The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Africa
Executive branch Rwanda, in 35 editions.
The entry for Rwanda published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 27 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 27
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2004 edition
Changed since 2003The same text in 1990 and 1991.
president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Sylvestre NSANZIMANA (since NA October 1991)
Published as “Elections”
- President:
- last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results - President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected
- National Development Council:
- last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993);
- results - MRND is the only party;
- seats - (70 total) MRND 70
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Sylvestre NSANZIMANA (since NA October 1991)
President:
last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results -
President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected
National Development Council:
last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results -
MRND is the only party; seats - (70 total) MRND 70
Published as “Elections”
- President:
- last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results - President Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected
- National Development Council:
- last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993);
- results - MRND was the only party;
- seats - (70 total) MRND 70
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Dismas NSENGIYAREMYE (since NA April 1992)
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)President:
Chief of State:
President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Sylvestre NSANZIMANA (since NA October 1991)
last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results -
President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected
National Development Council:
last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results -
MRND is was the only party; seats - (70 total) MRND 70
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Dismas NSENGIYAREMYE (since NA April 1992)
The entry for Rwanda did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994);
- took office following the siezure of the government by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front and the exiling of interim President Dr. Theodore SINDIKUBWABO;
- no future election dates have been set
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU (since the siezure of power by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front in July 1994)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the president
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); took
office following the siezure of the government by the Tutsi Rwandan
Patriotic Front and the exiling of interim President Dr. Theodore
SINDIKUBWABO; no future election dates have been set
head of government: Prime Minister Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU (since the
siezure of power by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front in July 1994)
cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president
- chief of state:
- President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); installed by force by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front; no date set for elections; president is normally elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since NA)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since NA September 1995) was appointed by the president
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers was appointed by the president
chief of state: President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); tookoffice following the siezure of the government installed by force by the Tutsi RwandanFront and the exiling of interim President Dr. Theodore Front; no
SINDIKUBWABO;future election dates have been date set
for elections; president is normally elected for a five-year term by
universal suffrage; Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since NA)
head of government: Prime Minister Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU Celestin RWIGEMA (since the NAsiezure of power September 1995) was appointed by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front in July 1994) president
cabinet: Council of Ministers; Ministers was appointed by the president
- chief of state:
- President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since 19 July 1994)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since 1 September 1995)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections :
- current president installed by force by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front;
- normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- elections last held NA (next to be held NA);
- prime minister appointed by the president
chief of state: President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994);
installed by force by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front; no date set
for elections; president is normally elected for a five-year term by
universal suffrage;
President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since NA) 19 July 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since NA1 September
1995) was appointed by the president
cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed by the president
elections : current president installed by force by the Tutsi Rwandan
Patriotic Front; normally the president is elected by popular vote for
a five-year term; elections last held NA (next to be held NA); prime
minister appointed by the president
- chief of state:
- President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since 19 July 1994)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since 1 September 1995)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held in December 1988 (next to be held NA);
- prime minister is appointed by the president
- election results:
- Juvenal HABYARIMANA elected president; percent of vote-99.98% (HABYARIMANA was the sole candidate)
note: President HABYARIMANA was assassinated on 6 April 1994 and replaced by President BIZIMUNGU who was installed by the military forces of the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front on 19 July 1994
chief of state: President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); Vice
President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since 19 July 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since 1 September
1995)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections : current president installed by force by the Tutsi Rwandan elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for
Patriotic Front;
five-year term; elections election last held NA in December 1988 (next to be held
NA); prime
election results: Juvenal HABYARIMANA elected president; percent of
vote-99.98% (HABYARIMANA was the sole candidate)
