Georgia

• Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe;
• note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe;
• geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

• largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south;
• Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west;
• Mtkvari River Basin in the east;
• fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

• settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east;
• smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest

noun:

Georgian(s)

adjective:

Georgian

total:

38.6 years (2025 est.)

male:

35.9 years

female:

40.6 years

• settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east;
• smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest

at birth:

1.07 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.65 male(s)/female

total population:

0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

total:

20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)

male:

23.6 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

19.7 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

72.8 years (2024 est.)

male:

68.7 years

female:

77.2 years

total:

7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer:

1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine:

3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits:

2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols:

0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

total:

28.7% (2025 est.)

male:

53.9% (2025 est.)

female:

7.5% (2025 est.)

women married by age 15:

0.3% (2018)

women married by age 18:

13.9% (2018)

men married by age 18:

0.5% (2018)

• air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi;
• heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea;
• inadequate supplies of potable water;
• soil pollution from toxic chemicals;
• land and forest degradation;
• biodiversity loss;
• waste management

party to:

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

urban population:

60.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization:

0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia

municipal solid waste generated annually:

800,000 tons (2024 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled:

19.6% (2022 est.)

municipal:

504.96 million cubic meters (2022)

industrial:

354.46 million cubic meters (2022)

agricultural:

433.96 million cubic meters (2022)

conventional long form:

none

conventional short form:

Georgia

local long form:

Republic of Georgia

local short form:

Sak'art'velo

former:

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

etymology:

• the Western name probably derives from the name of the local people, the Gurz, whose name origin is uncertain;
• the native name "Sak'art'velo" means "Land of the Kartvelians" and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli

name:

Tbilisi

geographic coordinates:

41 41 N, 44 50 E

time difference:

UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology:

the name comes from the Georgian word tbili , meaning "warm" and referring to the hot sulfur springs in the area

history:

previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995

amendment process:

• proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters;
• passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

10 years

legislature name:

Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti)

legislative structure:

unicameral

number of seats:

150 (all directly elected)

electoral system:

proportional representation

scope of elections:

full renewal

term in office:

4 years

most recent election date:

10/26/2024

parties elected and seats per party:

• Georgian Dream (89);
• Coalition for Changes (19);
• Unity - National Movement (16);
• Strong Georgia – Lelo, For people, For Liberty! (14);
• For Georgia (12)

percentage of women in chamber:

16.8%

expected date of next election:

October 2028

highest court(s):

• Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia);
• Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)

judge selection and term of office:

• Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament;
• judges appointed for life;
• Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges;
• judges appointed for 10-year terms

subordinate courts:

Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts

note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts

• Ahali
• Citizens
• Conservative Party
• Droa
• European Georgia - Movement for Liberty
• For Georgia
• For the People
• Freedom Square
• Georgian Dream
• Girchi - More Freedom
• Law and Justice
• Lelo for Georgia
• National Democratic Party
• People's Power
• Progress and Freedom
• Republican Party
• State for the People
• Strategy Aghmashenebeli
• United National Movement or UNM

chief of mission:

Ambassador Tamar TALIASHVILI (since 24 July 2025)

chancery:

1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:

[1] (202) 387-2390

FAX:

[1] (202) 387-0864

email address and website:

[email protected]; https://georgiaembassyusa.org/contact/

consulate(s) general:

New York, San Francisco

chief of mission:

Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Alan S. PURCELL (since 16 July 2025)

embassy:

29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131

mailing address:

7060 Tbilisi Place, Washington, DC 20521-7060

telephone:

[995] (32) 227-70-00

FAX:

[995] (32) 253-23-10

email address and website:

[email protected]; https://ge.usembassy.gov/

description:

• white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag;
• each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross (also known as Bolnisi cross), which has equal-length arms that are slightly wider at the end than in the center

history:

sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag, the design is based on a 14th-century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia

title:

"Tavisupleba" (Liberty)

lyrics/music:

Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)

history:

adopted 2004, after the Rose Revolution; based on music from the operas "Abesalom da Eteri" and "Daisi"

total World Heritage Sites:

4 (3 cultural, 1 natural)

selected World Heritage Site locales:

• Gelati Monastery (c);
• Historical Monuments of Mtskheta (c);
• Upper Svaneti (c);
• Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (n)

• upper-middle income, fast-growing South Caucasus economy;
• regionally focused exporter of cars, metal ores, and energy;
• financial and migrant inflows resulting from Ukraine conflict;
• EU accession talks suspended over disputed election and foreign influence law;
• low inflation but persistent high unemployment

agriculture:

5.4% (2024 est.)

industry:

19.1% (2024 est.)

services:

62.8% (2024 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

total:

29.9% (2024 est.)

male:

28.4% (2024 est.)

female:

32.4% (2024 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

on food:

39% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

on alcohol and tobacco:

3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

lowest 10%:

2.7% (2023 est.)

highest 10%:

26.9% (2023 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

production:

148,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

consumption:

384,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

exports:

80 metric tons (2023 est.)

imports:

223,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

proven reserves:

900.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)

total petroleum production:

300 bbl/day (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption:

34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves:

35 million barrels (2021 est.)

production:

10.77 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

consumption:

2.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

imports:

2.764 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

proven reserves:

8.495 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

• state-owned Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes
  • Channel 1,
  • Channel 2,
  • and Adjara TV
  ;
• independent commercial TV broadcasters include
  • Imedi,
  • Rustavi 2,
  • Pirveli TV,
  • Maestro,
  • Kavkasia,
  • Georgian Dream Studios (GDS),
  • Obiektivi,
  • Mtavari Arkhi,
  • and TOK TV (Russian language)
  ;
• Tabula and Post TV are web-based TV outlets;
• Georgian Orthodox Church operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity;
• 26 regional TV broadcasters;
• TV shifted to digital in 2015;
• several dozen private radio stations;
• GPB operates 2 radio stations (2019)

total:

1,363 km (2014)

narrow gauge:

37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified)

broad gauge:

1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)

total ports:

3 (2024)

large:

0

medium:

0

small:

1

very small:

2

ports with oil terminals:

2

key ports:

Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal

• the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, some of which has been upgraded;
• it has smaller quantities of mostly secondhand material from such countries as Israel, Poland, Türkiye, and the US, as well as some domestically produced equipment;
• Georgia has a small defense industry which produces such items as small arms and light armored vehicles (2025)

• 18-35 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women;
• conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age;
• conscript service obligation is up to 11 months depending on the assigned ministry, job specialty, and if the service is carried out in a combat unit (2025)

note: conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections

refugees:

31,791 (2024 est.)

IDPs:

347,754 (2024 est.)

stateless persons:

488 (2024 est.)