The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 2011 to 2025 Africa
Executive branch South Sudan, in 15 editions.
The entry for South Sudan published Executive branch in 15 editions of 15, from 2011 to 2025. The text changed in 11 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 11
- the first edition with it
- 2011
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (2011 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 2011 and 2012.
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- Vice President Riek MACHAR (since 10 July 2011);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President Riek MACHAR (since 10 July 2011)
- cabinet:
National Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by a resolution from the Legislative Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a four year term; election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit 93%, Lam AKOL 7%
chief of state:
President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President Riek MACHAR (since 10 July 2011); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government:
President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President Riek MACHAR (since 10 July 2011)
cabinet:
National Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by a resolution from the Legislative Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four year term; election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results:
Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit 93%, Lam AKOL 7%
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013)
- cabinet:
National Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by a resolution from the Legislative Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit 93%, Lam AKOL 7%
chief of state:
President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President Riek MACHAR James Wani IGGA (since 10 July 2011); 23 August 2013); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government:
President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President Riek MACHAR James Wani IGGA (since 10 July 2011) 23 August 2013)
cabinet:
National Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by a resolution from the Legislative Assembly
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four year four-year term; election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results:
Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit 93%, Lam AKOL 7%
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013)
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (the next election has been postponed from 2015 to 2018 due to instability and violence)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state:
head of government:
cabinet:Ministers; Ministers appointed by the president and president, approved by a resolution from the National Legislative Assembly(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a
elections:four-year term; 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next (the next election has been postponed from 2015 to be held in 2015) 2018 due to instability and violence)
election results:
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016)
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (the next election has been postponed from 2015 to 2018 due to instability and violence)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013); 26 April 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 23 August 2013) 26 April 2016)
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (the next election has been postponed from 2015 to 2018 due to instability and violence)
election results: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016)
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (the next election has been postponed from 2015 to 2018 due to instability and violence)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016)
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (the next election has been postponed from 2015 to 2018 due to instability and violence)
election results: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
The same text in 2018 and 2019.
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016)
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election scheduled for 2015 postponed to 2018 and again to 2021)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016)
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (the next (next election has been postponed from scheduled for 2015 postponed to 2018 due to instability and violence) again to 2021)
election results: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016);
- Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016);
- Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election scheduled for 2015 postponed to 2018 and again to 2021)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon (since 26 July 2016); Second 22 February 2020); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016); Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Second Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016) 2016); Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election scheduled for 2015 postponed to 2018 and again to 2021)
election results: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016);
- Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020);
- Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election scheduled for 2015 but postponed to 2018, then 2021, and again to 2023)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon (since 22 February 2020); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016); 22 February 2020); Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Vice President James Wani IGGA (since 26 April 2016); 22 February 2020); Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election scheduled for 2015 but postponed to 2018 2018, then 2021, and again to 2021) 2023)
election results: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- Vice Presidents TABAN Deng Gai, Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government;
- TABAN served as First Vice President from 23 July 2016 to February 2020
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- Vice Presidents TABAN Deng Gai, Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020);
- note - TABAN served as First Vice President from 23 July 2016 to February 2020
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election scheduled for 2015 but postponed to 2018, then 2021, and again to 2023)
- election results:
- 2010 : Salva KIIR Mayardit elected leader of then-Southern Sudan in 2010; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Presidents TABAN Deng Gai, Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Dhurgon, James Wani IGGA (since 22 February 2020); Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020); Vice President IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government government; TABAN served as First Vice President from 23 July 2016 to February 2020
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); First Vice President Taban Presidents TABAN Deng GAI (since 26 July 2016); Vice President Gai, Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, James Wani IGGA (since 22 February 2020); Vice President TABAN Deng Gai (since 22 February 2020); Vice President IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior (since 22 February 2020); Vice President Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government TABAN served as First Vice President from 23 July 2016 to February 2020
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election scheduled for 2015 but postponed to 2018, then 2021, and again to 2023)
election results: 2010 : Salva KIIR Mayardit elected president; leader of then-Southern Sudan in 2010; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- Vice Presidents Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, TABAN Deng Gai, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011);
- Vice Presidents Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, TABAN Deng Gai, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020)
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (originally scheduled for 2015 but postponed several times, currently to 2024)
- election results:
- Salva KIIR Mayardit elected leader of then-Southern Sudan in 2010; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice Presidents TABAN Deng Gai, Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, TABAN Deng Gai, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; TABAN served as First Vice President from 23 July 2016 to February 2020 government
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice Presidents TABAN Deng Gai, Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, TABAN Deng Gai, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - TABAN served as First Vice President from 23 July 2016 to February 2020 2020)
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next election (originally scheduled for 2015 but postponed to 2018, then 2021, and again several times, currently to 2023) 2024)
election results: 2010 : Salva KIIR Mayardit elected leader of then-Southern Sudan in 2010; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011)
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011)
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- elections/appointments:
- president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term);
- election last held on 11 to 15 April 2010 (originally scheduled for 2015 but postponed several times, currently to be held in December 2024)
- election results:
- 2010: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected leader of then-Southern Sudan; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice Presidents Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, TABAN Deng Gai, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government 2011)
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011); Vice Presidents Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon, TABAN Deng Gai, James Wani IGGA, Rebecca Nyandeng Chol GARANG de Mabior, Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii (since 22 February 2020) 2011)
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11-15 11 to 15 April 2010 (originally scheduled for 2015 but postponed several times, currently to be held in December 2024)
election results: 2010: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected leader of then-Southern Sudan in 2010; Sudan; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
- chief of state:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011)
- head of government:
- President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011)
- cabinet:
- National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assembly
- election/appointment process:
- president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term)
- most recent election date:
- 11-15 April 2010
- election results:
- 2010: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected leader of then-Southern Sudan; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
- expected date of next election:
- scheduled for 2015 but has been postponed multiple times, currently to be held in December 2026
note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
chief of state: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011)
head of government: President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011)
cabinet: National Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Transitional National Legislative Assemblyelections/appointments: election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple majority simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); term)
most recent election last held on 11 to 15 date: 11-15 April 2010 (originally scheduled for 2015 but postponed several times, currently to be held in December 2024)
election results:
2010: Salva KIIR Mayardit elected leader of then-Southern Sudan; percent of vote - Salva KIIR Mayardit (SPLM) 93%, Lam AKOL (SPLM-DC) 7%
expected date of next election: scheduled for 2015 but has been postponed multiple times, currently to be held in December 2026
note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “South Sudan: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 2011–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/south-sudan/executive-branch.