note: President HABYARIMANA was assassinated on 6 April 1994 and
replaced by President BIZIMUNGU who was installed by the military
forces of the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front on 19 July 1994
- chief of state:
- President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since 19 July 1994)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since 1 September 1995)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held in December 1988 (next to be held NA);
- prime minister is appointed by the president
- election results:
- Juvenal HABYARIMANA elected president; percent of vote--99.98% (HABYARIMANA was the sole candidate)
note: President HABYARIMANA was killed in a plane crash on 6 April 1994 which ignited the genocide and was replaced by President BIZIMUNGU who was installed by the military forces of the ruling Rwandan Patriotic Front on 19 July 1994
chief of state: President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); Vice
Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (since 19 July 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA (since 1 September
September 1995)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for a
five-year term; election last held in December 1988 (next to be held
NA); prime minister is appointed by the president
election results: Juvenal HABYARIMANA elected president; percent ofvote-99.98% vote--99.98% (HABYARIMANA was the sole candidate)
note: President HABYARIMANA was assassinated killed in a plane crash on 6 April
1994 which ignited the genocide and
BIZIMUNGU who was installed by the military
Rwandan Patriotic Front on 19 July 1994
- chief of state:
- President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000 (next regular election to be held NA 2002);
- prime minister is appointed by the president
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected president in a special parliamentary vote receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
chief of state: President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since
Vice President19 July 1994) 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA Bernard MAKUZA (since 1 8 March 2000)
September 1995)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for alast for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held in December 1988 17 April 2000 (next regular election to be held
NA);
election results: Juvenal HABYARIMANA Paul KAGAME elected president; percent of president in a
vote--99.98% (HABYARIMANA was the sole candidate)
note: President HABYARIMANA was killedplane crash on 6 April special parliamentary vote receiving 81 of
1994 which ignited the genocide and was replaced by President
BIZIMUNGU who was installed by the military forcesthe ruling a possible 86 votes
Rwandan Patriotic Front on 19 July 1994
- chief of state:
- President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000 (next national election to be held NA 2003); prime minister is appointed by the president election results: Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)regular national election to be held NA 2002); 2003); prime minister is appointed by the presidentparliamentary vote parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
- chief of state:
- President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
- special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000 (next national election to be held NA June 2003);
- prime minister is appointed by the president
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers held 17 April 2000 (next national election to be held NA June 2003); prime minister is appointed by the president
election results: Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes
- chief of state:
- President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 95.05%,
- Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%,
- Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: normally the president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special election for new president by deputies of the National Assembly and governmental ministers last held 17 April 2000 25 August 2003 (next national election to be held NA June 2003); prime minister is appointed by the president 2008)
election results: Paul KAGAME (FPR) elected president in a special parliamentary/ministerial ballot receiving 81 of a possible 86 votes first direct popular vote; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote;
- Paul KAGAME 95.05%,
- Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%,
- Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME (FPR) (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)
election results: Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote;
- Paul KAGAME 95.05%,
- Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%,
- Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)
election results: Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote; Paul KAGAME 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
The same text in 2007 and 2008.
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held in 2010)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote;
- Paul KAGAME 95.05%,
- Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%,
- Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held NA 2008) in 2010)
election results: Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote; Paul KAGAME 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections:
- President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held in September 2010)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote;
- Paul KAGAME 95.05%,
- Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%,
- Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
chief of state:
President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government:
Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections:
President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 August 2003 (next to be held in September 2010)
election results:
Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote; Paul KAGAME 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as president;
- Paul KAGAME 93.1%,
- Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%,
- Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%,
- Alvera MUKABAR 0.4%
chief of state:
President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government:
Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA (since 8 March 2000)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held 25 on 9 August 2003 2010 (next to be held in September 2010) 2017)
election results:
Paul KAGAME elected president in first direct popular vote; to a second term as president; Paul KAGAME 95.05%, Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU 3.62%, Jean-Nepomuscene NAYINZIRA 1.33% 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%, Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%, Alvera MUKABAR 0.4%
The same text in 2011 and 2012.
