The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Executive branch Poland, in 35 editions.
The entry for Poland published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 30 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 30
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hanna SUCHOCKA (since 10 July 1992)
Published as “Elections”
- President:
- first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995);
- results - second round Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%
- Senate:
- last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995); results -
- Solidarity Bloc:
- Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
- Communist origin or linked:
- PSL 8%, SLD 4%; seats - (100 total)
- Solidarity Bloc:
- UD 21, NSZZ 11, ZCHN 9, Liberal-Democratic Congress 6, PL 7, PCHD 3, other local candidates 11;
- Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
- KPN 4, CHD 1, MN 1 local candidates 5
- Communist origin or linked:
- PSL 8, SLD 4
- Sejm:
- last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995); results -
- Solidarity Bloc:
- Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
- Communist origin or linked:
- SLD 11.98%, PSL 8.67%; seats - (460 total)
- Solidarity Bloc:
- UD 62, ZCHN 9, PC 44, Liberal-Democratic Congress 37, PL 28, NSZZ 27, SP 4, PCHD 4, RDS 1, Krackow Coalition in Solidarity with the President 1, Piast Agreement 1, Bydgoszcz Peasant List 1, Solidarity 80 1
- Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
- KPN 46, PPPP 16, MN 7, CHD 5, Western Union 4, UPR 3, Autonomous Silesia 2, SD 1, Orthodox Election Committee 1, Committee of Women Against Hardships 1, Podhale Union 1, Wielkopolska Group 1, Wielkopolska and Lubuski Inhabitants 1
- Communist origin or linked:
- SLD 60, PSL 48, Party X 3
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Hanna SUCHOCKA (since 10 July 1992)
President:
first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9 December 1990 (next
to be held NA November 1995); results - second round Lech WALESA 74.7%,
Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%
Senate:
last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995);
results -
Solidarity Bloc:
UD 21%, NSZZ 11%, ZCHN 9%, PC 9%, Liberal-Democratic Congress 6%, PL 7%,
PCHD 3%, other local candidates 11%
Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
KPN 4%, CHD 1%, MN 1%, local candidates 5%
Communist origin or linked:
PSL 8%, SLD 4%; seats - (100 total)
Solidarity Bloc:
UD 21, NSZZ 11, ZCHN 9, Liberal-Democratic Congress 6, PL 7, PCHD 3, other
local candidates 11;
Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
KPN 4, CHD 1, MN 1 local candidates 5
Communist origin or linked:
PSL 8, SLD 4
Sejm:
last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995);
results -
Solidarity Bloc:
UD 12.31%, ZCHN 8.73%, PL 8.71%, Liberal-Democratic Congress 7.48%, PL
5.46%, NSZZ 5.05%, SP 2.05%, PCHD 1.11%
Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
KPN 7.50%, PPPP 3.27%, CHD 2.36%, UPR 2.25%, MN 1.70%
Communist origin or linked:
SLD 11.98%, PSL 8.67%; seats - (460 total)
Solidarity Bloc:
UD 62, ZCHN 9, PC 44, Liberal-Democratic Congress 37, PL 28, NSZZ 27, SP 4,
PCHD 4, RDS 1, Krackow Coalition in Solidarity with the President 1, Piast
Agreement 1, Bydgoszcz Peasant List 1, Solidarity 80 1
Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
KPN 46, PPPP 16, MN 7, CHD 5, Western Union 4, UPR 3, Autonomous Silesia 2,
SD 1, Orthodox Election Committee 1, Committee of Women Against Hardships 1,
Podhale Union 1, Wielkopolska Group 1, Wielkopolska and Lubuski Inhabitants
1
Communist origin or linked:
SLD 60, PSL 48, Party X 3
Published as “Elections”
- president:
- first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995);
- results - second round Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%
- Senat:
- last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995); seats - (100 total)
- post-Solidarity bloc:
- UD 21, NSZZ 11, ZCHN 9, PC 9, Liberal-Democratic Congress 6, PL 7, PCHD 3, other local candidates 11;
- non-Communist, non-Solidarity:
- KPN 4, CHD 1, MN 1, local candidates 5
- Communist origin or linked:
- PSL 8, SLD 4
- Sejm:
- last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995); seats - (460 total)
- post-Solidarity bloc:
- UD 62, ZCHN 49, PC 44, Liberal-Democratic Congress 37, PL 28, NSZZ 27, SP 4, PCHD 4, RDS 1, Krackow Coalition in Solidarity with the President 1, Piast Agreement 1, Bydgoszcz Peasant List 1, Solidarity 80 1
- non-Communist, non-Solidarity:
- KPN 46, PPPP 16, MN 7, CHD 5, Western Union 4, UPR 3, Autonomous Silesia 2, SD 1, Orthodox Election Committee 1, Committee of Women Against Hardships 1, Podhale Union 1, Wielkopolska Group 1, Wielkopolska and Lubuski Inhabitants 1, Party X 3
- Communist origin or linked:
- SLD 60, PSL 48
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Hanna SUCHOCKA (since 10 July 1992)
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet) president:
Chief of State:
President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Hanna SUCHOCKA (since 10 July 1992)
President:
first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9 December 1990 (next
to be held NA November 1995); results - second round Lech WALESA 74.7%,
Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%Senate: Senat:
last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995);results - seats - (100 total)
Solidarity Bloc:
UD 21%, NSZZ 11%, ZCHN 9%, PC 9%, Liberal-Democratic Congress 6%, PL 7%,
PCHD 3%, other local candidates 11%
Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
KPN 4%, CHD 1%, MN 1%, local candidates 5%
Communist origin or linked:
PSL 8%, SLD 4%;Solidarity Bloc: post-Solidarity bloc:
UD 21, NSZZ 11, ZCHN 9, PC 9, Liberal-Democratic Congress 6, PL 7, PCHD 3, other
other local candidates 11;Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity: non-Communist, non-Solidarity:
KPN 4, CHD 1, MN 1 1, local candidates 5
Communist origin or linked:
PSL 8, SLD 4
Sejm:
last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held no later than NA October 1995);results - seats - (460 total)
Solidarity Bloc:
UD 12.31%, ZCHN 8.73%, PL 8.71%, Liberal-Democratic Congress 7.48%, PL
5.46%, NSZZ 5.05%, SP 2.05%, PCHD 1.11%
Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity:
KPN 7.50%, PPPP 3.27%, CHD 2.36%, UPR 2.25%, MN 1.70%
Communist origin or linked:
SLD 11.98%, PSL 8.67%;Solidarity Bloc: post-Solidarity bloc:
UD 62, ZCHN 9, 49, PC 44, Liberal-Democratic Congress 37, PL 28, NSZZ 27, SP 4,
PCHD 4, RDS 1, Krackow Coalition in Solidarity with the President 1, Piast
Agreement 1, Bydgoszcz Peasant List 1, Solidarity 80 1Non-Communist, Non-Solidarity: non-Communist, non-Solidarity:
KPN 46, PPPP 16, MN 7, CHD 5, Western Union 4, UPR 3, Autonomous Silesia 2,
SD 1, Orthodox Election Committee 1, Committee of Women Against Hardships 1,
Podhale Union 1, Wielkopolska Group 1, Wielkopolska and Lubuski Inhabitants1 1, Party X 3
Communist origin or linked:
SLD 60, PSL 48, Party X 3 48
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Hanna SUCHOCKA (since 10 July 1992)
The entry for Poland did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990);
- election first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995);
- results - second round Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jozef OLEKSY (since 6 March 1995); Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI, Grzegorz KOLODKO, and Aleksander LUCZAK (since NA)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; responsible to the president and the Sejm
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990);
election first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9
December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - second
round Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%
head of government: Prime Minister Jozef OLEKSY (since 6 March 1995);
Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI, Grzegorz KOLODKO, and
Aleksander LUCZAK (since NA)
cabinet: Council of Ministers; responsible to the president and the
Sejm
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995) was elected for a five-year term by popular vote;
- election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000);
- results - second round Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech WALESA 48.3%
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ (since 7 February 1996), Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI (since NA), Grzegorz KOLODKO (since NA), and Miroslaw PIETRIEWICZ (since NA) were appointed by the Sejm
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers is responsible to the president and the Sejm; the prime minister appointed and the Sejm approved the Council of Ministers
chief of state: President Lech WALESA Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 22 23 December 1990);
1995) was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election
first round held 25 5 November 1990, 1995, second round held 9 19 November 1995December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995); 2000); results - second
Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3% 48.3%
head of government: Prime Minister Jozef OLEKSY Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ (since 6 March 1995); 7
February 1996), Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI, JAGIELINSKI (since NA),
Grzegorz KOLODKO, KOLODKO (since NA), and
Aleksander LUCZAK
were appointed by the Sejm
cabinet: Council of Ministers; Ministers is responsible to the president and the
the Sejm; the prime minister appointed and the Sejm approved the
Council of Ministers
- chief of state :
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ (since 7 February 1996), Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI (since 7 March 1995), Marek BELKA (since NA February 1997), and Miroslaw PIETRIEWICZ (since 7 February 1996)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister appoints and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers elected by the Sejm;
- election last held NA 1996 (next to be held September 1997)
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president;
- percent of legislative vote, second round - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech WALESA 48.3%;
- Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ selected prime minister
chief of state: state : President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December
