The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Oceania
Executive branch Vanuatu, in 35 editions.
The entry for Vanuatu published Executive branch in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 29 editions. Each is shown as published. Executive branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 29
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Executive branch” (1990 to 2025), “Leaders” (1992 to 1993) and “Elections” (1992 to 1993).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 1990 and 1991.
- president,
- prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Frederick TIMAKATA (since 30 January 1989)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991)
Published as “Elections”
- Parliament:
- last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held by November 1995);
- note - after election, a coalition was formed by the Union of Moderate Parties and the National United Party to form new government on 16 December 1991;
- seats - (46 total) UMP 19;
- NUP 10;
- VP 10;
- MPP 4;
- TUP 1;
- Nagriamel 1;
- Friend 1
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers
(cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Frederick TIMAKATA (since 30 January 1989)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister
Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991)
Parliament:
last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held by November 1995); note - after
election, a coalition was formed by the Union of Moderate Parties and the
National United Party to form new government on 16 December 1991; seats -
(46 total) UMP 19; NUP 10; VP 10; MPP 4; TUP 1; Nagriamel 1; Friend 1
Published as “Elections”
- Parliament:
- last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held by November 1995);
- note - after election, a coalition was formed by the Union of Moderate Parties and the National United Party to form new government on 16 December 1991;
- seats - (46 total) UMP 19;
- NUP 10;
- VP 10;
- MPP 4;
- TUP 1;
- Nagriamel 1;
- Friend 1
Published as “Executive branch”
- president,
- prime minister,
- deputy prime minister,
- Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Published as “Leaders”
- Chief of State:
- President Frederick TIMAKATA (since 30 January 1989)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT KORMAN (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991)
president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council of MinistersParliament:
(cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Frederick TIMAKATA (since 30 January 1989)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister
Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991)
last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held by November 1995); note - after
election, a coalition was formed by the Union of Moderate Parties and the
National United Party to form new government on 16 December 1991; seats -
(46 total) UMP 19; NUP 10; VP 10; MPP 4; TUP 1; Nagriamel 1; Friend 1
president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers
(cabinet)
Chief of State:
President Frederick TIMAKATA (since 30 January 1989)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT KORMAN (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime
Minister Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991)
The entry for Vanuatu did not include Executive branch.
- chief of state:
- President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT Korman (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
Rewritten: too little of the 1993 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT Korman (since 16
December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Sethy REGENVANU (since 17
December 1991)
cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister,
responsible to parliament
- chief of state:
- President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994) was elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Maxime Carlot KORMAN (since 23 February 1996) was elected by Parliament from among its members;
- Deputy Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS (since 23 February 1996) was appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament;
- note - Prime Minister VOHOR resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with a no-confidence vote in Parliament;
- Parliament then convened an extraordinary session and voted 30 to 20 to elect Maxime Carlot KORMAN as the new prime minister
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
Rewritten: too little of the 1995 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994) was
elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of
Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils
head of government: Prime Minister Maxime Carlot KORMAN (since 23
February 1996) was elected by Parliament from among its members;
Deputy Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS (since 23 February 1996) was
appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament;
note - Prime Minister VOHOR resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with
a no-confidence vote in Parliament; Parliament then convened an
extraordinary session and voted 30 to 20 to elect Maxime Carlot
KORMAN as the new prime minister
cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister,
responsible to Parliament
- chief of state:
- President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Rialuth Serge VOHOR (since 30 September 1996); Deputy Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS (since 25 October 1996)
- cabinet :
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections:
- president elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term;
- election for president last held 2 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 30 September 1996 (next to be held NA November 1999);
- note - the general legislative elections in November 1995 did not give a majority to any of the political parties;
- since the election, there have been three changes of government - all of which have been coalitions formed by Parliamentary vote;
- Rialuth Serge VOHOR was prime minister from November 1995 until he resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with a no-confidence vote in Parliament;
- Maxime Carlot KORMAN was then elected prime minister and served until he was ousted in a no-confidence motion on 30 September 1996;
- VOHOR was then elected prime minister for a second time
- election results:
- Jean Marie LEYE elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - NA;
- Serge VOHOR elected prime minister by a Parliamentary vote of 28 to 22
Rewritten: too little of the 1996 text remains to mark the changes.
