Croatia

Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska

presidential/parliamentary democracyIndependence 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Croatia as the 2001 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 118 fields, one of 34 editions from 1992 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalZagreb

Position45 10 N, 15 30 E

Area56,542 sq km land: 56,414 sq km water: 128 sq km

LocationSoutheastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Populationas each edition published it

4.33 million July 2001 est. · 4.78m in 1992

Population growth% a year

1.48% 2001 est. · 0.07% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 38.9 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

73.9 years 2001 est. · 73.19 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.94 children per woman 2001 est. · 1.66 in 1993

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

7.21 deaths per 1,000 live births 2001 est. · 10 in 1992

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$5,800 2000 est. · $5,600 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

3.2% 2000 est. · -25% in 1993

Introduction

1 field

Background

In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became an independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN supervision the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998.

Geography

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

18 fields

Coastline

5,835km

(mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058 km)continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 NM

Irrigated land

30sq km

(1993 est.)

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Geographic coordinates

45 10 N, 15 30 E

Map references

Europe

Area

total: 56,542 sq km land: 56,414 sq km water: 128 sq km

Land boundaries

total: 2,028 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Yugoslavia 266 km, Slovenia 501 km

Climate

Mediterranean and continental;
continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters;
mild winters, dry summers along coast

Terrain

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Dinara 1,830 m

Natural resources

oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower

Land use

arable land: 21% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 20% forests and woodland: 38% other: 19% (1993 est.)

Natural hazards

destructive earthquakes

Environment - current issues

air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests;
coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste;
landmine removal and reconstruction of infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note

controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits

People

18 fields

Population

4,334,142

(July 2001 est.)growth rate: 1.48% (2001 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2001 est.)

Birth

12.82Death

11.41Net migration

13.37

Ethnic groups(1991)

Croat 78.1%Serb 12.2%Bosniak 0.9%Hungarian 0.5%Slovenian 0.5%Czech 0.4%Albanian 0.3%Montenegrin 0.3%Roma 0.2%others 6.6% (1991)

Religions(1991)

Roman Catholic 76.5%Orthodox 11.1%Muslim 1.2%Protestant 0.4%others and unknown 10.8% (1991)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.02%

(1999 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 18.16% (male 403,722; female 383,151) 15-64 years: 66.61% (male 1,452,872; female 1,434,086) 65 years and over: 15.23% (male 245,727; female 414,584) (2001 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate

7.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 73.9 years male: 70.28 years female: 77.73 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.94 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

350 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

less than 100 (1999 est.)

Nationality

noun: Croat(s) adjective: Croatian

Languages

Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 99% female: 95% (1991 est.)

Government

Presidential/parliamentary democracy; President Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC (since 18 February 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Ivica RACAN (since 27 January 2000)

20 fields

Legislature, 151 seatsone dot, one seat

HDZ 46SDP 44HSLS 24HSS 17HSP/HKDU 5IDS 4HNS 2independents 4minority representatives 5

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska

Government type

presidential/parliamentary democracy

Capital

Zagreb

Administrative divisions

20 counties (zupanije, zupanija - singular), 1 city (grad -singular)*: Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska Zupanija, Brodsko-Posavska Zupanija, Dubrovacko-Neretvanska Zupanija, Istarska Zupanija, Karlovacka Zupanija, Koprivnicko-Krizevacka Zupanija, Krapinsko-Zagorska Zupanija, Licko-Senjska Zupanija, Medimurska Zupanija, Osjecko-Baranjska Zupanija, Pozesko-Slavonska Zupanija, Primorsko-Goranska Zupanija, Sibensko-Kninska Zupanija, Sisacko-Moslavacka Zupanija, Splitsko-Dalmatinska Zupanija, Varazdinska Zupanija, Viroviticko-Podravska Zupanija, Vukovarsko-Srijemska Zupanija, Zadarska Zupanija, Zagreb*, Zagrebacka Zupanija

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

National holiday

Republic Day/Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)

Constitution

adopted on 22 December 1990

Legal system

based on civil law system

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)

Executive branch

chief of state:: President Stjepan (Stipe) MESIC (since 18 February 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Ivica RACAN (since 27 January 2000);
Deputy Prime Ministers Goran GRANIC (since 27 January 2000), Zeljka ANTUNOVIC (since 27 January 2000), Slavko LINIC (since 27 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and approved by the House of Representatives elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 7 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2005);
prime minister nominated by the president in line with the balance of power in the Assembly election results: Stjepan MESIC elected president;
percent of vote - Stjepan MESIC (HNS) 56%, Drazen BUDISA (HSLS) 44% note: government coalition - SDP, HSLS, HSS, LP, HNS, IDS

Legislative branch

bicameral Assembly or Sabor consists of the House of Counties or Zupanijski Dom (68 seats, 63 directly elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; members serve four-year terms; note - House of Counties to be abolished in 2001) and House of Representatives or the Zastupnicki Dom (151 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Counties - last held 13 April 1997;
House of Representatives - last held 2-3 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: House of Counties - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - HDZ 42, HSLS/HSS 11, HSS 2, IDS 2, SDP/PGS/HNS 2, SDP/HNS 2, HSLS/HSS/HNS 1, HSLS 1;
note - in some districts certain parties ran as coalitions, while in others they ran alone;
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - HDZ 46, SDP 44, HSLS 24, HSS 17, HSP/HKDU 5, IDS 4, HNS 2, independents 4, minority representatives 5

