The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1993 to 2025 Europe
Executive branch Slovakia, in 32 editions.
The entry for Slovakia published Executive branch in 32 editions of 33, from 1993 to 2025. The text changed in 24 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 24
- the first edition with it
- 1993
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Elections” (1993), “Executive branch” (1993 to 2025) and “Leaders” (1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024Published as “Elections”
- President:
- last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Michal KOVAC elected by the National Council
- National Council:
- last held 5-6 June 1992 (next to be held NA June 1996);
- results - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia 37%, Party of the Democratic Left 15%, Christian Democratic Movement 9%, Slovak National Party 8%, Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement/Coexistence 7%;
- seats - (150 total) Movement for a Democratic Slovakia, 74, Party of the Democratic Left 29, Christian Democratic Movement 18, Slovak National Party 15, Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement/Coexistence 14
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- Cabinet
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since NA), Deputy Prime Minister Roman KOVAC (since NA)
President:
last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Michal KOVAC
elected by the National Council
National Council:
last held 5-6 June 1992 (next to be held NA June 1996); results - Movement
for a Democratic Slovakia 37%, Party of the Democratic Left 15%, Christian
Democratic Movement 9%, Slovak National Party 8%, Hungarian Christian
Democratic Movement/Coexistence 7%; seats - (150 total) Movement for a
Democratic Slovakia, 74, Party of the Democratic Left 29, Christian
Democratic Movement 18, Slovak National Party 15, Hungarian Christian
Democratic Movement/Coexistence 14
president, prime minister, Cabinet
Chief of State:
President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since NA), Deputy Prime Minister Roman KOVAC
(since NA)
The entry for Slovakia did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993);
- election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998);
- results - Michal KOVAC elected by the National Council
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December 1994)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993);
election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results
- Michal KOVAC elected by the National Council
head of government: Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December
1994)
cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the
prime minister
- chief of state:
- President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993) was elected for a five-year term by the National Parliament;
- election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December 1994) was appointed by the president
- cabinet:
- Cabinet was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister
chief of state: President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993); 1993) was
elected for a five-year term by the National Parliament; election
last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results 1998)
- Michal KOVAC elected by the National Council
head of government: Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December
December 1994) was appointed by the president
cabinet: Cabinet; Cabinet was appointed by the president on recommendation of the
the prime minister
- chief of state:
- President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993)
- head of government :
- Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December 1994)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by National Council for a five-year term;
- election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held March 1998);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Michal KOVAC elected president; percent of parliamentary vote - NA
Rewritten: too little of the 1996 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993)
head of government : Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December
1994)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of
the prime minister
elections: president elected by National Council for a five-year term;
election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held March 1998);
following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party
or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime
minister by the president
election results: Michal KOVAC elected president; percent of
parliamentary vote - NA
- chief of state:
- President Michal KOVAC (since 2 March 1993);
- note-leaves office 2 March 1998;
- first round of voting for his replacement occurred 29 January 1998
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December 1994)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by National Council for a five-year term;
- election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held March 1998);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Michal KOVAC elected president; percent of parliamentary vote-NA
chief of state: President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993) 2 March 1993);
note-leaves office 2 March 1998; first round of voting for his
replacement occurred 29 January 1998
head of government : government: Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December
1994)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of
the prime minister
elections: president elected by National Council for a five-year term;
election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held March 1998);
following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party
or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime
minister by the president
election results: Michal KOVAC elected president; percent of
parliamentary vote - NA vote-NA
- chief of state:
- President (vacant);
- note--President NOVAC retired at the end of his term;
- the government has announced its intention to hold direct presidential election in early 1999;
- in the meantime the prime minister takes over the president's duties
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by National Council secret ballot that must yield a three-fifths majority for a five-year term;
- election last held NA March 1998 but no candidate was able to win a three-fifths majority required by law (next to be held NA 1999);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- presidency vacant
chief of state: President Michal KOVAC (since 2 March 1993); (vacant); note--President NOVAC retired atnote-leaves office 2 March 1998; first round the end of voting for his term; the government has announced its intention toreplacement occurred 29 January 1998 hold direct presidential election in early 1999; in the meantime the
prime minister takes over the president's duties
head of government: Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR Mikulas DZURINDA (since 12 December 301994) October 1998)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of
the prime minister
elections: president elected by National Council secret ballot that
must yield a three-fifths majority for a five-year term;
