The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 South America
Illicit drugs Peru, in 36 editions.
The entry for Peru published Illicit drugs in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 22 editions. Each is shown as published. Illicit drugs in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 22
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Illicit drugs” (1990 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Rewritten since 2024- world's largest coca producer and source of supply for coca paste and cocaine base;
- about 85% of cultivation is for illicit production;
- most of coca base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market
world's largest coca producer and source of supply for coca paste and cocaine base; about 85% of cultivation is for illicit production; most of coca base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market
- world's largest coca leaf producer with about 121,000 hectares under cultivation;
- source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base;
- about 85% of cultivation is for illicit production;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market
world's largest coca leaf producer and with about 121,000 hectares under cultivation; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; about 85% of cultivation is for illicit production; most of coca cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market
The same text in 1992 and 1993.
- world's largest coca leaf producer with about 121,000 hectares under cultivation;
- source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base;
- at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market
world's largest coca leaf producer with about 121,000 hectares under
cultivation; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine
base; about at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of
cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into
cocaine for the international drug market
- world's largest coca leaf producer with about 108,800 hectares under cultivation in 1993;
- source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base;
- at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market
world's largest coca leaf producer with about 121,000 108,800 hectares undercultivation; cultivation in 1993; source of supply for most of the world's coca
paste and cocaine
illicit production; most of
dealers for processing into
- world's largest coca leaf producer with about 108,600 hectares under cultivation in 1994;
- source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base;
- at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing
world's largest coca leaf producer with about 108,800 108,600
hectares under1993; 1994; source of supply for most of the
world's coca
is for
Colombian drug
international drug market market, but exports of finished cocaine are
increasing
- world's largest coca leaf producer with about 115,300 hectares under cultivation in 1995;
- source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base;
- at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing
world's largest coca leaf producer with about 108,600
115,300 hectares under cultivation in 1994; 1995; source of supply for
most of the
coca cultivation
shipped tothe
the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are
increasing
- still world's largest coca leaf producer with some 94,400 hectares under cultivation in 1996, even though down 18% from 1995;
- source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing PHILIPPINES
still world's largest coca leaf producer with about some115,300 94,400 hectares under cultivation in 1996, even though down 18% from
1995; source of supply forbase; at least 85% ofcoca cultivation is for illicit production; base; most of cocaine base is
processing into cocaine for
of finished cocaine are
PHILIPPINES
- until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 40%, from 115,300 hectares in 1995 to 68,800 hectares at the end of 1997;
- source of supply for most of the world's cocaine base;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing PHILIPPINES
still until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer with some producer,94,400 hectares Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation in 1996, even though down 18% by 40%, from1995; 115,300 hectares in 1995 to 68,800 hectares at the end of 1997; source
of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine
is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for
the international drug market, but exports
increasing
PHILIPPINES
- until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 26%, from 68,800 hectares in 1997 to 51,000 hectares at the end of 1998;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing
until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer,
producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 40%, from115,300 26%, from 68,800 hectares in 1995 1997 to 68,800 51,000 hectares at the end of 1997; sourceof supply for most of the world's cocaine base; 1998; most of cocaine baseColombian drug dealers neighboring Colombia and
Brazil for processing into cocaine for
market, but exports of finished cocaine are
PHILIPPINES
- until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 24% to 38,700 hectares at the end of 1999;
- most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe [Country Listing] [ The World Factbook Home]
until recently the world's largest coca leaf
26%, from 68,800 hectares in 199751,000 38,700 hectares at the end of
1998;Colombia Colombia, Bolivia, and
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 64% to 34,200 hectares between 1996 and the end of 2000;
- much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine for the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of finished cocaine, however, are being shipped to Europe or to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets
until recently 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 24% 64% to 38,700 34,200 hectares at between 1996 and the end of 1999; most 2000; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil Colombia for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports market; increasing amounts of finished cocaine cocaine, however, are increasing by maritime conveyance being shipped to Mexico, US, and Europe [Country Listing] [ The World Factbook Home] or to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer;
- emerging opium producer;
- cultivation of coca in Peru increased by 8% to 36,600 hectares between 2001 and the end of 2002;
- much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru reduced the area producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca under cultivation in Peru increased by 64% 8% to 34,200 36,600 hectares between 1996 2001 and the end of 2000; 2002; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine for is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being shipped to Europe or moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets Europe and Africa
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer;
- emerging opium producer;
- cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003;
- much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru increased by 8% fell 15 percent to 36,600 31,150 hectares between 2001 2002 and the end of 2002; 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer;
- cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15% to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003;
- much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent 15% to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia;
- cultivation of coca in Peru rose 25% to 34,000 hectares in 2005;
- much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15% rose 25% to 31,150 34,000 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; in 2005; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
The same text in 3 editions, 2008 to 2010.
