The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 2013 to 2025 Africa
Trafficking in persons Rwanda, in 5 editions.
The entry for Rwanda published Trafficking in persons in 5 editions of 36, from 2013 to 2025. The text changed in 3 editions. Each is shown as published. Trafficking in persons in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 3
- the first edition with it
- 2013
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Trafficking in persons” (2013 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- current situation:
- Rwanda is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking;
- Rwandan girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited in domestic servitude within the country;
- Rwandan girls are also forced into prostitution by older girls, women, and loosely organized prostitution networks;
- Rwandan women and children are subjected to forced agricultural and industrial labor, domestic servitude, and prostitution in Kenya, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, South Africa, France, the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and the US;
- children in Rwanda-based refugee camps are brought to Kigali, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, and South Sudan for use in the sex trade;
- a limited number of foreign nationals are moved through Rwanda to be exploited in third countries
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List - Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
- however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
- the government maintains strong efforts to investigate and prosecute some trafficking crimes but fails to stop M23 (an armed group in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from recruiting within Rwanda, which is at times reportedly supported by government officials, amounting to complicity in human trafficking;
- although the revised penal code covers almost all forms of human trafficking, its narrow definition may result in the confusion of trafficking with other crimes;
- other obstacles include a lack of awareness of human trafficking among officials and an inadequate number of investigators (2013)
current situation:
Rwanda is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Rwandan girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited in domestic servitude within the country; Rwandan girls are also forced into prostitution by older girls, women, and loosely organized prostitution networks; Rwandan women and children are subjected to forced agricultural and industrial labor, domestic servitude, and prostitution in Kenya, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, South Africa, France, the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and the US; children in Rwanda-based refugee camps are brought to Kigali, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, and South Sudan for use in the sex trade; a limited number of foreign nationals are moved through Rwanda to be exploited in third countries
tier rating:
Tier 2 Watch List - Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government maintains strong efforts to investigate and prosecute some trafficking crimes but fails to stop M23 (an armed group in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from recruiting within Rwanda, which is at times reportedly supported by government officials, amounting to complicity in human trafficking; although the revised penal code covers almost all forms of human trafficking, its narrow definition may result in the confusion of trafficking with other crimes; other obstacles include a lack of awareness of human trafficking among officials and an inadequate number of investigators (2013)
- current situation:
- Rwanda is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking;
- Rwandan girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited in domestic servitude within the country;
- Rwandan adults and children are forced to work in agriculture, industry, domestic servitude, and prostitution in Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, South Africa, UAE, Malaysia, China, the US, and Europe;
- women and children from neighboring countries and Somalia are subjected to prostitution and forced labor in Rwanda;
- until its defeat in late 2013, M23, an armed group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, recruited men and children with the support of some Rwandan officials
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List – Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
- however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
- in 2013, the government maintained strong efforts to investigate and prosecute some trafficking crimes but convicted no offenders and remained complicit in human trafficking crimes through its support of M23;
- the government opened five additional centers for assisting victims of gender-based violence and provided financial support to private and NGO-run child rehabilitation centers (2014)
current situation:girls are also forced into prostitution by older girls, women, and loosely organized prostitution networks; Rwandan women adults and children are subjected to forced agricultural and industrial labor, to work in agriculture, industry, domestic servitude, and prostitution in Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, South Africa, France, the Netherlands, UAE, Malaysia, China, and the US; US, and Europe; women and children in Rwanda-based refugee camps from neighboring countries and Somalia are brought subjected to Kigali, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, prostitution and South Sudan for use forced labor in Rwanda; until its defeat in late 2013, M23, an armed group operating in the sex trade; a limited number Democratic Republic of foreign nationals are moved through Rwanda to be exploited in third countries the Congo, recruited men and children with the support of some Rwandan officials
tier rating:- – Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2013, the government maintains maintained strong efforts to investigate and prosecute some trafficking crimes but fails to stop M23 (an armed group in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from recruiting within Rwanda, which is at times reportedly supported by government officials, amounting to complicity convicted no offenders and remained complicit in human trafficking; although the revised penal code covers almost all forms of human trafficking, its narrow definition may result in the confusion of trafficking with other crimes; other obstacles include a lack crimes through its support of awareness M23; the government opened five additional centers for assisting victims of human trafficking among officials gender-based violence and an inadequate number of investigators (2013) provided financial support to private and NGO-run child rehabilitation centers (2014)
The entry for Rwanda did not include Trafficking in persons.
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Rwanda was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List;
- for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/rwanda/
Rewritten: too little of the 2015 text remains to mark the changes.
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Rwanda was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/rwanda/
- tier rating:
- Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Rwanda remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year;
- for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/rwanda
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Rwanda was downgraded to remained on Tier 2 Watch List; List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/rwanda/ https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/rwanda
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Rwanda: Trafficking in persons.” The World Factbook, 2013–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/rwanda/trafficking-in-persons.