chief of state: President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Rialuth Serge VOHOR (since 30
September 1996); Deputy Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS (since 25
October 1996)
cabinet : Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister,
responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of
Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year
term; election for president last held 2 March 1994 (next to be held
NA 1999); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by
Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last
held 30 September 1996 (next to be held NA November 1999); note - the
general legislative elections in November 1995 did not give a majority
to any of the political parties; since the election, there have been
three changes of government - all of which have been coalitions formed
by Parliamentary vote; Rialuth Serge VOHOR was prime minister from
November 1995 until he resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with a
no-confidence vote in Parliament; Maxime Carlot KORMAN was then
elected prime minister and served until he was ousted in a
no-confidence motion on 30 September 1996; VOHOR was then elected
prime minister for a second time
election results: Jean Marie LEYE elected president; percent of
electoral college vote - NA; Serge VOHOR elected prime minister by a
Parliamentary vote of 28 to 22
- chief of state:
- President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS (since 30 March 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Father Walter LINI (since 30 March 1998)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections:
- president elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term;
- election for president last held 2 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
- election results:
- Jean Marie LEYE elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - NA;
- Donald KALPOKAS elected prime minister by Parliament with a total of 35 votes, other candidate, Rialuth Serge VOHOR, received 17 votes
note: the general legislative elections in November 1995 did not give a majority to any of the political parties; since the election, there have been four changes of government-all of which have been coalitions formed by Parliamentary vote; Rialuth Serge VOHOR was prime minister from November 1995 until he resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with a no-confidence vote in Parliament; Maxime Carlot KORMAN was then elected prime minister and served until he was ousted in a no-confidence motion on 30 September 1996; VOHOR was then elected prime minister for a second time; as a result of legislative elections in March 1998, KALPOKAS was elected prime minister and formed a coalition government with Father LINI's National United Party (NUP)
chief of state: President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Rialuth Serge VOHOR Donald KALPOKAS (since 30 MarchSeptember 1996); 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS Father Walter LINI (since 25 30 March 1998)
October 1996)cabinet : cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister,
responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of
Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year
term; election for president last held 2 March 1994 (next to be held
NA 1999); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by
Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last
held 30 September 1996 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA November 1999); note 2002)
election results: Jean Marie LEYE elected president; percent of
electoral college vote - the NA; Donald KALPOKAS elected prime minister by
Parliament with a total of 35 votes, other candidate, Rialuth Serge
VOHOR, received 17 votes
note: the general legislative elections in November 1995 did not give
a majorityto any of the political parties; since the election, there
have been four changes of
threegovernment - all government-all of which have been coalitions formed
formed by Parliamentary vote; Rialuth Serge VOHOR was prime minister from
from November 1995 until he resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with a
no-confidence vote in Parliament; Maxime Carlot KORMAN was then
elected prime minister and served until he was ousted in a
no-confidence motion on 30 September 1996; VOHOR was then elected
prime minister for a second time time; as a result of legislative elections
election results: Jean Marie LEYE elected president; percentelectoral college vote - NA; Serge VOHOR in March 1998, KALPOKAS was elected prime minister by and formed aParliamentary vote of 28 to 22 coalition government with Father LINI's National United Party (NUP)
- chief of state:
- President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS (since 30 March 1998); Deputy Prime Minister Willie JIMMY (since 19 October 1998)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections:
- president elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term;
- election for president last held 2 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
- election results:
- Jean Marie LEYE elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote--NA;
- Donald KALPOKAS elected prime minister by Parliament with a total of 35 votes;
- other candidate, Rialuth Serge VOHOR, received 17 votes
note: the general legislative elections in November 1995 did not give a majority to any of the political parties; since the election, there have been four changes of government--all of which have been coalitions formed by Parliamentary vote; Rialuth Serge VOHOR was prime minister from November 1995 until he resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with a no-confidence vote in Parliament; Maxime Carlot KORMAN was then elected prime minister and served until he was ousted in a no-confidence motion on 30 September 1996; VOHOR was then elected prime minister for a second time; as a result of legislative elections in March 1998, KALPOKAS was elected prime minister and formed a coalition government with Father LINI's National United Party (NUP)
