Kyrgyzstan

• dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains;
• subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley);
• temperate in northern foothill zone

• abundant hydropower;
• significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals;
• locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas;
• other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

total:

8.01 cu km/yr (3%/4%/93%)

per capita:

1,558 cu m/yr (2006)

• water pollution;
• many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells;
• as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent;
• increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices

party to:

Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

• landlocked;
• entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range;
• 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m;
• many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes

noun:

Kyrgyzstani(s)

adjective:

Kyrgyzstani

at birth:

1.07 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.05 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1.03 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.96 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.77 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.63 male(s)/female

total population:

0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

total number:

563,920

percentage:

40.3 %

note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)

conventional long form:

Kyrgyz Republic

conventional short form:

Kyrgyzstan

local long form:

Kyrgyz Respublikasy

local short form:

Kyrgyzstan

former:

Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

name:

Bishkek

geographic coordinates:

42 52 N, 74 36 E

time difference:

UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

• 7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar);
• Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol)

note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

chief of state:

President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011)

head of government:

• Prime Minister Jantoro SATYBALDIEV (since 5 September 2012);
• First Deputy Prime Minister - Joomart OTORBAEV (since 5 September 2012);
• Deputy Prime Ministers - Tayyrbek SARPASHEV and Kamila TALIEVA (since 5 September 2012), Tokon MAMYTOV (since 19 June 2013)

cabinet:

• Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president;
• ministers in charge of defense and security are appointed solely by the president

; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president elected by popular vote for a six-year term;
• election last held on 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017);
• prime minister nominated by the parliamentary party holding more than 50% of the seats;
• if no such party exists, the president selects the party that will form a coalition majority and government

election results:

• Almazbek ATAMBAEV elected president;
• percent of vote - Almazbek ATAMBAEV 63.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV 14.7%, Kamchybek TASHIEV 14.3%, other 7.8%;
• Jantoro SATYBALDIEV elected prime minister;
• parliamentary vote - 111-2

highest court(s):

Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)

judge selection and term of office:

• Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president;
• Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years;
• mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts

subordinate courts:

Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts

• Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV]
• Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV, Akhmat KELDIBEKOV]
• Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]
• Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan) [Adakhan MADUMAROV]
• Respublika [Omurbek BABANOV]
• Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]

• Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]
• Citizens Against Corruption [Tolekan ISMAILOVA]
• Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]
• Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA]
• Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV]
• Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA]
• Union of True Muslims [Nurlan MOTUEV]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Mukhtar JUMALIEV (since 3 December 2010)

chancery:

2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 449-9822

FAX:

[1] (202) 386-7550

consulate(s):

New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Pamela L. SPRATLEN (since 15 April 2011)

embassy:

171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016

mailing address:

use embassy street address

telephone:

[996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217

FAX:

[996] (312) 551-264

• red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes;
• on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise;
• in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt;
• red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth

agriculture:

48%

industry:

12.5%

services:

39.5% (2005 est.)

lowest 10%:

2.8%

highest 10%:

27.8% (2009 est.)

• gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat, tobacco;
• mercury, uranium, electricity;
• machinery;
• shoes

general assessment:

• telecommunications infrastructure is being upgraded;
• loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are being used to install a digital network, digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links

domestic:

• fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas;
• multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage;
• mobile-cellular subscribership was about 115 per 100 persons in 2011

international:

• country code - 996;
• connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite;
• satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat);
• connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2011)

• state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations;
• roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels;
• state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks;
• about 20 private radio stations (2007)

total:

470 km

country comparison to the world: 112

broad gauge:

470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

• 18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry;
• service obligation - 1 year, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the callup mobilization reserve;
• women may volunteer at age 19;
• 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)

males age 16-49:

1,456,881

females age 16-49:

1,470,317 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

1,119,224

females age 16-49:

1,257,263 (2010 est.)

male:

56,606

female:

54,056 (2010 est.)

• Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan;
• disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan;
• delimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas

IDPs:

172,000 (June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority) (2012)

stateless persons:

• 15,473 (2012);
• note - most stateless people were born in Kyrgystan, have lived there many years, or are married to a Kyrgyz citizen;
• in 2009, Kyrgyzstan adopted a national action plan to speed up the exchange of old Soviet passports for Kyrgyz ones;
• stateless people are unable to register marriages and births, to travel within the country or abroad, to own property, or to receive social benefits

• limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets;
• limited government eradication of illicit crops;
• transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe;
• major consumer of opiates