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 7 October 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as president;
- Paul KAGAME 93.1%,
- Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%,
- Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%,
- Alvera MUKABAR 0.4%
chief of state:
President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government:
Prime Minister Bernard MAKUZA Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 8 March 2000) 7 October 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)
election results:
Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as president; Paul KAGAME 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%, Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%, Alvera MUKABAR 0.4%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 7 October 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as president;
- Paul KAGAME 93.1%,
- Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%,
- Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%,
- Alvera MUKABARAMBA 0.4%
chief of state:
President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government:
Prime Minister Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 7 October 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:President president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)
election results:
Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as president; Paul KAGAME 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%, Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%, Alvera MUKABAR MUKABARAMBA 0.4%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 7 October 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME re-elected president;
- Paul KAGAME 93.1%,
- Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%,
- Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%,
- Alvera MUKABARAMBA 0.4%
chief of state:
President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government:
Prime Minister Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 7 October 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections election last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)
election results:
Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as re-elected president; Paul KAGAME 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%, Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%, Alvera MUKABARAMBA 0.4%
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Anastase MUREKEZI (since 24 July 2014)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 93.1%,
- Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO (PSD) 5.1%,
- other 1.8%
chief of state:
head of government:Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI Anastase MUREKEZI (since 7 October 2011) 24 July 2014)
cabinet:(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a
elections:seven-year 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017) 2017); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:re-elected reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO (PSD) 5.1%, Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%, Alvera MUKABARAMBA 0.4% other 1.8%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term);
- note - constitutional amendments approved in December 2016, included one that reduces the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but includes an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms;
- election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held on 4 August 2024);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%,
- Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%,
- Frank HABINEZA (DGP)0.5%
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Anastase MUREKEZI Edouard NGIRENTE (since 24 July 2014) 30 August 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); note - constitutional amendments approved in December 2016, included one that reduces the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but includes an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 9 4 August 2010 2017 (next to be held in 2017); on 4 August 2024); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO (PSD) 5.1%, other 1.8% 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%, Frank HABINEZA (DGP)0.5%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms;
- election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2024);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%,
- Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%,
- Frank HABINEZA (DGPR)0.5%
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 7-year 5-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a constitutional amendments amendment approved in December 2016, included one that reduces 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but includes included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held on 4 in August 2024); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%, Frank HABINEZA (DGP)0.5% (DGPR)0.5%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms;
- election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2024);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%,
- Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%,
- Frank HABINEZA (DGPR)0.5%
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE President Paul KAGAME (since 30 August 2017) 22 April 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2024); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR)0.5%
The same text in 3 editions, 2020 to 2022.
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms;
- election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2024);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
- Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%,
- Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%,
- Frank HABINEZA (DGPR)0.5%
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: President Paul KAGAME Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 22 April 2000) 30 August 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in August 2024); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR)0.5%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular -vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms;
- election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in 15 July 2024);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%,
- Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent),
- other 1.2%
2010: Paul KAGAME reelected president;
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority vote popular -vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in August 15 July 2024); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:
2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.7%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR)0.5% (independent), other 1.2%
2010: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO (PSD) 5.1%, other 1.8%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms;
- election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held on 15 July 2029);
- prime minister appointed by the president
- election results:
2024: Paul KAGAME reelected president;
2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%,
- Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent),
- other 1.2%
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE (since 30 August 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular -vote vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held in on 15 July 2024); 2029); prime minister appointed by the president
election results:2017: 2024: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, 99.2%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR) 0.5%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent), other 1.2% (independent) 0.3%2010: 2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO (PSD) 5.1%, 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent), other 1.8% 1.2%
- chief of state:
- President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Justin NSENGIYUMVA (since 23 July 2025)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- election/appointment process:
- president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president
- most recent election date:
- 4 August 2017
- election results:
2024: Paul KAGAME reelected president;
2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president;
- Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%,
- Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent),
- other 1.2%
- expected date of next election:
- 15 July 2029
note: a constitutional amendment in 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms
chief of state: President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)
head of government: Prime Minister Edouard NGIRENTE Justin NSENGIYUMVA (since 30 August 2017) 23 July 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple majority simple-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held on 15 July 2029); prime minister appointed by the president
most recent election date: 4 August 2017
election results:
2024: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 99.2%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR) 0.5%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.3%
2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent), other 1.2%
expected date of next election: 15 July 2029
note: a constitutional amendment in 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Rwanda: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/rwanda/executive-branch.