last held 8 February 1993 NA March 1998 but no candidate was able to win a
three-fifths majority required by law (next to be held March 1998); NA 1999);
following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party
party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime
prime minister by the president
election results: Michal KOVAC elected president; percent of presidency vacant
parliamentary vote-NA
- chief of state:
- President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by direct popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 30 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004);
- note - following the National Council elections in September 1998, the Constitution was changed to allow direct election of the president;
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Rudolf SCHUSTER won the first direct popular election with 57% of the vote
note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SMK, SOP
chief of state: President (vacant); note--President NOVAC retired at Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)
the end of his term; the government has announced its intention to
hold direct presidential election in early 1999; in the meantime the
prime minister takes over the president's duties
head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of
elections: president elected by National Council secret ballot that direct popular vote for a five-year term; election
must yield a three-fifths majorityNA March 1998 but no candidate was able to win a 30 May 1999 (next to be held NA
three-fifths majority required by law1999);2004); note - following the National Council elections in September 1998, the Constitution was changed to allow direct election of the president; following National Council elections, the leader of the majority
election results: presidency vacant Rudolf SCHUSTER won the first direct popular election with 57% of the vote
note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SMK, SOP
- chief of state:
- President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by direct popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 May 1999 (next to be held NA May/June 2004);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Rudolf SCHUSTER elected president in the first direct, popular election;
- percent of vote - Rudolf SCHUSTER 57% note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SMK, SOP, KDH
chief of state: President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)30 29 May 1999 (next to be held NA May/June 2004); note - following the National Council elections in September 1998, the Constitution was changed to allow direct election of the president; following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the presidentwon elected president in the first direct direct, popular election with 57% election; percent of the voteSOP SOP, KDH
- chief of state:
- President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 May 1999 (next to be held NA May/June 2004);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SMK, SOP, KDH
- election results:
- Rudolf SCHUSTER elected president in the first direct, popular election; percent of vote - Rudolf SCHUSTER 57%
chief of state: President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by direct direct, popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 May 1999 (next to be held NA May/June 2004); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SMK, SOP, KDH
election results: Rudolf SCHUSTER elected president in the first direct, popular election; percent of vote - Rudolf SCHUSTER 57% note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SMK, SOP, KDH
- chief of state:
- President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Pavol RUSKO (since 24 September 2003)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 29 May 1999 (next to be held NA May/June 2004);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
note: government coalition - SDKU, SMK, KDH, ANO
- election results:
- Rudolf SCHUSTER elected president in the first direct, popular election;
- percent of vote - Rudolf SCHUSTER 57%;
- Mikulas DZURINDA reelected prime minister October 2002
chief of state: President Rudolf SCHUSTER (since 15 June 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998) 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Pavol RUSKO (since 24 September 2003)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 May 1999 (next to be held NA May/June 2004); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
note: government coalition - SDK, SDL, SDKU, SMK, SOP, KDH KDH, ANO
election results: Rudolf SCHUSTER elected president in the first direct, popular election; percent of vote - Rudolf SCHUSTER 57% 57%; Mikulas DZURINDA reelected prime minister October 2002
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
- chief of state:
- President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998);
- Deputy Prime Minister Ivan MIKLOS (since 30 October 1998);
- Deputy Prime Minister Pal CSAKY (since 30 October 1998);
- Deputy Prime Minister Pavol RUSKO (since May 2004)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term;
- election last held 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in runoff;
- percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%;
- Mikulas DZURINDA reelected prime minister October 2002
note: government coalition - SDKU, SMK, KDH, ANO
chief of state: President Rudolf SCHUSTER Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 1999) 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Ivan MIKLOS (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Pal CSAKY (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Pavol RUSKO (since 24 September 2003) May 2004)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 May 1999 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held NA May/June 2004); April 2009); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the presidentnote: government coalition - SDKU, SMK, KDH, ANOelection results: Rudolf SCHUSTER Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in the first direct, popular election; runoff; percent of vote - Rudolf SCHUSTER 57%; Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%; Mikulas DZURINDA reelected prime minister October 2002
note: government coalition - SDKU, SMK, KDH, ANO
- chief of state:
- President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 July 2006);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Dusan CAPLOVIC,
- Robert KALINAK,
- Stefan HARABIN,
- Jan MIKOLAJ (since 4 July 2006)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%
chief of state: President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Mikulas DZURINDA (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Ivan MIKLOS (since 30 October 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Pal CSAKY Robert FICO (since 30 October 1998); 4 July 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Pavol RUSKO Ministers Dusan CAPLOVIC, Robert KALINAK, Stefan HARABIN, Jan MIKOLAJ (since May 2004) 4 July 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term; term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%; Mikulas DZURINDA reelected prime minister October 2002 40.1%
note: government coalition - SDKU, SMK, KDH, ANO
The same text in 2007 and 2008.
