The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Judicial branch Poland, in 36 editions.
The entry for Poland published Judicial branch in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 15 editions. Each is shown as published. Judicial branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 15
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Judicial branch” (1990 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Same as 2024Supreme Court Chief of State--President Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI (since 19 July 1989, Chairman of Council of State since 6 November 1985); Head of Government--Premier Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI (since 24 August 1989) Center-right agrarian parties--Polish Peasant Party (PSL, known unofficially as PSL-Wilanowska), Gen. Franciszek Kaminski, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Solidarity, Josef Slisz, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Rebirth (formerly the United Peasant Party), Kazimirrz Olrsiak, chairman; Other center-right parties--National Party, Bronislaw Ekert, chairman; Christian National Union, Urrslaw Chnzanowski, chairman; Christian Democratic Labor Party, Wladyslaw Sila Nowicki, chairman; Democratic Party, Jerzy Jozwiak, chairman; Center-left parties--Polish Socialist Party, Jan Jozef Lipski, chairman; Left-wing parties--Polish Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution; Other--Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (formerly the Communist Party or Polish United Workers' Party/PZPR), Aleksander Kwasnuewski, chairman; Union of the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (breakaway faction of the PZPR), Tadrusz Fiszbach, chairman
Supreme Court Chief of State--President Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI (since 19 July 1989, Chairman of Council of State since 6 November 1985); Head of Government--Premier Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI (since 24 August 1989) Center-right agrarian parties--Polish Peasant Party (PSL, known unofficially as PSL-Wilanowska), Gen. Franciszek Kaminski, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Solidarity, Josef Slisz, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Rebirth (formerly the United Peasant Party), Kazimirrz Olrsiak, chairman; Other center-right parties--National Party, Bronislaw Ekert, chairman; Christian National Union, Urrslaw Chnzanowski, chairman; Christian Democratic Labor Party, Wladyslaw Sila Nowicki, chairman; Democratic Party, Jerzy Jozwiak, chairman; Center-left parties--Polish Socialist Party, Jan Jozef Lipski, chairman; Left-wing parties--Polish Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution; Other--Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (formerly the Communist Party or Polish United Workers' Party/PZPR), Aleksander Kwasnuewski, chairman; Union of the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (breakaway faction of the PZPR), Tadrusz Fiszbach, chairman
- Supreme Court Chief of State--President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990);
- Head of Government--Prime Minister Jan Krzysztof BIELECKI (since 4 January 1991) center-right agrarian parties--Polish Peasant Party (PSL), Roman BARTOSZCZE, chairman;
- Polish Peasant Party-Solidarity, Gabriel JANOWSKI, chairman;
- other center-right parties--Center Alliance, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI, chairman;
- Christian National Union, Wieslaw CHRZANOWSKI, chairman;
- Christian Democratic Labor Party, Wladyslaw SILA-NOWICKI, chairman;
- Democratic Party, Jerzy JOZWIAK, chairman;
- center-left parties--Polish Socialist Party, Jan Jozef LIPSKI, chairman;
- Democratic Union, Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI, chairman;
- ROAD, Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK and Zbigniew BUJAK, chairmen;
- left-wing parties--Polish Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution, Piotr IKONOWICZ;
- other--Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (formerly the Communist party or Polish United Workers' Party/PZPR), Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI, chairman;
- Union of the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (breakaway faction of the PZPR), Tadeusz FISZBACH, chairman
Supreme Court Chief of State--President Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI Lech WALESA (since 19 July 1989, Chairman of Council of State since 6 November 1985); 22 December 1990); Head of Government--Premier Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI Government--Prime Minister Jan Krzysztof BIELECKI (since 24 August 1989) Center-right 4 January 1991) center-right agrarian parties--Polish Peasant Party (PSL, known unofficially as PSL-Wilanowska), Gen. Franciszek Kaminski, (PSL), Roman BARTOSZCZE, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Solidarity, Josef Slisz, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Rebirth (formerly the United Peasant Party), Kazimirrz Olrsiak, Gabriel JANOWSKI, chairman; Other other center-right parties--National Party, Bronislaw Ekert, parties--Center Alliance, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI, chairman; Christian National Union, Urrslaw Chnzanowski, Wieslaw CHRZANOWSKI, chairman; Christian Democratic Labor Party, Wladyslaw Sila Nowicki, SILA-NOWICKI, chairman; Democratic Party, Jerzy Jozwiak, JOZWIAK, chairman; Center-left center-left parties--Polish Socialist Party, Jan Jozef Lipski, LIPSKI, chairman; Left-wing Democratic Union, Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI, chairman; ROAD, Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK and Zbigniew BUJAK, chairmen; left-wing parties--Polish Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution; Other--Social Revolution, Piotr IKONOWICZ; other--Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (formerly the Communist Party party or Polish United Workers' Party/PZPR), Aleksander Kwasnuewski, KWASNIEWSKI, chairman; Union of the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (breakaway faction of the PZPR), Tadrusz Fiszbach, Tadeusz FISZBACH, chairman
The same text in 4 editions, 1992 to 1995.
