;
- new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which his party won the most seats;
- during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position;
- he was sworn in again as prime minister on 5 November 2012
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note: there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
chief of state:
King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)
head of government:
Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012); note - Mark RUTTE tendered his resignation 23 April 2012; new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which his party won the most seats; during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position; he was sworn in again to be as prime minister on 5 November 2012
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note:
there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides consultations advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012);
- note - Mark RUTTE heads his second cabinet since 5 November 2012
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch;
- note -there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
head of government:tendered his resignation 23 April 2012; new elections were held on 12 September 2012 in which heads his party won the most seats; during the interim period he remained in office in a care-taking position; he was sworn in again as prime minister on second cabinet since 5 November 2012
cabinet:monarch monarch; note -there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
note:
there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (since 30 April 2013)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012);
- note - Mark RUTTE heads his second cabinet since 5 November 2012
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch;
- note -there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (since 30 April 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER (since 5 November 2012); note - Mark RUTTE heads his second cabinet since 5 November 2012
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch; note -there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (since 30 April 2013)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Hugo DE JONGE, Karin Kajsa OLLONGREN, and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017);
- note - Mark RUTTE heads his third cabinet since 26 October 2017
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (since 30 April 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk ASSCHER Ministers Hugo DE JONGE, Karin Kajsa OLLONGREN, and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 5 November 2012); 26 October 2017); note - Mark RUTTE heads his second third cabinet since 5 November 2012 26 October 2017
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch; note -there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors that provides advice to the cabinet on legislative and administrative policy monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers appointed by the monarch
The same text in 3 editions, 2018 to 2020.
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010; Deputy Prime Ministers (since 26 October 2017) Hugo DE JONGE, Karin Kajsa OLLONGREN, and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017); note - Mark RUTTE heads his third cabinet put in place since 26 October 2017
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (since 30 April 2013) (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); 2010; Deputy Prime Ministers (since 26 October 2017) Hugo DE JONGE, Karin Kajsa OLLONGREN, and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017); note - Mark RUTTE heads his third cabinet put in place since 26 October 2017
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister (vacant);
- note - Prime Minister Mark RUTTE resigned on 15 January 2021 and is acting Prime Minister;
- Deputy Prime Ministers (since 26 October 2017) Hugo DE JONGE, Karin Kajsa OLLONGREN, and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017);
- note - Mark RUTTE heads his third cabinet put in place since 26 October 2017
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister (vacant); note - Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010; resigned on 15 January 2021 and is acting Prime Minister; Deputy Prime Ministers (since 26 October 2017) Hugo DE JONGE, Karin Kajsa OLLONGREN, and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017); note - Mark RUTTE heads his third cabinet put in place since 26 October 2017
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess CATHARINA-AMALIA (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Sigrid KAAG and Wopke HOEKSTRA (since 10 January 2022) and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017);
- note - Mark RUTTE heads his fourth cabinet
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess Catharina-Amalia CATHARINA-AMALIA (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister (vacant); note - Prime Minister Mark RUTTE resigned on 15 January 2021 and is acting Prime Minister; (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Ministers Sigrid KAAG and Wopke HOEKSTRA (since 26 October 2017) Hugo DE JONGE, Karin Kajsa OLLONGREN, 10 January 2022) and Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017); note - Mark RUTTE heads his third fourth cabinet put in place since 26 October 2017
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess CATHARINA-AMALIA (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Sigrid KAAG and Wopke HOEKSTRA (since 10 January 2022), Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017);
- note - Mark RUTTE's ruling coalition collapsed on 8 July 2023;
- he is serving as prime minister in a caretaker status until a new prime minister is named following the 22 November 2023
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess CATHARINA-AMALIA (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Ministers Sigrid KAAG and Wopke HOEKSTRA (since 10 January 2022) and 2022), Carola SCHOUTEN (since 26 October 2017); note - Mark RUTTE heads his fourth cabinet RUTTE's ruling coalition collapsed on 8 July 2023; he is serving as prime minister in a caretaker status until a new prime minister is named following the 22 November 2023
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Dick SCHOOF (since 2 July 2024)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- elections/appointments:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch;
- deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013); Heir Apparent Princess CATHARINA-AMALIA (daughter of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER, born 7 December 2003) 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Mark RUTTE (since 14 October 2010); Deputy Prime Ministers Sigrid KAAG and Wopke HOEKSTRA (since 10 January 2022), Carola SCHOUTEN Dick SCHOOF (since 26 October 2017); note - Mark RUTTE's ruling coalition collapsed on 8 2 July 2023; he is serving as prime minister in a caretaker status until a new prime minister is named following the 22 November 2023 2024)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; deputy prime ministers are appointed by the monarch
- chief of state:
- King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)
- head of government:
- Caretaker Prime Minister Dick SCHOOF (since 3 June 2025)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
- election/appointment process:
- the monarchy is hereditary;
- following Second Chamber elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister;
- deputy prime ministers are also appointed by the monarch
note: Prime Minister Dick SCHOOF resigned on 3 June 2025 after a party withdrew from his governing coalition, but he will continue in a caretaker capacity until new elections are held, probably in the fall of 2025
chief of state: King WILLEM-ALEXANDER (since 30 April 2013)
head of government: Caretaker Prime Minister Dick SCHOOF (since 2 July 2024) 3 June 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarchelections/appointments: election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed as prime minister by the monarch; minister; deputy prime ministers are also appointed by the monarch
note: Prime Minister Dick SCHOOF resigned on 3 June 2025 after a party withdrew from his governing coalition, but he will continue in a caretaker capacity until new elections are held, probably in the fall of 2025
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Netherlands: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/netherlands/executive-branch.