chief of state: President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS (since 30 March
1998); Deputy Prime Minister Father Walter LINI Willie JIMMY (since 30 March 19 October 1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister,
responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting of
Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year
five-year term; election for president last held 2 March 1994 (next
to be heldNA 1999); following legislative elections, the leader of
the majorityparty or majority coalition is usually elected prime
minister byParliament from among its members; election for prime
minister lastheld 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: Jean Marie LEYE elected president; percent of
electoral college vote - NA; vote--NA; Donald KALPOKAS elected prime minister by
Parliament with a total of 35 votes, votes; other candidate, Rialuth Serge
VOHOR, received 17 votes
note: the general legislative elections in November 1995 did not give
give a majority to any of the political parties; since the election, there
there have been four changes of government-all government--all of which have been coalitions
coalitions formed by Parliamentary vote; Rialuth Serge VOHOR was
prime ministerfrom November 1995 until he resigned 7 February 1996
when faced with ano-confidence vote in Parliament; Maxime Carlot
KORMAN was thenelected prime minister and served until he was
ousted in ano-confidence motion on 30 September 1996; VOHOR was
then electedprime minister for a second time; as a result of
legislative electionsin March 1998, KALPOKAS was elected prime
minister and formed acoalition government with Father LINI's
National United Party (NUP)
- chief of state:
- President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Barak SOPE (since 25 November 1999); Deputy Prime Minister Stanley REGINALD (since 25 November 1999)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections:
- president elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term;
- election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
- election results:
- Father John BANI elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - NA;
- Barak SOPE elected prime minister by Parliament with a total of 28 votes;
- other candidate, Edward NATAPEI, received 24 votes
note: as a result of legislative elections in March 1998, Donald KALPOKAS was elected prime minister and the VP formed a coalition government with the NUP; in November 1999, KALPOKAS, facing strong opposition and the threat of a no confidence vote, resigned; Barak SOPE was elected prime minister in his place and a coalition government was formed
chief of state: President Jean Marie LEYE Father John BANI (since 2 25 March 1994) 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS Barak SOPE (since 30 March 25 November 1999); Deputy Prime Minister
1998);Willie JIMMY Stanley REGINALD (since 19 October 1998) 25 November 1999)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister,responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected by an electoral college consisting ofParliament and the presidents of the regional councils for afive-year term; election for president last held 2 25 March 1994 1999 (nextto be held NA 1999); 2004); following legislative elections, the leader ofthe majority party or majority coalition is usually elected primeminister by Parliament from among its members; election for primeminister last held 6 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: Jean Marie LEYE Father John BANI elected president; percent ofelectoral college vote--NA; Donald KALPOKAS vote - NA; Barak SOPE elected prime minister byParliament with a total of 35 28 votes; other candidate, Rialuth Serge Edward NATAPEI, received
VOHOR,17 24 votes
note: the general legislative elections in November 1995 did not as a result of
give a majority to any of the political parties; since the election,
there have been four changes of government--all of which have been
coalitions formed by Parliamentary vote; Rialuth Serge VOHOR was
prime minister from November 1995 until he resigned 7 February 1996
when faced with a no-confidence vote in Parliament; Maxime Carlot
KORMAN was then elected prime minister and served until he was
ousted in a no-confidence motion on 30 September 1996; VOHOR was
then elected prime minister for a second time;legislative elections in March 1998, Donald KALPOKAS was elected primeminister and the VP formed a coalition government with Father LINI's the NUP; in November 1999, KALPOKAS, facing strong opposition and the threat of a no confidence vote, resigned; Barak SOPE was elected prime minister in his place and a coalition government was formed
National United Party (NUP)
- chief of state:
- President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 16 April 2001);
- Deputy Prime Minister Serge VOHOR (since 16 April 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament elections: president elected for a four-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term;
- election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2003);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 16 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: Father John BANI elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - NA%;
- Edward NATAPEI elected prime minister by Parliament with a total of 27 out of 52 votes note: the government of Prime Minister Barak SOPE was ousted in a no confidence vote on 14 April 2001 and Edward NATAPEI was elected the new prime minister by Parliament