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia;
- cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000 hectares in 2007;
- second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 210 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007;
- finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa;
- increasing domestic drug consumption
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru rose 25% declined to 34,000 36,000 hectares in 2005; much 2007; second largest producer of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while estimated at 210 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped transshipment to Europe and Africa Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia;
- cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 40,000 hectares in 2009, a slight decrease over 2008;
- second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 225 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2009;
- finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa;
- increasing domestic drug consumption (2011)
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000 was estimated at 40,000 hectares in 2007; 2009, a slight decrease over 2008; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 210 225 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007; 2009; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption (2011)
The same text in 5 editions, 2012 to 2016.
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia;
- cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 40,000 hectares in 2009, a slight decrease over 2008;
- second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 225 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2009;
- finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa;
- increasing domestic drug consumption
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 40,000 hectares in 2009, a slight decrease over 2008; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 225 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2009; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption (2011)
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia;
- cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 53,000 hectares in 2015, an increase of 14 per cent over 2014;
- second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 380 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2015;
- finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa;
- increasing domestic drug consumption
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 40,000 53,000 hectares in 2009, a slight decrease 2015, an increase of 14 per cent over 2008; 2014; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 225 380 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2009; 2015; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption
The same text in 3 editions, 2018 to 2020.
- until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia;
- cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 44,000 hectares in 2016, a decrease of 16 per cent over 2015;
- second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 410 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2016;
- finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
- increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa;
- increasing domestic drug consumption
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru was estimated at 53,000 44,000 hectares in 2015, an increase 2016, a decrease of 14 16 per cent over 2014; 2015; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 380 410 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2015; 2016; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption
The same text in 2021 and 2022.
- world’s second-largest producer of cocaine, with an estimated 88,200 hectares under coca cultivation in 2020;
- cocaine is trafficked throughout South America for shipment to Europe, East Asia, Mexico, and the United States;
- major importer of precursor chemicals for cocaine production
Rewritten: too little of the 2020 text remains to mark the changes.
world’s second-largest producer of cocaine, with an estimated 88,200 hectares under coca cultivation in 2020; cocaine is trafficked throughout South America for shipment to Europe, East Asia, Mexico, and the United States; major importer of precursor chemicals for cocaine production
The same text in 2023 and 2024.
- world’s second-largest producer of cocaine and coca (after Colombia), with approximately 84,400 hectares (ha) under cultivation in 2021;
- Peruvian cocaine is trafficked throughout South America for shipment to Europe, East Asia, Mexico, and the United States;
- major importer of precursor chemicals for cocaine production;
- growing domestic drug consumption problem;
- a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics
world’s second-largest producer of cocaine, cocaine and coca (after Colombia), with an estimated 88,200 approximately 84,400 hectares (ha) under coca cultivation in 2020; 2021; Peruvian cocaine is trafficked throughout South America for shipment to Europe, East Asia, Mexico, and the United States; major importer of precursor chemicals for cocaine production; growing domestic drug consumption problem; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics
- USG identification:
- major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country
- major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
Rewritten: too little of the 2024 text remains to mark the changes.
USG identification:
major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country
major precursor-chemical producer (2025)
No edition has those words. Try a shorter word.
Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Peru: Illicit drugs.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/peru/illicit-drugs.