Supreme Court
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of Judiciary
Supreme Court Court, judges are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the National Council of Judiciary
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of Judiciary
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the
on the recommendation of the National Council of Judiciary
- Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period;
- Constitutional Tribunal, judges are chosen by the Sejm for a 9-year term
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president
on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period; Constitutional Tribunal, judges are chosen by the
Sejm for a 9-year term
- Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period;
- Constitutional Tribunal, judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president
president on the recommendation of the National Council of the
Judiciary for an
are chosen by thea 9-year term nine-year terms
- Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period;
- Constitutional Tribunal, judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms
Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the
The same text in 12 editions, 2001 to 2012.
- Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period);
- Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)
Supreme Court, judges Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period; period); Constitutional Tribunal, judges Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms terms)
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the president of the Supreme Court and 116 judges organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers)
- judge selection and term of office:
- president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland;
- other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, and appointed by the president of Poland;
- judges appointed until retirement, normally at age 65, but tenure can be extended
- subordinate courts:
- Constitutional Tribunal; regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
Rewritten: too little of the 2012 text remains to mark the changes.
highest court(s):
Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the president of the Supreme Court and 116 judges organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers)
judge selection and term of office:
president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, and appointed by the president of Poland; judges appointed until retirement, normally at age 65, but tenure can be extended
subordinate courts:
Constitutional Tribunal; regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the president of the Supreme Court and 116 judges organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers)
- judge selection and term of office:
- president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland;
- other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, and appointed by the president of Poland;
- judges appointed until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended
- subordinate courts:
- Constitutional Tribunal; regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
highest court(s):
judge selection and term of office:normally usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended
subordinate courts:
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the president of the Supreme Court and 116 judges organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers)
- judge selection and term of office:
- president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland;
- other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, and appointed by the president of Poland;
- judges appointed until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended
- subordinate courts:
- Constitutional Tribunal;
- State Tribunal;
- administrative courts;
- regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the president of the Supreme Court and 116 judges organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers)
judge selection and term of office: president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, and appointed by the president of Poland; judges appointed until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended
subordinate courts: Constitutional Tribunal; State Tribunal; administrative courts; regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers);
- Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
- judge selection and term of office:
- president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland;
- other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland;
- judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended;
- Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for 9-year terms
- subordinate courts:
- State Tribunal;
- administrative courts;
- regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
highest court(s): courts: Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 116 judges 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and military chambers) extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
judge selection and term of office: president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judiciary Council, Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland; judges appointed serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended extended; Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for 9-year terms
subordinate courts: Constitutional Tribunal; State Tribunal; administrative courts; regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
The same text in 2019 and 2020.
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers);
- Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
- judge selection and term of office:
- president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland;
- other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland;
- judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended;
- Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for 9-year terms
- subordinate courts:
- administrative courts;
- military courts;
- local, regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
highest courts: Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
judge selection and term of office: president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland; judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended; Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for 9-year terms
subordinate courts: State Tribunal; administrative courts; military courts; local, regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers);
- Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
- judge selection and term of office:
- president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland;
- other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland;
- judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended;
- Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for single 9-year terms
- subordinate courts:
- administrative courts;
- military courts;
- local, regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
highest courts: Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
judge selection and term of office: president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland; judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended; Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: administrative courts; military courts; local, regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
The same text in 4 editions, 2022 to 2025.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers);
- Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
- judge selection and term of office:
- president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland;
- other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland;
- judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended;
- Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for single 9-year terms
- subordinate courts:
- administrative courts;
- military courts;
- local, regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
highest courts: court(s): Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
judge selection and term of office: president of the Supreme Court nominated by the General Assembly of the Supreme Court and selected by the president of Poland; other judges nominated by the 25-member National Judicial Council and appointed by the president of Poland; judges serve until retirement, usually at age 65, but tenure can be extended; Constitutional Tribunal judges chosen by the Sejm for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: administrative courts; military courts; local, regional and appellate courts subdivided into military, civil, criminal, labor, and family courts
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Poland: Judicial branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/poland/judicial-branch.