Burundi

Republic of BurundiRepublika y'u Burundi

republic

Burundi as the 1993 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 74 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalBujumbura

Area27,830 km2

LocationCentral Africa, between Tanzania and Zaire

Populationas each edition published it

5.99 million July 1993 est. · 5.65m in 1990

Population growth% a year

2.34% 1993 est. · 2.96% in 2025

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 16.3 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

40.75 years 1993 est. · 68.1 yrs in 2025

Fertility ratechildren per woman

6.76 children per woman 1993 est. · 7 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

115.6 deaths per 1,000 live births 1993 est. · 111 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$205 1991 est. · $800 in 2025

GDP real growth% a year

5% 1991 est. · 3.5% in 2025

Geography

Central Africa, between Tanzania and Zaire

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Area

27,830km2

land area: 25,650 km2comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland

Coastline

0km

(landlocked)Maritime claims: none; landlocked

Land boundaries

974km

total · Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km

Irrigated land

720km2

(1989 est.)

Location

Central Africa, between Tanzania and Zaire

Map references

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Climate

temperate;
warm;
occasional frost in uplands

Terrain

mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains

Natural resources

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium

Land use

arable land:: 43%
permanent crops:: 8%
meadows and pastures:: 35%
forest and woodland:: 2%
other:: 12%

Environment

soil exhaustion;
soil erosion;
deforestation

Note

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed

People

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Population

5,985,308

(July 1993 est.)growth rate: 2.34% (1993 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1993 est.)

Birth

44.69Death

21.25Net migration

Male · female(1993 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years40.75

38.79 · 42.76

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy50%

61% · 40%

MaleFemaleLiteracy age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

Religions

Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%)indigenous beliefs 32%Muslim 1%

Labor force

1.9million

(1983 est.)by occupation: agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5%note: 52% of population of working age (1985)

Infant mortality rate

115.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Burundian(s)
adjective:: Burundi

Ethnic divisions

Africans:: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% (other Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians)
non-Africans:: Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

Languages

Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Government

Republic

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Names

conventional long form:: Republic of Burundi
conventional short form:: Burundi
local long form:: Republika y'u Burundi
local short form:: Burundi

Administrative divisions

15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

Independence

1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

Constitution

13 March 1992 draft provides for establishment of plural political system

Legal system

based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Political parties and leaders

only party - National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), Nicolas MAYUGI, secretary general;

note: although Burundi is still officially a one-party state, at least four political parties were formed in 1991 and set the precedent for constitutional reform in 1992 - Burundi Democratic Front (FRODEBU), Organization of the People of Burundi (RPB), Socialist Party of Burundi (PSB), Royalist Parliamentary Party (PRP) - the most significant opposition party is FRODEBU, led by Melchior NDADAYE;

the Party for the Liberation of the Hutu People (PALIPEHUTU), formed in exile in the early 1980s, is an ethnically based political party dedicated to majority rule; the government has long accused PALIPEHUTU of practicing devisive ethnic politics and fomenting violence against the state;

PALIPEHUTU's exclusivist charter makes it an unlikely candidate for legalization under the new constitution that will require party membership open to all ethnic groups

Suffrage

universal adult at age NA

Elections

National Assembly:: note - The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5 February 1991;
new elections to the National Assembly are to take place 29 June 1993;
presidential elections are to take place 1 June 1993

Executive branch

president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) was dissolved following the coup of 3 September 1987;
at an extraordinary party congress held from 27 to 29 December 1990, the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA) replaced the Military Committee for National Salvation, and became the supreme governing body during the transition to constitutional government

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Major Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987)
Head of Government:: Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26 October 1988)

Member of

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Julien KAVAKURE
chancery:: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone:: (202) 342-2574

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador Cynthia Shepherd PERRY
embassy:: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura
mailing address:: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura
telephone:: [257] (223) 454
FAX:: [257] (222) 926

Flag

divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

Economy

A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic | development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only a few basic | industries.

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GDP per capita, PPP

$205

(1991 est.)

Real growth rate

(1991 est.)industrial production growth: real growth rate 11.0% (1991 est.); accounts for about 5% of GDP

Inflation, consumer prices

(1991 est.)

External debt

$1billion

(1990 est.)

Budget

Revenues

$318 millionExpenditures

$326 million

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $150 million (1991 est.)

Overview

A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only a few basic industries. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each year. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market.

As part of its economic reform agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi is trying to diversify its agricultural exports and attract foreign investment in industry. Several state-owned coffee companies were privatized via public auction in September 1991.

National product

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.23 billion (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Exports

$91.7 million (f.o.b., 1991)

commodities:: coffee 81%, tea, hides, and skins
partners:: EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%

Imports

$246 million (c.i.f., 1991)

commodities:: capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods
partners:: EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%

Electricity

55,000 kW capacity; 105 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries

light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap;
assembly of imports;
public works construction;
food processing

Agriculture

accounts for 60% of GDP;
90% of population dependent on subsistence farming;
marginally self-sufficient in food production;
cash crops - coffee, cotton, tea;
food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc;
livestock - meat, milk, hides and skins

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million

Communications

5 fields

total:: 5
usable:: 4
with permanent-surface runways:: 1
with runways over 3,659 m:: 0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:: 1
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:: 4

Telecommunications

sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay links;
8,000 telephones;
broadcast stations - 2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV;
1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station