The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1992 to 2025 Asia
Judicial branch Russia, in 34 editions.
The entry for Russia published Judicial branch in 34 editions of 34, from 1992 to 2025. The text changed in 18 editions. Each is shown as published. Judicial branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 18
- the first edition with it
- 1992
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Judicial branch” (1992 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024Constitutional Court
Constitutional Court
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court
- Constitutional Court,
- Supreme Court (highest court for criminal, civil, and administrative cases),
- Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that resolves economic disputes)
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (highest court for criminal,
civil, and administrative cases), Superior Court of Arbitration
(highest court that resolves economic disputes)
- Constitutional Court,
- Supreme Court (highest court for criminal, civil, and administrative cases),
- Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that resolves economic disputes)
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (highest court
for criminal,Arbitration
Arbitration (highest court that resolves economic disputes)
- Constitutional Court, judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president;
- Supreme Court (highest court for criminal, civil, and administrative cases), judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president;
- Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that resolves economic disputes), judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president
Rewritten: too little of the 1995 text remains to mark the changes.
Constitutional Court, judges are appointed by the
Federation Council on recommendation of the president; Supreme Court
(highest court for criminal, civil, and administrative cases),
judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of
the president; Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that
resolves economic disputes), judges are appointed by the Federation
Council on recommendation of the president
- Constitutional Court, judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president;
- Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president;
- Superior Court of Arbitration, judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president
Constitutional Court, judges are appointed by the
Federation Council on recommendation of the president; Supreme Court Court,
(highest court for criminal, civil, and administrative cases),
judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of
the president; Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that Arbitration, judges are appointed by
resolves economic disputes),
the Federation
- Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president;
- Supreme Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president;
- Superior Court of Arbitration, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president
Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for life
by theCourt,
Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on
recommendation of
are appointed for life by
the president
- Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president;
- Supreme Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president;
- Superior Court of Arbitration, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for life
life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the
president; Supreme
Federation Council on
Court of Arbitration, judges
Federation Council on the recommendation of
- Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president;
- Supreme Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president;
- Superior Court of Arbitration, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for
The same text in 5 editions, 2001 to 2005.
- Constitutional Court;
- Supreme Court;
- Superior Court of Arbitration;
- judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Constitutional Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president; Court; Supreme Court, judges are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president; Court; Superior Court of Arbitration, Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
The same text in 7 editions, 2006 to 2012.
- Constitutional Court;
- Supreme Court;
- Supreme Arbitration Court;
- judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of Arbitration; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 23 members);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members);
- Superior Court of Arbitration (consists of a chairman and 4 deputy chairmen
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's three highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all three courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- Higher Arbitration Court;
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts;
- note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
Rewritten: too little of the 2012 text remains to mark the changes.
highest court(s):
Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 23 members); Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members); Superior Court of Arbitration (consists of a chairman and 4 deputy chairmen
judge selection and term of office:
all members of Russia's three highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all three courts appointed for life
subordinate courts:
Higher Arbitration Court; regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 23 members);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members);
- Superior Court of Arbitration (consists of a chairman and 4 deputy chairmen);
- note - as of January 2014 legislation was pending that would merge the Constitutional Court and Superior Court of Arbitration
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's three highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all three courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- Higher Arbitration Court;
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts;
- note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
highest court(s):
Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 23 members); Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members); Superior Court of Arbitration (consists of a chairman and 4 deputy chairmen chairmen); note - as of January 2014 legislation was pending that would merge the Constitutional Court and Superior Court of Arbitration
judge selection and term of office:
all members of Russia's three highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all three courts appointed for life
subordinate courts:
Higher Arbitration Court; regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members);
- note - in February 2014, Russia’s Superior Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition to being the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative cases, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, now has jurisdiction over economic disputes
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all 3 courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- Higher Arbitration Court;
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts;
- note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
highest court(s):23 members); 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Superior Court of Arbitration (consists of a chairman and 4 deputy chairmen); note - as of January 2014 legislation was pending that would merge abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Constitutional Court Supreme Court, which in addition to being the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative cases, and Superior Court of Arbitration military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, now has jurisdiction over economic disputes
judge selection and term of office:three 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all three 3 courts appointed for life
subordinate courts:
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members);
- note - in February 2014, Russia’s Superior Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition to being the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board now has jurisdiction over economic disputes
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all 3 courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- Higher Arbitration Court;
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts;
- note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Superior Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition to being the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative cases, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, board now has jurisdiction over economic disputes
judge selection and term of office: all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all 3 courts appointed for life
subordinate courts: Higher Arbitration Court; regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 14 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
The same text in 2018 and 2019.
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members);
- note - in February 2014, Russia’s Superior Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all 3 courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- Higher Arbitration Court;
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts;
- note - the 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
highest court(s): courts: Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Superior Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition to being is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board now board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes
judge selection and term of office: all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all 3 courts appointed for life
subordinate courts: Higher Arbitration Court; regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 14 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
The same text in 2020 and 2021.
- highest courts:
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy);
- note - in February 2014, Russia’s Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all 3 courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts;
- note - the 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
highest courts: Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 19 members); 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Superior Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes
judge selection and term of office: all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all 3 courts appointed for life
subordinate courts: Higher Arbitration Court; regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
The same text in 3 editions, 2022 to 2024.
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy);
- note - in February 2014, Russia’s Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all 3 courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts;
- note - the 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
highest courts: court(s): Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes
judge selection and term of office: all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all 3 courts appointed for life
subordinate courts: regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the 21 Russian Republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel);
- Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy)
- judge selection and term of office:
- all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature);
- members of all 3 courts appointed for life
- subordinate courts:
- regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts;
- Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts;
- autonomous province and district courts (the 21 Russian republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions)
highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (consists of 170 members organized into the Judicial Panel for Civil Affairs, the Judicial Panel for Criminal Affairs, and the Military Panel); Constitutional Court (consists of 11 members, including the chairperson and deputy); note - in February 2014, Russia’s Higher Court of Arbitration was abolished and its former authorities transferred to the Supreme Court, which in addition is the country’s highest judicial authority for appeals, civil, criminal, administrative, and military cases, and the disciplinary judicial board, which has jurisdiction over economic disputes deputy)
judge selection and term of office: all members of Russia's 3 highest courts nominated by the president and appointed by the Federation Council (the upper house of the legislature); members of all 3 courts appointed for life
subordinate courts: regional (kray) and provincial (oblast) courts; Moscow and St. Petersburg city courts; autonomous province and district courts; note - the courts (the 21 Russian Republics republics have court systems specified by their own constitutions constitutions)
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Russia: Judicial branch.” The World Factbook, 1992–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/russia/judicial-branch.