Judicial branch

Supreme Court;
Constitutional Court;
judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the House of Representatives

Political parties and leaders

Alliance of Croatian Coast and Mountains Department or PGS [Luciano SUSANJ];
Croatian Christian Democratic Union or HKDU [Marko VESELICA];
Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER];
Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Dobroslav PARAGA];
Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Zlatko TOMCIC];
Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC];
Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Drazen BUDISA];
Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC];
Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC];
Liberal Party or LP [leader NA];
Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN] note: the Social Democratic Party or SDP and the Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS formed a coalition as did the HSS, HNS, LP, and IDS, which together defeated the Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ in the 2000 lower house parliamentary election

Political pressure groups and leaders

International organization participation

BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Ivan GRDESIC chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899

FAX

[1] (202) 588-8936 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Cleveland, Los Angeles, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Lawrence G. ROSSIN embassy: Andrije Hebranga 2, 100000 Zagreb mailing address: use street address telephone: [385] (1) 455-55-00

FAX

[385] (1) 455-85-85

Flag description

red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Economy

Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average.

32 fields

Real growth rate

3.2%

(2000 est.)industrial production growth: 1.7% (2000)

Inflation, consumer prices

(2000 est.)

Unemployment rate

22%

(October 2000)

Population below poverty line

(1999 est.)

Trading partnersexports left, imports right

15.7%

Germany

18.5%

18%

Italy

15.9%

12.8%

Bosnia and Herzegovina

10.6%

Slovenia

7.9%

Russia

8.6%

6.2%

Austria

7.1%

Exports $4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)Imports $7.8 billion (c.i.f., 1999)(1999)

Electricity

Electricity production

10.96 billion (1999)Electricity consumption

13.643 billion (1999)Electricity exports

1 billion (1999)Electricity imports

4.45 billion (1999)

Economy - overview

Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. Croatia faces considerable economic problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime communist mismanagement of the economy;

damage during the internecine fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee and displaced population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties. Stepped-up Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would help bolster the economy.

The economy emerged from its mild recession in 2000 with tourism the main factor. Massive unemployment remains a key negative element. The government's failure to press the economic reforms needed to spur growth is largely the result of coalition politics and public resistance, particularly from the trade unions, to measures that would cut jobs, wages, or social benefits.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $24.9 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 10% industry: 19% services: 71% (1999 est.)

Labor force

1.68 million (October 2000)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Budget

revenues: $6 billion expenditures: $4.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)

Industries

chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 40.89% hydro: 59% nuclear: 0% other: 0.11% (1999)

Agriculture - products

wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, soy beans, potatoes; livestock, dairy products

Exports

$4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1999)

Exports - commodities

transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels

Imports

$7.8 billion (c.i.f., 1999)

Imports - commodities

machinery, transport and electrical equipment, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, foodstuffs

Debt - external

$9.9 billion (December 1999)

Economic aid - recipient

$NA

Currency

kuna (HRK)

Currency code

HRK

Exchange rates

kuna per US dollar - 8.089 (January 2001), 8.277 (2000), 7.112 (1999), 6.362 (1998), 6.101 (1997), 5.434 (1996)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

10 fields

Mobile cellular

187,000

(yearend 1998)

Internet users

(2000)

Fixed lines

1.488 million

(1997) · country code .hr

Telephone system

general assessment:: NA domestic: reconstruction plan calls for replacement of all analog circuits with digital and enlarging the network;
a backup will be included in the plan for the main trunk international: digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb;
Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project which consists of two fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik;
Croatia is also investing in ADRIA 1, a joint fiber-optic project with Germany, Albania, and Greece (2000)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 16, FM 98, shortwave 5 (1999)

Radios

1.51 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations

36 (plus 321 repeaters) (September 1995)

Televisions

1.22 million (1997)

Internet users

100,000 (1999)

Transportation

10 fields

Railways

total: 2,296 km standard gauge: 2,296 km 1.435-m gauge (983 km electrified) (2000)

Highways

total: 27,840 km paved: 23,497 km (including 330 km of expressways) unpaved: 4,343 km (1998)

Waterways

785 km note: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris)

Pipelines

crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992)

Ports and harbors

Dubrovnik, Dugi Rat, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Vukovar (inland waterway port on Danube), Zadar

Merchant marine

total: 53 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 631,853 GRT/969,739 DWT ships by type: bulk 11, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 5, container 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)

Military

Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces

7 fields

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

3.8%

(2000)

Transnational Issues

2 fields

Disputes - international

Croatia and Italy made progress toward resolving a bilateral issue dating from World War II over property and ethnic minority rights;
progress with Slovenia on discussions of adjustments to land boundary, but problems remain in defining maritime boundary in Gulf of Piran;
Croatia and Yugoslavia are negotiating the status of the strategically important Prevlaka Peninsula, which is currently under a UN military observer mission (UNMOP)

Illicit drugs

transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe;
a minor transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Central Intelligence Agency. “Croatia.” The World Factbook 2001. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/croatia/2001.

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