1995) was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; electionfirst round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995head of government: Prime Minister Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ (since 7
(next to be held NA November 2000); results - second round
Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech WALESA 48.3%
February 1996), Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI (since NA), 7Grzegorz KOLODKO March 1995), Marek BELKA (since NA), NA February 1997), and Miroslaw
PIETRIEWICZ (since NA) 7 February 1996)
were appointed by the Sejm
cabinet: Council of Ministers is responsible to the president prime minister and
the Sejm; the prime minister appointed appoints and the Sejm approved approves the
Council of Ministers
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19
November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000); prime minister and
deputy prime ministers elected by the Sejm; election last held NA 1996
(next to be held September 1997)
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president; percent of
legislative vote, second round - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech
WALESA 48.3%; Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ selected prime minister
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK (since NA October 1997),
- Deputy Prime Ministers Leszek BALCEROWICZ (since 31 October 1997),
- Janusz TOMASZEWSKI (since 31 October 1997)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president;
- percent of legislative vote, second round-Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech WALESA 48.3%;
- Jerzy BUZEK selected prime minister
chief of state : state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December
1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ Jerzy BUZEK (since 7 NA OctoberFebruary 1996), 1997), Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI Leszek BALCEROWICZ (since 7 31 OctoberMarch 1995), Marek BELKA (since NA February 1997), and Miroslaw Janusz TOMASZEWSKI (since
PIETRIEWICZ7 February 1996) 31 October 1997)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and
the Sejm; the prime minister appoints proposes, the president appoints, and the
Sejm approves the
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19
November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000); prime minister and
deputy prime ministers elected appointed by the Sejm; election last held NA 1996 president and confirmed by the(next to be held September 1997) Sejm
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president; percent of
legislative vote, second round - Aleksander round-Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech
WALESA 48.3%; Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ Jerzy BUZEK selected prime minister
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK (since NA October 1997),
- Deputy Prime Ministers Leszek BALCEROWICZ (since 31 October 1997),
- Janusz TOMASZEWSKI (since 31 October 1997)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president in 1995;
- percent of popular vote, second round--Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech WALESA 48.3%;
- Jerzy BUZEK selected prime minister in 1997
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December
1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK (since NA October
1997), Deputy Prime Ministers Leszek BALCEROWICZ (since 31 October
1997), Janusz TOMASZEWSKI (since 31 October 1997)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and
the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the
the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19
November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000); prime minister and
deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the
the Sejm
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president; president in 1995;
percent of
legislativeround-Aleksander round--Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech
Lech WALESA 48.3%; Jerzy BUZEK selected prime minister in 1997
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK (since 31 October 1997),
- Deputy Prime Ministers Leszek BALCEROWICZ (since 31 October 1997),
- Longin KOMOLOWSKI (since 19 October 1999)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 (next to be held NA November 2000);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president;
- percent of popular vote,
- second round - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%,
- Lech WALESA 48.3%
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December
head of government: Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK (since NA 31 OctoberJanusz TOMASZEWSKI Longin KOMOLOWSKI (since 31 19 October 1997) 1999)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI elected president in 1995;president; percent of popular vote, second round--Aleksander round - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%,48.3%; Jerzy BUZEK selected prime minister in 1997 48.3%
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995) head of government: Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK - Solidarity Electoral Union - (since 31 October 1997), Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz STEINHOFF (since 12 June 2000), Longin KOMOLOWSKI (since 19 October 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president;
- percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzj OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)Leszek BALCEROWICZ Janusz STEINHOFF (since 31 October 1997), 12 June 2000), Longin KOMOLOWSKI (since 19 October 1999)first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA November 2000); October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejmelected reelected president; percent of popular vote, second round vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, 53.9%, Andrzj OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 48.3% 1%
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Leszek MILLER (SLD) (since 19 October 2001),
- Deputy Prime Ministers Marek POL (since 19 October 2001),
- Jaroslaw KALINOWSKI (since 19 October 2001),
- Grzegorz KOLODKO (since 8 July 2002)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president;
- percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzj OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
head of government: Prime Minister Jerzy BUZEK - Solidarity Electoral Union - Leszek MILLER (SLD) (since 31 19 October 1997), 2001), Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz STEINHOFF Marek POL (since 12 June 2000), Longin KOMOLOWSKI 19 October 2001), Jaroslaw KALINOWSKI (since 19 October 1999) 2001), Grzegorz KOLODKO (since 8 July 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president; percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzj OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Leszek MILLER (SLD) (since 19 October 2001),
- Deputy Prime Ministers Marek POL (since 19 October 2001),
- Jerzy HAUSNER (since 11 June 2003)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president;
- percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
head of government: Prime Minister Leszek MILLER (SLD) (since 19 October 2001), Deputy Prime Ministers Marek POL (since 19 October 2001), Jaroslaw KALINOWSKI (since 19 October 2001), Grzegorz KOLODKO Jerzy HAUSNER (since 8 July 2002) 11 June 2003)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president; percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzj Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Marek BELKA (since 24 June 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Jerzy HAUSNER (since 11 June 2003)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president;
- percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejmhead of government: Prime Minister Leszek MILLER (SLD) Marek BELKA (since 19 October 2001), 24 June 2004); Deputy Prime Ministers Marek POL (since 19 October 2001), Minister Jerzy HAUSNER (since 11 June 2003)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president; percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
- chief of state:
- President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Marek BELKA (since 24 June 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Izabela JARUGA-NOWACKA (since 24 June 2004)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held October 2005);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president;
- percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI (since 23 December 1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Marek BELKA (since 24 June 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Jerzy HAUSNER Izabela JARUGA-NOWACKA (since 11 24 June 2003) 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected president; percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1%
- chief of state:
- President Lech KACZYNSKI (since 23 December 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI (since 10 July 2006);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Ludwik DORN (since 23 November 2005), Roman GIERTYCH (since 5 May 2006), Zyta GILOWSKA (since 22 September 2006), Andrzej LEPPER (since 16 October 2006)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 9 and 23 October 2005 (next to be held October 2010);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Lech KACZYNSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Lech KACZYNSKI 54%, Donald Tusk 46%
chief of state: President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI Lech KACZYNSKI (since 23 December 1995) 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Marek BELKA Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI (since 24 June 2004); 10 July 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Izabela JARUGA-NOWACKA Ministers Ludwik DORN (since 24 June 2004) 23 November 2005), Roman GIERTYCH (since 5 May 2006), Zyta GILOWSKA (since 22 September 2006), Andrzej LEPPER (since 16 October 2006)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; term (eligible for a second term); election last held 8 9 and 23 October 2000 2005 (next to be held October 2005); 2010); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI reelected Lech KACZYNSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 53.9%, Andrzej OLECHOWSKI 17.3%, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI 15.6%, Lech WALESA 1% KACZYNSKI 54%, Donald Tusk 46%
The same text in 2007 and 2008.
