The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 2018 to 2025 Middle East
Terrorist group(s) Syria, in 8 editions.
The entry for Syria published Terrorist group(s) in 8 editions of 36, from 2018 to 2025. The text changed in 6 editions. Each is shown as published. Terrorist group(s) in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 6
- the first edition with it
- 2018
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Terrorist groups - home based” (2018 to 2019), “Terrorist groups - foreign based” (2018 to 2019) and “Terrorist group(s)” (2020 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024Published as “Terrorist groups - home based”
- al-Nusrah Front:
- aim(s): overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
- area(s) of operation:
- headquartered in the northwestern Idlib Governorate, with a minor presence in Halab Governorate;
- operational primarily in northern, western, and southern Syria;
- installs Sharia in areas under its control;
- targets primarily Syrian regime and pro-regime forces, some minorities, other Syrian insurgent groups, and occasionally Western interests (April 2018)
- Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS):
- aim(s): an alias of the al-Nusrah Front; overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and, ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
- area(s) of operation:
- Northwest Syria (December 2018)
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS):
- aim(s): replace the world order with a global Islamic state based in Iraq and Syria;
- expand its branches and networks in other countries;
- rule according to ISIS's strict interpretation of Islamic law
- area(s) of operation:
- ISIS has lost most of the territory it once controlled and now its overt territorial control is limited to pockets of land along the Syria-Iraq border and in southern Syria (April 2018)
Published as “Terrorist groups - foreign based”
- Abdallah Azzam Brigades (AAB):
- aim(s): disrupt and attack Shia Muslim and Western interests in Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- remains operational; conducts attacks against primarily Shia Muslim organizations and individuals, including Hizballah members, and Westerners and their interests (April 2018)
- al-Qa'ida (AQ):
- aim(s): overthrow President Bashar al-ASAD's regime; establish a regional Islamic caliphate and conduct attacks outside of Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- operational primarily in Idlib Governorate and southern Syria, where it has established networks and operates paramilitary training camps (April 2018)
- Ansar al-Islam (AAI):
- aim(s): remove Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD from power and establish a government operating according to sharia
- area(s) of operation:
- operationally active in Syria since 2011;
- launches attacks on Syrian Government security forces and pro-Syrian Government militias;
- some AAI factions combat ISIS, while others are aligned with ISIS (April 2018)
- Hizballah:
- aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
- area(s) of operation:
- operational activity throughout the country since 2012;
- centered on providing paramilitary support to President Bashar al-ASAD's regime against armed insurgents (April 2018)
- Kata'ib Hizballah (KH):
- aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
- area(s) of operation:
- deploys combatants to Syria to fight alongside Syrian Government and Lebanese Hizballah forces (April 2018)
- Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK):
- aim(s): advance Kurdish autonomy, political, and cultural rights in Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran
- area(s) of operation:
operational in the north and east; majority of members inside Syria are Syrian Kurds, along with Kurds from Iran, Iraq, and Turkey (April 2018)
Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem (MSC): aim(s): destroy the state of Israel; enhance its networks in Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- maintains limited networks for operational planning against Israel (April 2018)
- Palestine Liberation Front (PLF):
- aim(s): enhances its networks and, ultimately, destroy the state of Israel and establish a secular, Marxist Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital
- area(s) of operation:
- maintains a recruitment and training presence in many refugee camps (April 2018)
- PFLP-General Command (PFLP-GC):
- aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
- area(s) of operation:
maintains a political base in Damascus; fights with President al-ASAD's forces and Hizballah in areas where anti-regime paramilitary groups are active (April 2018)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP): aim(s): enhance its recruitment networks in Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- maintains a recruitment and limited training presence in several refugee camps (April 2018)
al-Nusrah Front: aim(s): overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
area(s) of operation: headquartered in the northwestern Idlib Governorate, with a minor presence in Halab Governorate; operational primarily in northern, western, and southern Syria; installs Sharia in areas under its control; targets primarily Syrian regime and pro-regime forces, some minorities, other Syrian insurgent groups, and occasionally Western interests (April 2018)
Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS): aim(s): an alias of the al-Nusrah Front; overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and, ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
area(s) of operation: Northwest Syria (December 2018)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS): aim(s): replace the world order with a global Islamic state based in Iraq and Syria; expand its branches and networks in other countries; rule according to ISIS's strict interpretation of Islamic law
area(s) of operation: ISIS has lost most of the territory it once controlled and now its overt territorial control is limited to pockets of land along the Syria-Iraq border and in southern Syria (April 2018)
Abdallah Azzam Brigades (AAB): aim(s): disrupt and attack Shia Muslim and Western interests in Syria