chief of state: President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999)head of government: Prime Minister Barak SOPE Edward NATAPEI (since 25 November 1999); 16 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Stanley REGINALD Serge VOHOR (since 25 November 1999)16 April 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliamentelections: president elected for a four-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term; election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); 2003); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 6 March 1998 16 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2002)election results: Father John BANI elected president; percent of electoral college vote - NA; Barak SOPE NA%; Edward NATAPEI elected prime minister by Parliament with a total of 28 votes; other candidate, Edward NATAPEI, received 24 27 out of 52 votesnote: as a result of legislative elections in March 1998, Donald KALPOKAS was elected prime minister and the VP formed a coalition government with the NUP; in November 1999, KALPOKAS, facing strong opposition and the threat of Prime Minister Barak SOPE was ousted in a no confidence vote, resigned; Barak SOPE vote on 14 April 2001 and Edward NATAPEI was elected the new prime minister in his place and a coalition government was formed by Parliament
- chief of state:
- President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999)
- elections:
- president elected for a four-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term;
- election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 2 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2003)
note: the government of Prime Minister Barak SOPE was ousted in a no confidence vote on 14 April 2001 and Edward NATAPEI was elected the new prime minister by Parliament
- election results:
- Father John BANI elected president;
- percent of electoral college vote - NA%;
- Edward NATAPEI reelected prime minister by Parliament
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 16 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Serge VOHOR (since 16 April 2001)
chief of state: President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 16 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Serge VOHOR (since 16 April 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected for a four-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term; election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2003); 2004); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 16 April 2001 2 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: Father John BANI elected president; percent of electoral college vote - NA%; Edward NATAPEI elected prime minister by Parliament with a total of 27 out of 52 votes 2003)
note: the government of Prime Minister Barak SOPE was ousted in a no confidence vote on 14 April 2001 and Edward NATAPEI was elected the new prime minister by Parliament
election results: Father John BANI elected president; percent of electoral college vote - NA%; Edward NATAPEI reelected prime minister by Parliament
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
head of government: Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 16 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Serge VOHOR (since 16 April 2001)
- chief of state:
- President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999)
- elections:
- president elected for a four-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term;
- election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 2 August 2002 (next to be held NA 2003)
- election results:
- Father John BANI elected president on second vote (24 March 1999) after the first (17 March 1999) did not have any candidate with the required two-thirds majority; percent of electoral college vote - NA%
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edward Nipake NATAPEI (since 13 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since NA)
chief of state: President Father John BANI (since 25 March 1999)
elections: president elected for a four-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term; election for president last held 25 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 2 May August 2002 (next to be held NA 2003)note: the government of Prime Minister Barak SOPE was ousted in a no confidence vote on 14 April 2001 and Edward NATAPEI was elected the new prime minister by Parliamentelection results: Father John BANI elected president; president on second vote (24 March 1999) after the first (17 March 1999) did not have any candidate with the required two-thirds majority; percent of electoral college vote - NA%; Edward NATAPEI reelected prime minister by Parliament NA%
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
head of government: Prime Minister Edward Nipake NATAPEI (since 16 13 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Serge VOHOR Ham LINI (since 16 April 2001) NA)
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
- chief of state:
- President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004);
- Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004);
- Prime Minister Serge VOHOR ousted in no-confidence vote on 11 December 2004
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 (next to be held following general elections in 2008)
- election results:
- Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
chief of state: President Father John BANI Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 25 March 1999) 16 August 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004); Prime Minister Serge VOHOR ousted in no-confidence vote on 11 December 2004
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected for a four-year five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils for a five-year term; councils; election for president last held 25 March 1999 16 August 2004 (next to be held NA 2004); in 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 2 August 2002 29 July 2004 (next to be held NA 2003) following general elections in 2008)
election results: Father John BANI Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president on second vote (24 March 1999) after the first (17 March 1999) did not have any candidate president, with the required two-thirds majority; percent of electoral college vote - NA% 49 votes out of
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
headgovernment: Prime Minister Edward Nipake NATAPEI (since 13 April 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since NA) 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
The same text in 2006 and 2007.
