The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1997 to 2025 World
Elevation World, in 29 editions.
The entry for World published Elevation in 29 editions of 36, from 1997 to 2025. The text changed in 14 editions. Each is shown as published. Elevation in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 14
- the first edition with it
- 1997
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Elevation extremes” (1997 to 2015) and “Elevation” (2016 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Changed since 2024The same text in 3 editions, 1997 to 1999.
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Dead Sea -408 m
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,848 m
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point: Mount Everest 8,848 m
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Dead Sea -408 m
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999 est.)
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point: Mount Everest 8,848 8,850 m (1999 est.)
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999 est.)
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m
The same text in 3 editions, 2002 to 2004.
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999 est.)
lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999 est.)
The same text in 4 editions, 2005 to 2008.
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999 est.)
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
lowest point:
Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,540 -2,555 m
note:
in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (Nepal-China) 8,850 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (Nepal-India) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (Nepal-China) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (Nepal-China) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
lowest point:
Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m
note:
in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
Mount Everest (Nepal-China) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (Nepal-India) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (Nepal-China) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (Nepal-China) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
The same text in 4 editions, 2011 to 2014.
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
lowest point:
Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m
note:
in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
Mount Everest (Nepal-China) (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (Nepal-India) (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (Nepal-China) (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (Nepal-China) (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
Published as “Elevation extremes”
- lowest point:
- Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m
note: in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
lowest point:
note:
highest point:
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
The same text in 2016 and 2017.
- mean elevation:
- 840 m
- elevation extremes:
- lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
- highest point on each continent:
- Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m;
- North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m;
- Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m;
- Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m;
- Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m;
- Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
- lowest point on each continent:
- Antarctica - Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m;
- Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -408 m;
- Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m;
- South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m;
- North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m;
- Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m;
- Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
mean elevation: 840 m
elevation extremes: lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m
note: inOcean Ocean)
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -408 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
- mean elevation:
- 840 m
- elevation extremes:
- -2,555 m lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
- highest capital on each continent:
- South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m;
- Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m;
- Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m;
- North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m;
- Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m;
- Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -408 m;
- Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m;
- South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m;
- North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m;
- Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m;
- Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
- lowest capital on each continent:
- Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m;
- Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m;
- Africa - Banjul (Gambia);
- Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m;
- North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m;
- South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
mean elevation: 840 m
elevation extremes: -2,555 m lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench (Antarctica) -2,555 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -408 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
- mean elevation:
- 840 m
- lowest point:
- Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,850 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m;
- note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit;
- the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m;
- total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
- top ten highest island peaks:
- Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*;
- Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States);
- Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*;
- Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*;
- Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia);
- Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica);
- Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*;
- Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia);
- Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*;
- Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*;
- note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
- highest point on each continent:
- Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m;
- South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m;
- North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m;
- Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m;
- Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m;
- Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m;
- Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
- highest capital on each continent:
- South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m;
- Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m;
- Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m;
- North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m;
- Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m;
- Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m;
- Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m;
- South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m;
- North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m;
- Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m;
- Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
- lowest capital on each continent:
- Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m;
- Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m;
- Africa - Banjul (Gambia);
- Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m;
- North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m;
- South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
mean elevation: 840 melevation extremes: -2,555 m lowest point: Bentley Subglacial Trench Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m m; note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
note:
top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*; note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,555 Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -408 -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
- mean elevation:
- 840 m
- lowest point:
- Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,849 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m;
- note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit;
- the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m;
- total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
- top ten highest island peaks:
- Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*;
- Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States);
- Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*;
- Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*;
- Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia);
- Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica);
- Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*;
- Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia);
- Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*;
- Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*;
- note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
- highest point on each continent:
- Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m;
- South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m;
- North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m;
- Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m;
- Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m;
- Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m;
- Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
- highest capital on each continent:
- South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m;
- Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m;
- Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m;
- North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m;
- Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m;
- Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m;
- Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m;
- South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m;
- North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m;
- Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m;
- Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
- lowest capital on each continent:
- Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m;
- Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m;
- Africa - Banjul (Gambia);
- Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m;
- North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m;
- South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
mean elevation: 840 m
lowest point: Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 8,849 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 8,849 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m; note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*; note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,850 8,849 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
The same text in 4 editions, 2021 to 2024.
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,849 m
- lowest point:
- Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
- mean elevation:
- 840 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m;
- K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m;
- Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m;
- note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit;
- the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m;
- total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
- top ten highest island peaks:
- Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*;
- Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States);
- Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*;
- Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*;
- Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia);
- Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica);
- Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*;
- Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia);
- Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*;
- Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*;
- note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
- highest point on each continent:
- Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m;
- South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m;
- North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m;
- Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m;
- Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m;
- Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m;
- Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
- highest capital on each continent:
- South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m;
- Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m;
- Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m;
- North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m;
- Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
- lowest point on each continent:
- Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m;
- Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m;
- Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m;
- South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m;
- North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m;
- Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m;
- Australia - Lake Eyre -15
- lowest capital on each continent:
- Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m;
- Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m;
- Africa - Banjul (Gambia);
- Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m;
- North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m;
- South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
mean elevation: 840 highest point: Mount Everest 8,849 m
lowest point: Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)highest point: Mount Everest 8,849 mean elevation: 840 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m; note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*; note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m
lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
- highest point:
- Mount Everest 8,849 m
- lowest point:
- Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
- mean elevation:
- 840 m
- top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level):
- Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m;
- K2 (China-Pakistan) 8,611 m;
- Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,586 m;
- Lhotse (China-Nepal) 8,516 m;
- Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,485 m;
- Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,188 m;
- Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m;
- Manaslu (Nepal) 8,156 m;
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m;
- Annapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m;
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
- top ten highest island peaks:
- Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*;
- Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States);
- Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*;
- Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*;
- Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia);
- Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica);
- Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*;
- Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia);
- Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*;
- Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*
* indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
- highest point on each continent:
- Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m;
- South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m;
- North America - Mount McKinley (United States) 6,190 m;
- Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m;
- Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m;
- Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m;
- Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
- highest capital on each continent:
- South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m;
- Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m;
- Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m;
- North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m;
- Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
- lowest point on each continent:
- Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m;
- Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m;
- Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m;
- South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m;
- North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m;
- Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m;
- Australia - Lake Eyre -15
- lowest capital on each continent:
- Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m;
- Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m;
- Africa - Banjul (Gambia);
- Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m;
- North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m;
- South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m;
- Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
highest point: Mount Everest 8,849 m
lowest point: Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)
mean elevation: 840 m
top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; K2 (Pakistan) (China-Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 8,586 m; Lhotse (Nepal) (China-Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 8,485 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 8,188 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 8,156 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna Annapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m; note -
note: Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*; note - (Spain)*
* indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry
highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) Mount McKinley (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m
highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15
lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m
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Central Intelligence Agency. “World: Elevation.” The World Factbook, 1997–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/world/elevation.