area(s) of operation: remains operational; conducts attacks against primarily Shia Muslim organizations and individuals, including Hizballah members, and Westerners and their interests (April 2018)
al-Qa'ida (AQ): aim(s): overthrow President Bashar al-ASAD's regime; establish a regional Islamic caliphate and conduct attacks outside of Syria
area(s) of operation: operational primarily in Idlib Governorate and southern Syria, where it has established networks and operates paramilitary training camps (April 2018)
Ansar al-Islam (AAI): aim(s): remove Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD from power and establish a government operating according to sharia
area(s) of operation: operationally active in Syria since 2011; launches attacks on Syrian Government security forces and pro-Syrian Government militias; some AAI factions combat ISIS, while others are aligned with ISIS (April 2018)
Hizballah: aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
area(s) of operation: operational activity throughout the country since 2012; centered on providing paramilitary support to President Bashar al-ASAD's regime against armed insurgents (April 2018)
Kata'ib Hizballah (KH): aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
area(s) of operation: deploys combatants to Syria to fight alongside Syrian Government and Lebanese Hizballah forces (April 2018)
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK): aim(s): advance Kurdish autonomy, political, and cultural rights in Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran
area(s) of operation: operational in the north and east; majority of members inside Syria are Syrian Kurds, along with Kurds from Iran, Iraq, and Turkey (April 2018)
Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem (MSC): aim(s): destroy the state of Israel; enhance its networks in Syria
area(s) of operation: maintains limited networks for operational planning against Israel (April 2018)
Palestine Liberation Front (PLF): aim(s): enhances its networks and, ultimately, destroy the state of Israel and establish a secular, Marxist Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital
area(s) of operation: maintains a recruitment and training presence in many refugee camps (April 2018)
PFLP-General Command (PFLP-GC): aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
area(s) of operation: maintains a political base in Damascus; fights with President al-ASAD's forces and Hizballah in areas where anti-regime paramilitary groups are active (April 2018)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP): aim(s): enhance its recruitment networks in Syria
area(s) of operation: maintains a recruitment and limited training presence in several refugee camps (April 2018)
Published as “Terrorist groups - home based”
- al-Nusrah Front:
- aim(s): overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
- area(s) of operation:
- headquartered in the northwestern Idlib Governorate, with a minor presence in Halab Governorate;
- operational primarily in northern, western, and southern Syria;
- installs Sharia in areas under its control;
- targets primarily Syrian regime and pro-regime forces, some minorities, other Syrian insurgent groups, and occasionally Western interests (2018)
- Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS):
- aim(s): an alias of the al-Nusrah Front; overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and, ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
- area(s) of operation:
- Northwest Syria (2018)
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS):
- aim(s): replace the world order with a global Islamic state based in Iraq and Syria;
- expand its branches and networks in other countries;
- rule according to ISIS's strict interpretation of Islamic law
- area(s) of operation:
- ISIS has lost most of the territory it once controlled and now its overt territorial control is limited to pockets of land along the Syria-Iraq border and in southern Syria (2018)
Published as “Terrorist groups - foreign based”
- Abdallah Azzam Brigades (AAB):
- aim(s): disrupt and attack Shia Muslim and Western interests in Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- remains operational; conducts attacks against primarily Shia Muslim organizations and individuals, including Hizballah members, and Westerners and their interests (2018)
- al-Qa'ida (AQ):
- aim(s): overthrow President Bashar al-ASAD's regime; establish a regional Islamic caliphate and conduct attacks outside of Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- operational primarily in Idlib Governorate and southern Syria, where it has established networks and operates paramilitary training camps (2018)
- Ansar al-Islam (AAI):
- aim(s): remove Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD from power and establish a government operating according to sharia
- area(s) of operation:
- operationally active in Syria since 2011;
- launches attacks on Syrian Government security forces and pro-Syrian Government militias;
- some AAI factions combat ISIS, while others are aligned with ISIS (2018)
- Hizballah:
- aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
- area(s) of operation:
- operational activity throughout the country since 2012;
- centered on providing paramilitary support to President Bashar al-ASAD's regime against armed insurgents (2018)
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps -- Qods Force (IRGC-QF): aim(s): assist government forces in suppressing opposition forces and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) forces;
- train Syrian Government troops;
- conduct strikes against Israel;
- funnel arms and money onward to Lebanese Hizballah
- area(s) of operations:
- throughout Syria (2019)
- Kata'ib Hizballah (KH):
- aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
- area(s) of operation:
- deploys combatants to Syria to fight alongside Syrian Government and Lebanese Hizballah forces (2018)
- Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK):
- aim(s): advance Kurdish autonomy, political, and cultural rights in Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran
- area(s) of operation:
operational in the north and east; majority of members inside Syria are Syrian Kurds, along with Kurds from Iran, Iraq, and Turkey (2018)
Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem (MSC): aim(s): destroy the state of Israel; enhance its networks in Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- maintains limited networks for operational planning against Israel (2018)
- Palestine Liberation Front (PLF):
- aim(s): enhances its networks and, ultimately, destroy the state of Israel and establish a secular, Marxist Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital
- area(s) of operation:
- maintains a recruitment and training presence in many refugee camps (2018)
- PFLP-General Command (PFLP-GC):
- aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
- area(s) of operation:
maintains a political base in Damascus; fights with President al-ASAD's forces and Hizballah in areas where anti-regime paramilitary groups are active (2018)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP): aim(s): enhance its recruitment networks in Syria
- area(s) of operation:
- maintains a recruitment and limited training presence in several refugee camps (2018)
al-Nusrah Front: aim(s): overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
area(s) of operation: headquartered in the northwestern Idlib Governorate, with a minor presence in Halab Governorate; operational primarily in northern, western, and southern Syria; installs Sharia in areas under its control; targets primarily Syrian regime and pro-regime forces, some minorities, other Syrian insurgent groups, and occasionally Western interests (April 2018) (2018)
Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS): aim(s): an alias of the al-Nusrah Front; overthrow Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime, absorb like-minded Syrian rebel groups, and, ultimately, establish a regional Islamic caliphate
area(s) of operation: Northwest Syria (December 2018) (2018)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS): aim(s): replace the world order with a global Islamic state based in Iraq and Syria; expand its branches and networks in other countries; rule according to ISIS's strict interpretation of Islamic law
area(s) of operation: ISIS has lost most of the territory it once controlled and now its overt territorial control is limited to pockets of land along the Syria-Iraq border and in southern Syria (April 2018) (2018)
Abdallah Azzam Brigades (AAB): aim(s): disrupt and attack Shia Muslim and Western interests in Syria
area(s) of operation: remains operational; conducts attacks against primarily Shia Muslim organizations and individuals, including Hizballah members, and Westerners and their interests (April 2018) (2018)
al-Qa'ida (AQ): aim(s): overthrow President Bashar al-ASAD's regime; establish a regional Islamic caliphate and conduct attacks outside of Syria
area(s) of operation: operational primarily in Idlib Governorate and southern Syria, where it has established networks and operates paramilitary training camps (April 2018) (2018)
Ansar al-Islam (AAI): aim(s): remove Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD from power and establish a government operating according to sharia
area(s) of operation: operationally active in Syria since 2011; launches attacks on Syrian Government security forces and pro-Syrian Government militias; some AAI factions combat ISIS, while others are aligned with ISIS (April 2018) (2018)
Hizballah: aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
area(s) of operation: operational activity throughout the country since 2012; centered on providing paramilitary support to President Bashar al-ASAD's regime against armed insurgents (April 2018) (2018)
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps -- Qods Force (IRGC-QF): aim(s): assist government forces in suppressing opposition forces and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) forces; train Syrian Government troops; conduct strikes against Israel; funnel arms and money onward to Lebanese Hizballah
area(s) of operations: throughout Syria (2019)
Kata'ib Hizballah (KH): aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
area(s) of operation: deploys combatants to Syria to fight alongside Syrian Government and Lebanese Hizballah forces (April 2018) (2018)
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK): aim(s): advance Kurdish autonomy, political, and cultural rights in Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran
area(s) of operation: operational in the north and east; majority of members inside Syria are Syrian Kurds, along with Kurds from Iran, Iraq, and Turkey (April 2018) (2018)
Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem (MSC): aim(s): destroy the state of Israel; enhance its networks in Syria
area(s) of operation: maintains limited networks for operational planning against Israel (April 2018) (2018)
Palestine Liberation Front (PLF): aim(s): enhances its networks and, ultimately, destroy the state of Israel and establish a secular, Marxist Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital
area(s) of operation: maintains a recruitment and training presence in many refugee camps (April 2018) (2018)
PFLP-General Command (PFLP-GC): aim(s): preserve Syrian President Bashar al-ASAD's regime
area(s) of operation: maintains a political base in Damascus; fights with President al-ASAD's forces and Hizballah in areas where anti-regime paramilitary groups are active (April 2018) (2018)
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP): aim(s): enhance its recruitment networks in Syria
area(s) of operation: maintains a recruitment and limited training presence in several refugee camps (April 2018) (2018)
- Abdallah Azzam Brigades;
- Ansar al-Islam;
- Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq;
- Hizballah;
- Hurras al-Din;
- Islamic Jihad Union;
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps -- Qods Force;
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham;
- Kata'ib Hizballah;
- Kurdistan Workers' Party;
- Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem;
- al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham);
- al-Qa'ida;
- Palestine Liberation Front;
- PFLP-General Command;
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (2020)
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T
Rewritten: too little of the 2019 text remains to mark the changes.
