Venezuela

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• more moderate in highlands

• Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest;
• central plains (llanos);
• Guiana Highlands in southeast

total:

9.06 cu km/yr (23%/4%/74%)

per capita:

358.6 cu m/yr (2008)

• sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia;
• oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo;
• deforestation;
• soil degradation;
• urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast;
• threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations

noun:

Venezuelan(s)

adjective:

Venezuelan

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1.01 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.96 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.79 male(s)/female

total population:

0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

degree of risk:

high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever and malaria (2013)

total number:

404,092

percentage:

8 % (2000 est.)

conventional long form:

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

conventional short form:

Venezuela

local long form:

Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela

local short form:

Venezuela

name:

Caracas

geographic coordinates:

10 29 N, 66 52 W

time difference:

UTC-4.5 (half an hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

• 23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal);
• Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia

note: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands

• many previous;
• latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999;
• amended 2009 (2013)

highest court(s):

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into six divisions - constitutional, political administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social (mainly agrarian and labor issues)

judge selection and term of office:

• judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly;
• judges serve non-renewable 12-year terms

subordinate courts:

• Superior or Appeals Courts (Tribunales Superiores);
• District Tribunals (Tribunales de Distrito);
• Courts of First Instance (Tribunales de Primera Instancia);
• Parish Courts (Tribunales de Parroquia);
• Justices of the Peace (Justicia de Paz) Network

• A New Time or UNT [Omar BARBOZA]
• Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Antonio LEDEZMA]
• Christian Democrats or COPEI [Roberto ENRIQUEZ]
• Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]
• Democratic Action or AD [Henry RAMOS ALLUP]
• Fatherland for All or PPT [Rafael UZCATEGUI]
• For Social Democracy or PODEMOS [Ismael GARCIA]
• Justice First [Julio BORGES]
• Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Nicolas SOSA]
• Popular Will or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]
• Progressive Wave or AP [Henri FALCON]
• The Democratic Unity Table or MUD [Ramon Guillermo AVELEDO]
• The Radical Cause [Daniel SANTOLO]
• United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Hugo CHAVEZ]
• Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]
• Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS ROMER]

chief of mission:

Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:

1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:

[1] (202) 342-2214

FAX:

[1] (202) 342-6820

consulate(s) general:

Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

chief of mission:

Ambassador (vacant)

embassy:

Calle F con Calle Suapure, Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1080

mailing address:

P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037

telephone:

[58] (212) 975-6411, 907-8400 (after hours)

FAX:

[58] (212) 907-8199

• three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band;
• the flag retains the three equal horizontal bands and three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830;
• yellow is interpreted as standing for the riches of the land, blue for the courage of its people, and red for the blood shed in attaining independence;
• the seven stars on the original flag represented the seven provinces in Venezuela that united in the war of independence;
• in 2006, President Hugo CHAVEZ ordered an eighth star added to the star arc - a decision that sparked much controversy - to conform with the flag proclaimed by Simon Bolivar in 1827 and to represent the province of Guayana

• corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee;
• beef, pork, milk, eggs;
• fish

• petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles;
• iron ore mining, steel, aluminum;
• motor vehicle assembly, chemical products, paper products

agriculture:

7.3%

industry:

21.8%

services:

70.9% (4th quarter, 2011)

lowest 10%:

1.7%

highest 10%:

32.7% (2006)

general assessment:

modern and expanding

domestic:

• domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations;
• recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas;
• substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines;
• installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services;
• combined fixed and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 130 per 100 persons

international:

• country code - 58;
• submarine cable systems provide connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US;
• satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat;
• participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network;
• constructing submarine cable to provide connectivity to Cuba with an estimated date of completion in late 2011 (2010)

• government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media;
• 1 state-run TV network, 4 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed pan-American channel;
• state-run radio network includes 65 news stations and roughly another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences;
• state-sponsored community broadcasters include 244 radio stations and 36 TV stations;
• the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2010)

• extra heavy crude 981 km;
• gas 5,941 km;
• oil 7,588 km;
• refined products 1,778 km (2013)

total:

806 km

country comparison to the world: 98

standard gauge:

806 km 1.435-m gauge (41 km electrified) (2008)

total:

96,155 km

country comparison to the world: 48

paved:

32,308 km

unpaved:

63,847 km (2002)

• the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Caribbean Sea as a significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships;
• numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway;
• crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

• 18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service;
• 30-month conscript service obligation;
• Navy requires 6th-grade education for enlisted personnel;
• all citizens of military service age (18-60 years old) are obligated to register for military service (2012)

males age 16-49:

7,013,854

females age 16-49:

7,165,661 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

5,614,743

females age 16-49:

6,074,834 (2010 est.)

male:

277,210

female:

273,353 (2010 est.)

• claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary;
• Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into their waters;
• dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary and Venezuelan administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf of Venezuela;
• Colombian organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region;
• in 2006, an estimated 139,000 Colombians sought protection in 150 communities along the border in Venezuela;
• US, France, and the Netherlands recognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, thereby claiming a Venezuelan Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf extending over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea;
• Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's full effect claim

current situation:

• Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor;
• Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and tourist areas;
• women from Colombia, Peru, Haiti, China, and South Africa are also reported to have been sexually exploited in Venezuela;
• some Venezuelan women are transported to Caribbean islands, particularly Aruba, Curacao, and Trinidad & Tobago, where they are subjected to forced prostitution;
• some Venezuelan children are forced to beg on the streets or work as domestic servants, while Ecuadorian children, who are often from indigenous communities, are subjected to forced labor

tier rating:

• Tier 2 Watch List - Venezuela does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
• the government has increased the investigation of forced labor crimes but has not publicly document progress on prosecutions and convictions of trafficking offenders or on victim identification or assistance;
• the government also does not report on the existence of formal procedures for identifying trafficking victims and referring them to victim services;
• authorities provide limited funding to some NGOs providing victim services;
• public service announcements and an awareness campaign on human trafficking have continued (2013)

• small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives;
• however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe;
• significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island;
• active eradication program primarily targeting opium;
• increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border