Telecommunication systems Sudan, in 35 editions.

large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained; consists of radio relay, cables, radio communications, and troposcatter; domestic satellite system with 14 stations; 73,400 telephones; stations--4 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV; satellite earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 ARABSAT

large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate and
poorly maintained; maintained by modern standards; consists of radio relay, cables, microwave, cable, radio
communications, and troposcatter; domestic satellite system with 14
stations; 73,400 telephones; stations--4 broadcast stations - 11 AM, 1 FM, 2 3 TV; satellite earth stations--1 stations - 1
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 ARABSAT

large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate and
poorly maintained by modern standards; consists of microwave, cable, microwave radio relay,
cable, radio communications, troposcatter, and troposcatter; a domestic satellite system
with 14
stations; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 3 TV; satellite earth stations
for international traffic - 1
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 ARABSAT

large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate and
and poorly maintained by modern standards; consists of microwave radio relay,
relay, cable, radio communications, troposcatter, and a domestic
satellite system
with 14 stations; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 3 TV;
satellite earth stations
for international traffic - 1 Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT and 1 ARABSAT

NA telephones; large, well-equipped system by
African standards, but barely adequate
and poorly maintained by modern standards;
standards
local: NA
intercity: consists of microwave radio
relay, cable, radio
communications, troposcatter, and a domestic
satellite system with 14 stations; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 3 TV;
satellite earth stations for international traffic - 1 Atlantic Ocean
international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station

NA telephones; large, well-equipped system by
African
standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern
standards
local: NA
intercity: domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radio radiotelephone
communications, troposcatter, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite
system with 14
earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT Intelsat (Atlantic
Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station Arabsat

large, well-equipped system by African
standards,
but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern
standards
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone
communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite
system
with 14 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic
Ocean)
and 1 Arabsat

large, well-equipped system by African standards,
but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern standards
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone
communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system
with 14 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 1 stations-1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
and 1 Arabsat

large, well-equipped system by African standards,
standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern
standards
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone
communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system
system with 14 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations-1 stations--1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
and 1 Arabsat

large, well-equipped system by African
regional standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern
standards standards; cellular communications started in 1996
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone
communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite
system with 14 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations--1 stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
and 1 Arabsat

general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards, but barely adequate standards and poorly maintained by modern standards; being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996
and have expanded substantially domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)

general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)

general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: country code - 249; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)

general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: country code - 249; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2000)

general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: country code - 249; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2000)

general assessment:
well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities
domestic:
consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international:
country code - 249; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2000)

general assessment:
well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities
domestic:
consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international:
country code - 249; linked to international the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2000) (2010)

general assessment:
well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities
domestic:
consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international:
country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2010)

general assessment: well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations stations; teledensity exceeeds 75 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2010) (2016)

general assessment: well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities (2016)
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations; teledensity exceeeds 75 telephones per 100 persons (2016)
international: country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2016)

general assessment: well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities (2016) cities; economic climate has not encouraged growth in telecoms, but some investment has been made to build mobile towers and expand LTE services (2018)
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations; teledensity exceeeds 75 fixed-line less than 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular 77 telephones per 100 persons (2016) (2018)
international: country code - 249; linked to landing points for the EASSy EASSy, FALCON and FLAG SAS-1,-2, fiber-optic submarine cable systems; systems linking Africa, the Middle East, Indian Ocean Islands and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2016) Ocean) (2019)

general assessment: well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 despite economic hardships govt. boosts mobile infrastructure and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities; builds fiber broadband network across country; economic climate has not encouraged growth in telecoms, but some investment has been made to build mobile towers and expand LTE services (2018) services; launches its own Chinese built satellite in 2019 to develop space technology sector (2020)
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations; teledensity fixed-line less than 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular 77 telephones per 100 persons (2018) (2019)
international: country code - 249; landing points for the EASSy, FALCON and SAS-1,-2, fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking Africa, the Middle East, Indian Ocean Islands and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated

general assessment: well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; with ongoing upgrades; despite economic hardships govt. boosts challenges, government continues to boost mobile infrastructure and builds fiber broadband through build-out of fiber-broadband network across country; economic climate has not encouraged client growth in telecoms, telecom, but some investment has been made to build mobile towers and expand LTE services; launches its own Chinese built satellite in 2019 growth of e-money services; interim constitution safeguards rights and freedoms, though some Internet users continue to develop space technology sector face harassment for activities; importer of broadcasting equipment from UAE and China (2020)
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations; teledensity fixed-line less than 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular 77 telephones per 100 persons (2019)
international: country code - 249; landing points for the EASSy, FALCON and SAS-1,-2, fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking Africa, the Middle East, Indian Ocean Islands and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn because of supply-chain disruptions related to the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; pandemic, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect consequent restriction on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated disposable incomes

general assessment: Sudan emerged as a poorer country when South Sudan separated from it in 2011; although Sudan has about four times the population of South Sudan, the latter benefits from its control of the majority of known oil reserves; the Sudanese economy has been affected by hyperinflation in recent years, partly the result of the loss of oil revenue but also due to domestic volatility and social unrest; the difficult economic conditions have meant that for several years telcos have reported revenue under hyper inflationary reporting standards; pressure on revenue has made it difficult for operators to invest in infrastructure upgrades, and so provide improved services to customers; despite this, the number of mobile subscribers increased 7.% 7% in 20201, 2021, year-on-year; this level of growth is expected to have been maintained in 2022, though could slow from 2023 as the acute influences resulting the pandemic begin to wane; 2023; the country’s poor fixed-line infrastructure has helped the development of mobile broadband services (2022) (2023)
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations; teledensity fixed-line less than is 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular over 80 is 37 telephones per 100 persons (2020) (2021)
international: country code - 249; landing points for the EASSy, FALCON and SAS-1,-2, fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking Africa, the Middle East, Indian Ocean Islands and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services

general assessment: Sudan emerged as a poorer country when South Sudan separated from it in 2011; although Sudan has about four times the population of South Sudan, the latter benefits from its control of the majority of known oil reserves; the Sudanese economy has been affected by hyperinflation in recent years, partly the result of the loss of oil revenue but also due to domestic volatility and social unrest; the difficult economic conditions have meant that for several years telcos have reported revenue under hyper inflationary reporting standards; pressure on revenue has made it difficult for operators to invest in infrastructure upgrades, and so provide improved services to customers; despite this, the number of mobile subscribers increased 7% in 2021, year-on-year; this level of growth is expected to have been maintained in 2022, though could slow from 2023; the country’s poor fixed-line infrastructure has helped the development of mobile broadband services services; after fighting started in April 2023, much of the telecommunications infrastructure was damaged (2023)
domestic: teledensity fixed-line is 1 per 100 and mobile-cellular is 37 74 telephones per 100 persons (2021) (2022)
international: country code - 249; landing points for the EASSy, FALCON and SAS-1,-2, fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking Africa, the Middle East, Indian Ocean Islands and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)