- chief of state:
- President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 July 2006);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Dusan CAPLOVIC,
- Robert KALINAK,
- Stefan HARABIN,
- Jan MIKOLAJ (since 4 July 2006)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held in April 2009);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%
chief of state: President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 July 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers Dusan CAPLOVIC, Robert KALINAK, Stefan HARABIN, Jan MIKOLAJ (since 4 July 2006)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 April and 17 April 2004 (next to be held in April 2009); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Ivan GASPAROVIC elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1%
- chief of state:
- President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 July 2006);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Dusan CAPLOVIC,
- Robert KALINAK,
- Stefan HARABIN,
- Jan MIKOLAJ (since 4 July 2006)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%
chief of state:
President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
head of government:
Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 July 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers Dusan CAPLOVIC, Robert KALINAK, Stefan HARABIN, Jan MIKOLAJ (since 4 July 2006)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 3 April 21 March and 17 4 April 2004 2009 (next to be held in no later than April 2009); 2014); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results:
Ivan GASPAROVIC elected reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 59.9%, Vladimir MECIAR 40.1% 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
- chief of state:
- President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Iveta RADICOVA (since 8 July 2010);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Jan FIGEL,
- Ivan MIKLOS,
- Jozef MIHAL,
- Rudolf CHMEL (since 9 July 2010)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%
chief of state:
President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
head of government:
Prime Minister Robert FICO Iveta RADICOVA (since 4 8 July 2006); 2010); Deputy Prime Ministers Dusan CAPLOVIC, Robert KALINAK, Stefan HARABIN, Jan MIKOLAJ FIGEL, Ivan MIKLOS, Jozef MIHAL, Rudolf CHMEL (since 4 9 July 2006) 2010)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results:
Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%
The same text in 2012 and 2013.
- chief of state:
- President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK (since 4 April 2012), Lubomir VAZNY (since 26 November 2012)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%
chief of state:
President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
head of government:
Prime Minister Iveta RADICOVA Robert FICO (since 8 July 2010); 4 April 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Jan FIGEL, Ivan MIKLOS, Jozef MIHAL, Rudolf CHMEL Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK (since 9 July 2010) 4 April 2012), Lubomir VAZNY (since 26 November 2012)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results:
Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%
- chief of state:
- President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK (since 4 April 2012), Lubomir VAZNY (since 26 November 2012)
- cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in March 2019);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Andrej KISKA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA 59.4%, Robert FICO 40.6%
chief of state:
President Ivan GASPAROVIC Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2004) 2014)
head of government:
Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK (since 4 April 2012), Lubomir VAZNY (since 26 November 2012)
cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 March 15 and 4 April 2009 29 March 2014 (next to be held no later than April 2014); in March 2019); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results:Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected Andrej KISKA elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5% Andrej KISKA 59.4%, Robert FICO 40.6%
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
- chief of state:
- President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK (since 4 April 2012), Lubomir VAZNY (since 26 November 2012)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held in 2 rounds on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in March 2019);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Andrej KISKA elected president; percent of vote in second round - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
chief of state:
head of government:
cabinet:(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a
elections:five-year 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held in 2 rounds on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in March 2019); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results:president in runoff; president; percent of vote in second round - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
- chief of state:
- President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK (since 4 April 2012), Lucia ZITNANSKA and Peter PELLEGRINI (since 23 March 2016)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in March 2019);
- following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Andrej KISKA elected president; percent of vote in second round - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
chief of state: President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK KALINAK (since 4 April 2012), Lubomir VAZNY Lucia ZITNANSKA and Peter PELLEGRINI (since 26 November 2012) 23 March 2016)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held in 2 rounds on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in March 2019); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Andrej KISKA elected president; percent of vote in second round - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
- chief of state:
- President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Peter PELLIGRINI (since 22 March 2018);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Peter KAZIMIR (since 22 March 2018), Richard RASI (since 22 March 2018), Laszlo SOLYMOS (since 22 March 2018), Gabriela MATECNA (since 29 November 2017)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held on 9 March 2019);
- following National Council elections (every 4 years), the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
- election results:
- Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
chief of state: President Andrej KISKA (since 15 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Robert FICO Peter PELLIGRINI (since 4 April 2012); 22 March 2018); Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK (since 4 April 2012), Lucia ZITNANSKA and Peter PELLEGRINI KAZIMIR (since 23 22 March 2016) 2018), Richard RASI (since 22 March 2018), Laszlo SOLYMOS (since 22 March 2018), Gabriela MATECNA (since 29 November 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 and 29 March 2014 (next to be held in on 9 March 2019); following National Council elections, elections (every 4 years), the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
election results: Andrej KISKA elected president; president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
The same text in 2019 and 2020.