Abdallah Azzam Brigades; Ansar al-Islam; Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq; Hizballah; Hurras al-Din; Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps -- Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; Kata'ib Hizballah; Kurdistan Workers' Party; Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem; al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham); al-Qa'ida; Palestine Liberation Front; PFLP-General Command; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (2020)
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T
- Abdallah Azzam Brigades;
- Ansar al-Islam;
- Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq;
- Hizballah;
- Hurras al-Din;
- Islamic Jihad Union;
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps -- Qods Force;
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham;
- Kata'ib Hizballah;
- Kurdistan Workers' Party;
- Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem;
- al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham);
- al-Qa'ida;
- Palestine Liberation Front;
- PFLP-General Command;
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T
Abdallah Azzam Brigades; Ansar al-Islam; Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq; Hizballah; Hurras al-Din; Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps -- Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; Kata'ib Hizballah; Kurdistan Workers' Party; Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem; al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham); al-Qa'ida; Palestine Liberation Front; PFLP-General Command; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (2020)
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T
The same text in 2022 and 2023.
- Abdallah Azzam Brigades;
- Ansar al-Islam;
- Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq;
- Hizballah;
- Hurras al-Din;
- Islamic Jihad Union;
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force;
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS);
- Kata'ib Hizballah;
- Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK);
- Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem;
- al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham);
- al-Qa'ida;
- Palestine Liberation Front;
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP);
- PFLP-General Command
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T
Abdallah Azzam Brigades; Ansar al-Islam; Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq; Hizballah; Hurras al-Din; Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps -- Qods (IRGC)/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; ash-Sham (ISIS); Kata'ib Hizballah; Kurdistan Workers' Party; Party (PKK); Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem; al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham); al-Qa'ida; Palestine Liberation Front; PFLP-General Command; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP); PFLP-General Command
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T
- Abdallah Azzam Brigades;
- Ansar al-Islam;
- Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq;
- Hizballah;
- Hurras al-Din;
- Islamic Jihad Union;
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force;
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS);
- Kata'ib Hizballah;
- Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK);
- Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem;
- al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham);
- al-Qa'ida;
- Palestine Liberation Front;
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP);
- PFLP-General Command
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Abdallah Azzam Brigades; Ansar al-Islam; Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq; Hizballah; Hurras al-Din; Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Kata'ib Hizballah; Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK); Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem; al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham); al-Qa'ida; Palestine Liberation Front; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP); PFLP-General Command
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T the Terrorism reference guide
- Abdallah Azzam Brigades;
- Ansar al-Islam;
- Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq;
- Hizballah;
- Hurras al-Din;
- Islamic Jihad Union;
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force;
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS);
- Kata'ib Hizballah;
- Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK);
- al-Qa'ida;
- Palestine Liberation Front (PLF);
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP);
- PFLP-General Command (PLFP-GC)
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Abdallah Azzam Brigades; Ansar al-Islam; Asa’ib Ahl Al-Haq; Hizballah; Hurras al-Din; Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Kata'ib Hizballah; Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK); Mujahidin Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem; al-Nusrah Front (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham); al-Qa'ida; Palestine Liberation Front; Front (PLF); Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP); PFLP-General Command (PLFP-GC)
note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Syria: Terrorist group(s).” The World Factbook, 2018–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/syria/terrorist-group-s.