- chief of state:
- President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 (next to be held following general elections in 2008)
- election results:
- Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
chief of state: President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004); Prime Minister Serge VOHOR ousted in no-confidence vote on 11 December 2004 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 (next to be held following general elections in 2008)
election results: Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
- chief of state:
- President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 22 September 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 22 September 2008)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 22 September 2008 (next to be held following general elections in 2012)
- election results:
- Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
chief of state: President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Ham LINI Edward NATAPEI (since 11 December 2004); 22 September 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004) 22 September 2008)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 22 September 2008 (next to be held following general elections in 2008) 2012)
election results: Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004
- chief of state:
- President Iolu Johnson ABIL (since 3 September 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 22 September 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 22 September 2008)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held 22 September 2008 (next to be held following general elections in 2012)
- election results:
- Iolu Johnson ABIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009
chief of state:
President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE Iolu Johnson ABIL (since 16 August 2004) 3 September 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Edward NATAPEI (since 22 September 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 22 September 2008)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament parliament
elections:
president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 16 August 2004 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2009); 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 22 September 2008 (next to be held following general elections in 2012)
election results: Kalkot Matas KELEKELE
Iolu Johnson ABIL elected president, with 49 41 votes out of 56, after several ballots 58, on 16 August 2004 the third ballot on 2 September 2009
- chief of state:
- President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 2 December 2010); note - Edward NATAPEI loses office in a no confidence vote on 2 December 2010
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 22 September 2008 (next to be held following general elections in 2012)
- election results:
- Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009
chief of state:
President Iolu Johnson ABIL ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 2 December 2010); note - Edward NATAPEI (since 22 September 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 22 September 2008) loses office in a no confidence vote on 2 December 2010
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 22 September 2008 (next to be held following general elections in 2012)
election results:
Iolu Johnson ABIL ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009
- chief of state:
- President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 26 June 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 26 June 2011 following a supreme court decision nullifying KILMAN's December 2010 election;
- KILMAN defeated Vohor SERGE 29 to 23 (next to be held following general elections in 2012)
- election results:
- Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009
chief of state:
President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 2 December 2010); note - Edward NATAPEI loses office in a no confidence vote on 2 December 2010 26 June 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 22 September 2008 26 June 2011 following a supreme court decision nullifying KILMAN's December 2010 election; KILMAN defeated Vohor SERGE 29 to 23 (next to be held following general elections in 2012)
election results:
Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009
- chief of state:
- President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 26 June 2011)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 19 November 2012 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
- election results:
- Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009;
- Sato KILMAN reelected prime minister defeating Edward NATAPEI 29 to 23
chief of state:
President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 26 June 2011)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 26 June 2011 following a supreme court decision nullifying KILMAN's December 2010 election; KILMAN defeated Vohor SERGE 29 to 23 19 November 2012 (next to be held following general elections in 2012) 2016)
election results:
Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009 2009; Sato KILMAN reelected prime minister defeating Edward NATAPEI 29 to 23
- chief of state:
- President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Moana CARCASSES Kalosil (since 23 March 2013)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
- election results:
- Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009;
- Moana CARCASSES Kalosil was elected prime minister following the resignation of Sato KILMAN on 21 March 2013
chief of state:
President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Sato KILMAN Moana CARCASSES Kalosil (since 26 June 2011) 23 March 2013)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 19 November 2012 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
election results:
Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009; Sato KILMAN reelected Moana CARCASSES Kalosil was elected prime minister defeating Edward NATAPEI 29 to 23 following the resignation of Sato KILMAN on 21 March 2013
- chief of state:
- President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Joe NATUMAN (since 14 May 2014)
- cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
- elections:
- president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils;
- election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
- election results:
- Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009;
- Joe NATUMAN elected prime minister following a no confidence vote against the government of Moana CARCASSES Kalosil on 15 May 2014
chief of state:
President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009)
head of government:
Prime Minister Moana CARCASSES Kalosil Joe NATUMAN (since 23 March 2013) 14 May 2014)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)
elections:
president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
election results:
Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009; Moana CARCASSES Kalosil was Joe NATUMAN elected prime minister following a no confidence vote against the resignation government of Sato KILMAN Moana CARCASSES Kalosil on 21 March 2013 15 May 2014
- chief of state:
- President Baldwin LONSDALE (since 22 September 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 June 2015)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 17 September 2014 (next to be held in 2019);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
- election results:
- Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) elected president;
- Parliament vote - 46 out of 52 on the eighth ballot;
- Sato KILMAN (PPP) elected prime minister following a no confidence vote against the government of Joe NATUMAN on 11 June 2015
chief of state:President Iolu Johnson ABBIL Baldwin LONSDALE (since 3 22 September 2009) 2014)
head of government:Prime Minister Joe NATUMAN Sato KILMAN (since 14 May 2014) 11 June 2015)
cabinet:Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament(For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)elections/appointments: president indirectly elected
elections:for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 2 17 September 2009 2014 (next to be held in 2014); 2019); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016)
election results: Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) elected
Iolu Johnson ABBILpresident, with 41 votes president; Parliament vote - 46 out of 58, 52 on the third ballot on 2 September 2009; Joe NATUMAN eighth ballot; Sato KILMAN (PPP) elected prime minister following a no confidence vote against the government of Moana CARCASSES Kalosil Joe NATUMAN on 15 May 2014 11 June 2015
- chief of state:
- President Baldwin LONSDALE (since 22 September 2014)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 11 February 2016)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 17 September 2014 (next to be held in 2019);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 11 February 2016 (next to be held following general elections in 2020)
- election results:
- Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) elected president;
- Parliament vote - 46 out of 52 on the eighth ballot;
- Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 11 February 2016 with 46 votes
chief of state: President Baldwin LONSDALE (since 22 September 2014)
head of government: Prime Minister Sato KILMAN Charlot SALWAI (since 11 June 2015) February 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 17 September 2014 (next to be held in 2019); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 11 February 2016 (next to be held following general elections in 2016) 2020)
election results: Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) elected president; Parliament vote - 46 out of 52 on the eighth ballot; Sato KILMAN (PPP) Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister following a no confidence vote against the government of Joe NATUMAN on 11 June 2015 February 2016 with 46 votes
- chief of state:
- President Tallis Obed MOSES (since 6 July 2017)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 11 February 2016)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 17 September 2014 (next to be held in 2019);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 11 February 2016 (next to be held following general elections in 2020)
- election results:
- Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) died suddenly on 17 June 2017;
- Parliament elected Tallis Obed MOSES on 6 July 2017 with a 39 to 17 vote in the fourth round;
- Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 11 February 2016 with 46 votes
chief of state: President Baldwin LONSDALE Tallis Obed MOSES (since 22 September 2014) 6 July 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 11 February 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 17 September 2014 (next to be held in 2019); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 11 February 2016 (next to be held following general elections in 2020)
election results: Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) elected president; died suddenly on 17 June 2017; Parliament vote - 46 out of 52 elected Tallis Obed MOSES on 6 July 2017 with a 39 to 17 vote in the eighth ballot; fourth round; Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 11 February 2016 with 46 votes
The same text in 2018 and 2019.
- chief of state:
- President Tallis Obed MOSES (since 6 July 2017)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 11 February 2016)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 17 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 11 February 2016 (next to be held following general elections in 2020)
- election results:
- Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) died suddenly on 17 June 2017;
- Parliament elected Tallis Obed MOSES on 6 July 2017 with a 39 to 17 vote in the fourth round;
- Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 11 February 2016 with 46 votes
chief of state: President Tallis Obed MOSES (since 6 July 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 11 February 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 17 September 2014 June 2017 (next to be held in 2019); 2022); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 11 February 2016 (next to be held following general elections in 2020)
election results: Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) died suddenly on 17 June 2017; Parliament elected Tallis Obed MOSES on 6 July 2017 with a 39 to 17 vote in the fourth round; Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 11 February 2016 with 46 votes
The same text in 2020 and 2021.
- chief of state:
- President Tallis Obed MOSES (since 6 July 2017)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Bob LOUGHMAN (since 20 April 2020)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 17 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024)
- election results:
- Bob LOUGHMAN elected prime minister on 20 April 2020; Bob LOUGHMAN 31 votes, Ralph REGENVANU 21 votes
chief of state: President Tallis Obed MOSES (since 6 July 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI Bob LOUGHMAN (since 11 February 2016) 20 April 2020)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament Parliament
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 17 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 11 February 2016 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2020) 2024)
election results: Baldwin LONSDALE (independent) died suddenly on 17 June 2017; Parliament elected Tallis Obed MOSES on 6 July 2017 with a 39 to 17 vote in the fourth round; Charlot SALWAI Bob LOUGHMAN elected prime minister on 11 February 2016 with 46 20 April 2020; Bob LOUGHMAN 31 votes, Ralph REGENVANU 21 votes
- chief of state:
