Equatorial Guinea
Republic of Equatorial GuineaRepublica de Guinea Ecuatorial
republicIndependence 12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Equatorial Guinea as the 2002 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 110 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
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Introduction
1 fieldBackground
Composed of a mainland portion and five inhabited islands, Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. The tiny country, one of the smallest on the African continent, has been ruled by President OBIANG NGUEM MBASOGO since he seized power in a coup in 1979. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996 and 2002 presidential elections - as well as the 1999 legislative elections - were widely seen as being flawed.
Geography
Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon
18 fieldsLand useshare of 28,051 sq km
Environment - international agreements
- party to:
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution
- signed, but not ratified:
- none of the selected agreements
People
18 fieldsPer 1,000 population(2002 est.)
Male · female
Age structure
- 0-14 years:
- 42.4% (male 106,061; female 105,071)
- 15-64 years:
- 53.8% (male 128,489; female 139,732)
- 65 years and over:
- 3.8% (male 8,385; female 10,406) (2002 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.03 male(s)/female
- under 15 years:
- 1.01 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 0.92 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.81 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Nationality
- noun:
- Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
- adjective:
- Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Ethnic groups
Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni (primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish
Government
Republic; President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup); Prime Minister Candido Muatetema RIVAS (since 26 February 2001)
18 fieldsPresidential electionpercent of vote
Legislature, 76 seats, elected 7 March 1999one dot, one seat
Percent of vote
Country name
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Equatorial Guinea
- conventional short form:
- Equatorial Guinea
- local short form:
- Guinea Ecuatorial
- local long form:
- Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial
- former:
- Spanish Guinea
Administrative divisions
7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)
- elections:
- president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
- election last held 15 December 2002 (next to be held NA December 2009);
- prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president
- election results:
- Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO reelected president;
- percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO 97.1%, Celestino Bonifacio BACALE 2.2%;
- elections marred by widespread fraud
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Candido Muatetema RIVAS (since 26 February 2001);
- First Deputy Prime Minister Miguel OYONO NDONG (since NA January 1998);
- Deputy Prime Minister Demetrio Elo NDONG NZE FUMU (since NA January 1998)
Legislative branch
unicameral House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
- elections:
- last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)
- election results:
- percent of vote by party - PDGE 80%, UP 6%, CPDS 5%; seats by party - PDGE 75, UP 4 and CPDS 1
note: opposition parties have refused to take up their seats in the House to protest widespread irregularities in the 1999 legislative elections
Political parties and leaders
- Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido MIKO Abogo];
- Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE (ruling party) [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO];
- Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO];
- Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN];
- Popular Union or UP [Andres Moises Bda ADA];
- Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Victorino Bolekia BONAY];
- Union of Independent Democrats of UDI [Daniel OYONO]
International organization participation
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Pastor Micha ONDO BILE
- chancery:
- 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 528-5252
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 518-5700
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador George McDade STAPLES;
- note - the US does not have an embassy in Equatorial Guinea (embassy closed September 1995);
- the US ambassador to Cameroon is accredited to Equatorial Guinea;
- the US State Department is considering opening a Consulate Agency in Malabo
Flag description
- three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band;
- the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)
Economy
The discovery and exploitation of large oil reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth in recent years.
31 fieldsGDP - composition by sector(1999 est.)
Trading partnersexports left, imports right
Electricity
Economy - overview
The discovery and exploitation of large oil reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth in recent years. Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy under successive regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth (the government has stated its intention to reinvest some oil revenue into agriculture). A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement.
No longer eligible for concessional financing because of large oil revenues, the government has been unsuccessfully trying to agree on a "shadow" fiscal management program with the World Bank and IMF. Businesses, for the most part, are owned by government officials and their family members.
Undeveloped natural resources include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. Boosts in production and higher world oil prices stimulated growth in 2002, with oil accounting for 90% of increased exports.
Agriculture - products
- coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (tapioca), bananas, palm oil nuts;
- livestock;
- timber
Currency
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Exchange rates
- Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
- note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro
Communications
10 fieldsTelephone system
- general assessment:
- poor system with adequate government services
- domestic:
- NA
- international:
- international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Transportation
8 fieldsMerchant marine, 6 ships by typeone square, one ship · (2002 est.)
Airports by runway lengthpaved only
Airports by runway lengthunpaved only
Networkskm
Military
Army, Navy, Air Force, Rapid Intervention Force, National Police
5 fieldsTransnational Issues
1 fieldDisputes - international
- tripartite maritime boundary and economic zone dispute with Cameroon and Nigeria is currently before the ICJ;
- maritime boundary dispute with Gabon because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Equatorial Guinea.” The World Factbook 2002. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/equatorial-guinea/2002.