Telecommunication systems Bolivia, in 35 editions.

radio relay system being expanded; improved international services; 144,300
telephones; stations--129 broadcast stations - 129 AM, no FM, 43 TV, 68 shortwave; 1
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

microwave radio relay system being expanded; improved international
services; 144,300
telephones; broadcast stations - 129 AM, no FM, 43 TV, 68
shortwave; 1
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

very poor telephone service for the general population; 144,300
telephones - 18.7 telephones per 1,000 persons; microwave radio relay
system being expanded; improved international
services; 144,300 telephones; broadcast
stations - 129 AM, no FM, 43 TV, 68
shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT earth station

about 150,000 telephones; about 2.0 telephones/100
persons; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most
most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; microwave radio relay system
being expanded; improved international services
local: NA cities
intercity: domestic: microwave radio relay system being expanded
international: satellite earth station - 1 INTELSAT Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) earth station

new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties;
most
telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities
domestic: domestic : microwave radio relay system being expanded
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most
telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities
domestic : domestic: microwave radio relay system being expanded
international: satellite earth station - 1 station-1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most
most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities
domestic: microwave radio relay system being expanded
international: satellite earth station-1 station--1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties;
most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities
domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay system relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international: satellite earth station--1 station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities
cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly
domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly
domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

general assessment: privatization beginning in 1995; reliability has steadily improved; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile mobile- cellular telephone use expanding rapidly rapidly; fixed-line teledensity of 7 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of 27 per 100 persons
domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

general assessment: privatization beginning begun in 1995; reliability has steadily improved; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile- cellular mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly; fixed-line teledensity of 7 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of 27 35 per 100 persons
domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)

general assessment:
privatization begun in 1995; reliability has steadily improved; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly; fixed-line teledensity of 7 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of 35 slighly exceeds 50 per 100 persons
domestic:
primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international:
country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007) (2008)

general assessment:
privatization begun in 1995; primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; overall reliability has steadily improved; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; improved
domestic:
most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly; fixed-line rapidly and, in 2009, teledensity of 7 reached 75 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density slighly exceeds 50 fixed-line teledensity is low at less than 10 per 100 persons
domestic:
primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
international:
country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2008) (2009)

general assessment:
privatization begun Bolivian National Telecommunications Company (ENTEL) was privatized in 1995; 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system, which system is being expanded, expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; overall reliability has system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved improved.
domestic:
most telephones are concentrated in La Paz Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2009, 2010, teledensity reached about 75 per 100 persons; fixed-line teledensity is low at less than 10 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009) (2010)

general assessment:
Bolivian National Telecommunications Company (ENTEL) was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved.
domestic:
most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2010, 2011, teledensity reached about 75 80 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010) (2011)

general assessment:
Bolivian National Telecommunications Company was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved. improved
domestic:
most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2011, teledensity reached about 80 per 100 persons
international:
country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)

general assessment: Bolivian National Telecommunications Company was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved
domestic: most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2011, 2015, teledensity reached about 80 95 per 100 persons
international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011) (2015)

general assessment: Bolivian National Telecommunications Company was privatized in 1995 but re-nationalized in 2007; the primary trunk system is being expanded and employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; system operations, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved
domestic: most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and, in 2015, 2016, teledensity reached about 95 stood at 93 per 100 persons
international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2015) (2016)

general assessment: state-owned Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel) is the country's incumbent long-distance operator, and offers local telephone service, DSL, and satellite TV; its subsidiary Entel Movil is Bolivia's largest mobile network provider, reliability, and coverage have steadily improved, but some remote areas are still underserved; Entel plans to extend fibre fiber to all 339 municipal capital cities by 2022; MNP (mobile number potability) launched in October 2018; Bolivian Space Agency planning to launch a second telecom satellite after 2020 (2018) (2019)
domestic: most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; 8 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stood stands at 91 per 100 persons (2017) (2018)
international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Bolivia has no direct access to submarine cable networks and must therefore connect to the rest of the world either via satellite or through terrestrial links across neighbouring neighboring countries (2017) (2019)

general assessment: state-owned Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel) is lowest GDP in the country's incumbent long-distance operator, and offers local telephone service, DSL, area; much of the population live in remote valleys and satellite TV; its subsidiary Entel Movil telecommunications is Bolivia's largest mobile network provider, poor; consumers pick from multiple long-distance carriers for each call; reliability, and coverage have steadily improved, but some remote areas are still underserved; Entel plans operators plan to extend fiber to all 339 municipal capital cities by 2022; move from 3G to LTE available by all 3 mobile companies; 92% of all Internet is through smartphone; broadband services remain expensive by the lack of competition and that fact that Bolivia is landlocked and does not have access through submarine cables; MNP (mobile number potability) portability) launched in October 2018; Bolivian Space Agency planning to launch a second telecom satellite after 2020 (2019) (2020)
domestic: most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities; 8 6 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 91 101 per 100 persons (2018) persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2019)
international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Bolivia has no direct access to submarine cable networks and must therefore connect to the rest of the world either via satellite or through terrestrial links across neighboring countries countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated

general assessment: lowest with low national GDP in the area; much of the population live in and remote valleys landlocked geography, Bolivia’s telecom services are historically expensive and telecommunications neglected resulting in low penetration; fixed telecom market is poor; consumers pick from multiple long-distance carriers for each call; reliability, provided by non-profit cooperatives focused on improvement of services such as broadband and coverage have steadily improved, but paid TV services; some remote areas are still underserved; operators plan to extend fiber to all 339 municipal capital cities by 2022; move from 3G to LTE available by all 3 mobile companies; 92% of all Internet is through smartphone; adopted fixed-wireless technologies and fiber-optic capacity; fixed broadband services migrating from DSL to fiber remain expensive by the lack of competition and that fact that Bolivia is landlocked largely unavailable in many areas; historically relied on satellite services or terrestrial links and does not have access inaugurated a new cable running via Peru to the Pacific; operator aims to increase coverage through submarine cables; MNP (mobile number portability) launched mobile networks for voice and data access, especially to rural areas; space agency plans to boost satellite-based Internet; in October 2018; Bolivian Space Agency planning 2020, communications towers in Yapacani were destroyed due to launch a second telecom satellite after 2020 (2020) pandemic conspiracy fears; importer of broadcasting equipment from China (2021)
domestic: 6 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 101 per 100 persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2019)
international: country code - 591; Bolivia has no direct access to submarine cable networks and must therefore connect to the rest of the world either via satellite or through terrestrial links across neighboring countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect consequent restriction on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable services as a tool for work and satellite - has moderated school from home became evident, and received some support from governments

general assessment: with low national GDP and remote landlocked geography, the structure of Bolivia’s telecom services are historically expensive and neglected resulting in low penetration; fixed telecom market is different from most other countries; local services are primarily provided by non-profit 15 telecom cooperatives; these are non-profit-making companies privately owned and controlled by their users; since the market was liberalized, the cooperatives focused on improvement of services such as have also provided long-distance telephony, while several also offer broadband and paid pay TV services; some service; they have invested in network upgrades in a bid to improve services for customers, and to expand their footprints; Bolivia has a multi-carrier system wherein consumers can choose a long-distance carrier for each call by dialing the carrier’s prefix; several operators have also adopted fixed-wireless technologies technologies, and some rent fiber-optic capacity; the fixed broadband services migrating from DSL to fiber remain expensive and largely expensive, though the cost of bandwidth is only a fraction of what it was only a few years ago; services are still unavailable in many rural and remote areas, and even in some of the major urban areas; historically relied being a landlocked country, Bolivia had no direct access to submarine cable networks, and relies on satellite services or terrestrial links and inaugurated across neighboring countries; in September 2020 a new cable running via Peru Peru, has increased capacity and contributed to a dramatic fall in end-user prices; fixed broadband services are fast migrating from DSL to fiber, while there are also cable broadband services available in some major cities; in 2007 the Pacific; operator focus was on providing telecom services in rural areas under a project known as ‘Territory with Total Coverage’; this project aims to increase telecom coverage through mobile rather than through fixed networks; Bolivia has almost twenty times as many mobile phone subscribers as fixed line connections, and the trend towards fixed-mobile substitution continues; all the mobile companies offer 3G and LTE services; due to the poor quality, high cost, and poor reach of DSL, mobile networks have become the principal platform for voice services and data access, especially to rural areas; space agency plans to boost satellite-based Internet; in 2020, communications towers in Yapacani were destroyed due to pandemic conspiracy fears; importer access; by early 2021 companies’ networks reached more than 95% of broadcasting equipment from China the population; about 92% of all internet accesses are via smartphones (2021)
domestic: 6 5 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 101 per 100 persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2019) (2020)
international: country code - 591; Bolivia has no direct access to submarine cable networks and must therefore connect to the rest of the world either via satellite or through terrestrial links across neighboring countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards toward 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and has increased due to the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became is still evident, and received some support from governments the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services

general assessment: the structure of Bolivia’s fixed telecom market is different from most other countries; local services are primarily provided by 15 telecom cooperatives; these are non-profit-making companies privately owned and controlled by their users; since the market was liberalized, the cooperatives have also provided long-distance telephony, while several also offer broadband and pay TV service; they have invested in network upgrades in a bid to improve services for customers, and to expand their footprints; Bolivia has a multi-carrier system wherein consumers can choose a long-distance carrier for each call by dialing the carrier’s prefix; several operators have also adopted fixed-wireless technologies, and some rent fiber-optic capacity; the fixed broadband services remain expensive, though the cost of bandwidth is only a fraction of what it was only a few years ago; services are still unavailable in many rural and remote areas, and even in some of the major urban areas; being a landlocked country, Bolivia had no direct access to submarine cable networks, and relies on satellite services or terrestrial links across neighboring countries; in September 2020 a new cable running via Peru, has increased capacity and contributed to a dramatic fall in end-user prices; fixed broadband services are fast migrating from DSL to fiber, while there are also cable broadband services available in some major cities; in 2007 the focus was on providing telecom services in rural areas under a project known as ‘Territory with Total Coverage’; this project aims to increase telecom coverage through mobile rather than through fixed networks; Bolivia has almost twenty times as many mobile phone subscribers as fixed line connections, and the trend towards fixed-mobile substitution continues; all the mobile companies offer 3G and LTE services; due to the poor quality, high cost, and poor reach of DSL, mobile networks have become the principal platform for voice services and data access; by early 2021 companies’ networks reached more than 95% of the population; about 92% of all internet accesses are via smartphones (2021)
domestic: 5 4 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 101 100 per 100 persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2020) (2021)
international: country code - 591; Bolivia has no direct access to submarine cable networks and must therefore connect to the rest of the world either via satellite or through terrestrial links across neighboring countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services