- chief of state:
- President Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Peter PELLIGRINI (since 22 March 2018);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Richard RASI (since 22 March 2018), Laszlo SOLYMOS (since 22 March 2018), Gabriela MATECNA (since 29 November 2017)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 16 March and 30 March 2019 (next to be held March 2024);
- following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
- election results:
- Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
chief of state: President Andrej KISKA Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Peter PELLIGRINI (since 22 March 2018); Deputy Prime Ministers Peter KAZIMIR (since 22 March 2018), Richard RASI (since 22 March 2018), Laszlo SOLYMOS (since 22 March 2018), Gabriela MATECNA (since 29 November 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 16 March and 29 30 March 2014 2019 (next to be held on 9 March 2019); 2024); following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by that wins the president most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
election results: Andrej KISKA Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6% 41.6%
The same text in 2021 and 2022.
- chief of state:
- President Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2019)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Eduard HEGER (since 1 April 2021);
- Deputy Prime Ministers Stefan HOLY,
- Veronika REMISOVA,
- Richard SULIK (all since 21 March 2020)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 16 March and 30 March 2019 (next to be held March 2024);
- following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
- election results:
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
2014: Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
chief of state: President Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2014) 2019)
head of government: Prime Minister Peter PELLIGRINI Eduard HEGER (since 22 March 2018); 1 April 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Stefan HOLY, Veronika REMISOVA, Richard RASI (since 22 March 2018), Laszlo SOLYMOS (since 22 SULIK (all since 21 March 2018), Gabriela MATECNA (since 29 November 2017) 2020)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 March and 30 March 2019 (next to be held March 2024); following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
election results:
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
2014: Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
- chief of state:
- President Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2019)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 May 2023); Deputy Prime Minister Lívia VASAKOVA (since 23 May 2023)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 16 March and 30 March 2019 (next to be held March 2024);
- following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
- election results:
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
2014: Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
chief of state: President Zuzana CAPUTOVA (since 15 June 2019)
head of government: Prime Minister Eduard HEGER Robert FICO (since 1 April 2021); 25 May 2023); Deputy Prime Ministers Stefan HOLY, Veronika REMISOVA, Richard SULIK (all since 21 March 2020) Minister Lívia VASAKOVA (since 23 May 2023)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 March and 30 March 2019 (next to be held March 2024); following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
election results:
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA reelected elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
2014: Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%
- chief of state:
- President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 October 2023)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election first round held on 23 March 2024 with a runoff on 6 April 2024 (next to be held in 2029);
- following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
- election results:
- 2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round;
- percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%;
- Ivan KORCOK 46.9%;
- percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%;
- Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%;
- Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%;
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
chief of state: President Zuzana CAPUTOVA Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2019) 2024)
head of government: Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 May 2023); Deputy Prime Minister Lívia VASAKOVA (since 23 May October 2023)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last first round held on 16 March and 30 23 March 2019 2024 with a runoff on 6 April 2024 (next to be held March 2024); in 2029); following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
election results:2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA 2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK 46.9%; percent of vote in first round - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC Ivan KORCOK (independent) 41.6% 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%;2014: Andrej KISKA 2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6% 41.6%
- chief of state:
- President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 October 2023)
- cabinet:
- Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
- election/appointment process:
- president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term);
- following National Council elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
- most recent election date:
- 23 March 2024, with a runoff on 6 April 2024
- election results:
- 2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round;
- percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%;
- Ivan KORCOK 46.9%;
- percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%;
- Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%;
- Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%;
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
- expected date of next election:
- 2029
chief of state: President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024)
head of government: Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 October 2023)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime ministerelections/appointments: election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds rounds, if needed needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election first round held on 23 March 2024 with a runoff on 6 April 2024 (next to be held in 2029); following National Council elections (every 4 years), elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council
most recent election date: 23 March 2024, with a runoff on 6 April 2024
election results:
2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK 46.9%; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%;
2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%
expected date of next election: 2029
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Slovakia: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1993–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/slovakia/executive-branch.