- President Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 23 July 2022)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Ishmael KALSAKAU (since 4 November 2022)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 23 July 2022 (next to be held in 2027);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024)
- election results:
Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in the eighth round on 23 July 2022 with 48 votes;
Ishmael KALSAKAU (UMP) elected prime minister on 4 November 2022 with 50 votes
chief of state: President Tallis Obed MOSES Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 6 23 July 2017) 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister Bob LOUGHMAN Ishmael KALSAKAU (since 20 April 2020) 4 November 2022)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 17 June 2017 23 July 2022 (next to be held in 2022); 2027); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024)
election results: Bob LOUGHMAN Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in the eighth round on 23 July 2022 with 48 votes;
Ishmael KALSAKAU (UMP) elected prime minister on 20 April 2020; Bob LOUGHMAN 31 votes, Ralph REGENVANU 21 4 November 2022 with 50 votes
- chief of state:
- President Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 23 July 2022)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 6 October 2023)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 23 July 2022 (next to be held in 2027);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024)
- election results:
Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in eighth round on 23 July 2022 with 48 votes;
- Sato KILMAN defeated as prime minister in no-confidence vote on 6 October 2023;
- Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 6 October 2023, 29 votes for - 0 against
chief of state: President Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 23 July 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister Ishmael KALSAKAU Charlot SALWAI (since 4 November 2022) 6 October 2023)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 23 July 2022 (next to be held in 2027); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024)
election results: Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in the eighth round on 23 July 2022 with 48 votes;Ishmael KALSAKAU (UMP) Sato KILMAN defeated as prime minister in no-confidence vote on 6 October 2023; Charlot SALWAI elected prime minister on 4 November 2022 with 50 6 October 2023, 29 votes for - 0 against
- chief of state:
- President Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 23 July 2022)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 6 October 2023)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- elections/appointments:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term;
- election last held on 23 July 2022 (next to be held in 2027);
- following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
- election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024)
- election results:
- 2022: Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in eighth round;
- electoral college vote - Nikenike VUROBARAVU (VP) 48 votes, Solas MOLISA (VP) 4 votes;
- note - Charlot SALWAI (RMC) elected prime minister on 6 October 2023, 29 votes for, 0 against;
- Prime Minister Sato KILMAN lost no-confidence vote on 6 October 2023, requiring a new election
note: the National Council of Chiefs (Malvatu Mauri) is a formal advisory body of chiefs recognized by the country's constitution; it advises the government on matters of culture and language
chief of state: President Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 23 July 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI (since 6 October 2023)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 23 July 2022 (next to be held in 2027); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024)
election results: 2022: Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in eighth round on 23 July 2022 with round; electoral college vote - Nikenike VUROBARAVU (VP) 48 votes, Solas MOLISA (VP) 4 votes; note - Charlot SALWAI (RMC) elected prime minister on 6 October 2023, 29 votes
Sato KILMAN defeated as prime minister in no-confidence vote on 6 October 2023;for - for, 0 against against; Prime Minister Sato KILMAN lost no-confidence vote on 6 October 2023, requiring a new election
note: the National Council of Chiefs (Malvatu Mauri) is a formal advisory body of chiefs recognized by the country's constitution; it advises the government on matters of culture and language
- chief of state:
- President Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 23 July 2022)
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Jotham NAPAT (since 11 February 2025)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament
- election/appointment process:
- president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces;
- national president serves a 5-year term;
- following legislative elections, the Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition (who must also be a member of Parliament) as prime minister
- most recent election date:
- 23 July 2022
- election results:
- 2022: Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in eighth round; electoral college vote - Nikenike VUROBARAVU (VP) 48 votes, Solas MOLISA (VP) 4 votes
- expected date of next election:
- 2027
note: the National Council of Chiefs (Malvatu Mauri) is a formal advisory body of chiefs recognized by the country's constitution; it advises the government on matters of culture and language
chief of state: President Nikenike VUROBARAVU (since 23 July 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister Charlot SALWAI Jotham NAPAT (since 6 October 2023) 11 February 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliamentelections/appointments: election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and presidents of the 6 provinces; Vanuatu national president serves a 5-year term; election last held on 23 July 2022 (next to be held in 2027); following legislative elections, the Parliament usually elects the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected (who must also be a member of Parliament) as prime minister by Parliament from among its members;
most recent election for prime minister last held on 20 April 2020 (next to be held following general elections in 2024) date: 23 July 2022
election results: 2022: Nikenike VUROBARAVU elected president in eighth round; electoral college vote - Nikenike VUROBARAVU (VP) 48 votes, Solas MOLISA (VP) 4 votes; note - Charlot SALWAI (RMC) elected prime minister on 6 October 2023, 29 votes for, 0 against; Prime Minister Sato KILMAN lost no-confidence vote on 6 October 2023, requiring a new election
expected date of next election: 2027
note: the National Council of Chiefs (Malvatu Mauri) is a formal advisory body of chiefs recognized by the country's constitution; it advises the government on matters of culture and language
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Vanuatu: Executive branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/vanuatu/executive-branch.