- chief of state:
- President Lech KACZYNSKI (since 23 December 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Waldemar PAWLAK (since 16 November 2007) and Grzegorz SCHETYNA (since 16 November 2007)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 9 and 23 October 2005 (next to be held in the fall 2010);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Lech KACZYNSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Lech KACZYNSKI 54%, Donald Tusk 46%
chief of state: President Lech KACZYNSKI (since 23 December 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI Donald TUSK (since 10 July 2006); 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Ministers Ludwik DORN Waldemar PAWLAK (since 23 16 November 2005), Roman GIERTYCH (since 5 May 2006), Zyta GILOWSKA (since 22 September 2006), Andrzej LEPPER 2007) and Grzegorz SCHETYNA (since 16 October 2006) November 2007)
cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 9 and 23 October 2005 (next to be held October in the fall 2010); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Lech KACZYNSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Lech KACZYNSKI 54%, Donald Tusk 46%
- chief of state:
- President Lech KACZYNSKI (since 23 December 2005)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Waldemar PAWLAK (since 16 November 2007)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 9 and 23 October 2005 (next to be held in the fall 2010);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Lech KACZYNSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Lech KACZYNSKI 54%, Donald Tusk 46%
chief of state:
President Lech KACZYNSKI (since 23 December 2005)
head of government:
Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Ministers Minister Waldemar PAWLAK (since 16 November 2007) and Grzegorz SCHETYNA (since 16 November 2007)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 9 and 23 October 2005 (next to be held in the fall 2010); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results:
Lech KACZYNSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Lech KACZYNSKI 54%, Donald Tusk 46%
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
- chief of state:
- President Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (since 6 August 2010)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Waldemar PAWLAK (since 16 November 2007)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 20 June and 4 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 47%
chief of state:
President Lech KACZYNSKI Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (since 23 December 2005) 6 August 2010)
head of government:
Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Waldemar PAWLAK (since 16 November 2007)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 9 on 20 June and 23 October 2005 4 July 2010 (next to be held in the fall 2010); 2015); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results:Lech KACZYNSKI Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Lech Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 54%, Donald Tusk 46% 47%
- chief of state:
- President Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (since 6 August 2010)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 6 December 2012)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 20 June and 4 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 47%
chief of state:
President Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (since 6 August 2010)
head of government:
Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Waldemar PAWLAK Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 16 November 2007) 6 December 2012)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 June and 4 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results:
Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 47%
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- chief of state:
- President Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (since 6 August 2010)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 6 December 2012) and Elzbieta BIENKOWSKA (since 27 November 2013)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm;
- the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 20 June and 4 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 47%
chief of state:
President Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (since 6 August 2010)
head of government:
Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 16 November 2007); Deputy Prime Minister Ministers Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 6 December 2012) and Elzbieta BIENKOWSKA (since 27 November 2013)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; the prime minister proposes, the president appoints, and the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 June and 4 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results:
Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI elected president; percent of popular vote - Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 47%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ewa KOPACZ (since 22 September 2014);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 6 December 2012) and Tomasz SIEMONIAK (since 22 September 2014)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 10 and 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Andrzej DUDA elected president; percent of vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state:Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2010) 2015)
head of government:Donald TUSK Ewa KOPACZ (since 16 November 2007); 22 September 2014); Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz PIECHOCINSKI (since 6 December 2012) and Elzbieta BIENKOWSKA Tomasz SIEMONIAK (since 27 November 2013) 22 September 2014)
cabinet:responsible to the prime minister and the Sejm; proposed by the prime minister proposes, minister, appointed by the president appoints, president, and approved by the Sejm approves the Council of Ministers(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a
elections:five-year 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 June 10 and 4 July 2010 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2015); 2020); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results:
Bronislaw KOMOROWSKIpopular vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI 53%, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI 47% (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Beata SZYDLO (since 16 November 2015);
- Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Development Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 16 November 2015)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 10 and 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Andrzej DUDA elected president; percent of vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Ewa KOPACZ Beata SZYDLO (since 22 September 2014); 16 November 2015); Deputy Prime Ministers Janusz PIECHOCINSKI Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr GLINSKI (since 6 December 2012) 16 November 2015), Deputy Prime Minister and Tomasz SIEMONIAK Minister of Science and Higher Education Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 22 September 2014) 16 November 2015), and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Development Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 16 November 2015)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 and 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister and minister, deputy prime ministers ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Andrzej DUDA elected president; percent of vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017);
- Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Beata SZYDLO, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Policy (since 11 December 2017)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 10 and 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Beata SZYDLO Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 16 November 2015); 11 December 2017); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), and Beata SZYDLO, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Development Mateusz MORAWIECKI Social Policy (since 16 November 2015) 11 December 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 and 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Andrzej DUDA elected president; president in second round; percent of vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI and Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Beata SZYDLO (since 11 December 2017)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 10 May 2015 with a second round on 24 May 2015 (next to be held in May 2020);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and National Heritage Ministers Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Science and Higher Education Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Beata SZYDLO, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Policy SZYDLO (since 11 December 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 and May 2015 with a second round on 24 May 2015 (next to be held in May 2020); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; runoff; percent of vote in runoff - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI and Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 4 June 2019)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 10 May 2015 with a second round on 24 May 2015 (next to be held in May 2020);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017); Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI and Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Beata SZYDLO Jacek SASIN (since 11 December 2017) 4 June 2019)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 May 2015 with a second round on 24 May 2015 (next to be held in May 2020); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI and Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 4 June 2019)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
- Andrzej DUDA reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017); Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI and Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 4 June 2019)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 May 2015 28 June 2020 with a second round on 24 May 2015 12 July 2020 (next to be held in May 2020); 2025); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results: Andrzej DUDA elected reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5% 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 15 November 2019), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI (6 October 2020) and Henryk KOWALCZYK (26 October 2021)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017); Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI and Jaroslaw GOWIN (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 4 June 2019) 15 November 2019), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI (6 October 2020) and Henryk KOWALCZYK (26 October 2021)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results:
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 15 November 2019), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI (6 October 2020) and Henryk KOWALCZYK (26 October 2021)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
- election results:
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI (since 11 December 2017); Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 15 November 2019), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI (6 October 2020) and Henryk KOWALCZYK (26 October 2021)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm
election results:runoff; second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in runoff; second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 11 December 2023);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 15 November 2019), Henryk KOWALCZYK (since 26 October 2021), and Mariusz BLASZCZAK (since 22 June 2022)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm;
- all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation
- election results:
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Mateusz MORAWIECKI Donald TUSK (since 11 December 2017); 2023); Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 15 November 2019), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI (6 October 2020) and Henryk KOWALCZYK (26 (since 26 October 2021) 2021), and Mariusz BLASZCZAK (since 22 June 2022)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation
election results:
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 11 December 2023)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm;
- all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation
- election results:
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA (since 6 August 2015)
head of government: Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 11 December 2023); Deputy Prime Ministers Piotr GLINSKI (since 16 November 2015), Jacek SASIN (since 15 November 2019), Henryk KOWALCZYK (since 26 October 2021), and Mariusz BLASZCZAK (since 22 June 2022) 2023)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation
election results:
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- chief of state:
- President Karol NAWROCKI (since 6 August 2025)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 11 December 2023)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejm
- election/appointment process:
- president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm;
- all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation
- most recent election date:
- 18 May 2025, with the second round on 1 June 2025
- election results:
- 2025: Karol NAWROCKI elected president in second round;
- percent of vote - Karol NAWROCKI (PiS) 50.9%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49.1%;
- NAWROCKI takes office 6 August 2025
2025: First round Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 31.4%, Karol NAWROCKI 29.5% (PiS), Slawomir MENTZEN 14.8%, Grzegorz BRAUN 6.3%, and Szymon HOLOWNIA 5.0%; second round to be held on 1 June 2025;
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
- expected date of next election:
- July 2030
chief of state: President Andrzej DUDA Karol NAWROCKI (since 6 August 2015) 2025)
head of government: Prime Minister Donald TUSK (since 11 December 2023)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by the Sejmelections/appointments: election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds rounds, if needed needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 June 2020 with a second round on 12 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025); prime minister, deputy prime ministers, and Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the Sejm; all presidential candidates resign their party affiliation
most recent election date: 18 May 2025, with the second round on 1 June 2025
election results:
2025: Karol NAWROCKI elected president in second round; percent of vote - Karol NAWROCKI (PiS) 50.9%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49.1%; NAWROCKI takes office 6 August 2025
2025: First round Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 31.4%, Karol NAWROCKI 29.5% (PiS), Slawomir MENTZEN 14.8%, Grzegorz BRAUN 6.3%, and Szymon HOLOWNIA 5.0%; second round to be held on 1 June 2025;
2020: Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%
2015: Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%
expected date of next election: July 2030
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Poland: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/poland/executive-branch.