The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2025 Europe
Judicial branch Romania, in 36 editions.
The entry for Romania published Judicial branch in 36 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2025. The text changed in 16 editions. Each is shown as published. Judicial branch in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 16
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2025
Published as “Judicial branch” (1990 to 2025).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2025 edition
Same as 2024- Supreme Court of Justice Chief of State--President of Provisional Council of National Unity Ion ILIESCU (since 23 December 1989);
- Head of Government--Prime Minister of Council of Ministers Petre ROMAN (since 23 December 1989)
Supreme Court of Justice Chief of State--President of Provisional Council of National Unity Ion ILIESCU (since 23 December 1989); Head of Government--Prime Minister of Council of Ministers Petre ROMAN (since 23 December 1989)
- Supreme Court of Justice Chief of State--President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 June 1990, previously President of Provisional Council of National Unity since 23 December 1989);
- Head of Government--Prime Minister Teodor STOLOJAN (since 2 October 1991) National Salvation Front (FSN), Ion STOICA;
- Magyar Democratic Union (UDMR), Geza DOMOKOS;
- National Liberal Party (PNL), Radu CAMPEANU;
- National Peasants' Christian and Democratic Party (PNTCD), Corneliu COPOSU;
- Ecology Movement (MER), leader NA;
- Romanian National Unity Party (AUR), Radu CEONTEA;
- there are now more than 100 other parties;
- note--although the Communist Party has ceased to exist, a small proto-Communist party, the Socialist Labor Party, has been formed
Rewritten: too little of the 1990 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court of Justice Chief of State--President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 June 1990, previously President of Provisional Council of National Unity since 23 December 1989); Head of Government--Prime Minister Teodor STOLOJAN (since 2 October 1991) National Salvation Front (FSN), Ion STOICA; Magyar Democratic Union (UDMR), Geza DOMOKOS; National Liberal Party (PNL), Radu CAMPEANU; National Peasants' Christian and Democratic Party (PNTCD), Corneliu COPOSU; Ecology Movement (MER), leader NA; Romanian National Unity Party (AUR), Radu CEONTEA; there are now more than 100 other parties; note--although the Communist Party has ceased to exist, a small proto-Communist party, the Socialist Labor Party, has been formed
Supreme Court of Justice
Rewritten: too little of the 1991 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court of Justice
The same text in 3 editions, 1993 to 1995.
Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court
Supreme Court of Justice Justice, Constitutional Court
Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed by the president on recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates
Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court judges are appointed by
the president on recommendation of the Superior Council of
Magistrates
The same text in 1997 and 1998.
Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed by the president on recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates
Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed by
president on recommendation of the Superior Council of
Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates
Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed
by the
Magistrates
Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates
Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed
The same text in 4 editions, 2001 to 2004.
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates)
Supreme Court of Justice, judges Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates Magistrates)
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates, a board of eleven judges and six prosecutors elected by parliament)
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates) Magistrates, a board of eleven judges and six prosecutors elected by parliament)
The same text in 7 editions, 2006 to 2012.
- Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and prosecutors elected by their peers);
- a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal rules of the Parliament;
- it is comprised of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies
Rewritten: too little of the 2005 text remains to mark the changes.
Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies
- highest court(s):
- High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 11 judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
- judge selection and term of office:
- High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, an 11-member body mostly of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists;
- judges appointed for 3-year renewable terms;
- Supreme Constitutional Court members appointed - 6 by Parliament and 3 by the president;
- members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms
- subordinate courts:
- Courts of Appeal;
- regional tribunals;
- first instance courts;
- military and arbitration courts
Rewritten: too little of the 2012 text remains to mark the changes.
highest court(s):
High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 11 judges); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office:
High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, an 11-member body mostly of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 3-year renewable terms; Supreme Constitutional Court members appointed - 6 by Parliament and 3 by the president; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts:
Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts
- highest court(s):
- High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges and organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections);
- Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
- judge selection and term of office:
- High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body mostly of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists;
- judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms;
- Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president;
- members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms
- subordinate courts:
- Courts of Appeal;
- regional tribunals;
- first instance courts;
- military and arbitration courts
highest court(s):
High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 11 judges); 111 judges and organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office:
High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, an 11-member a 19-member body mostly of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 3-year 6-year renewable terms; Supreme Constitutional Court members appointed - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts:
Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts
The same text in 2015 and 2016.
- highest court(s):
- High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections);
- Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
- judge selection and term of office:
- High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists;
- judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms;
- Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president;
- members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms
- subordinate courts:
- Courts of Appeal;
- regional tribunals;
- first instance courts;
- military and arbitration courts
highest court(s):and organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office:mostly of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts:
- highest court(s):
- High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections);
- Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
- judge selection and term of office:
- High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists;
- judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms;
- Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president;
- members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms
- subordinate courts:
- Courts of Appeal;
- regional tribunals;
- first instance courts;
- military and arbitration courts
highest court(s): High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, non-renewable nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts
The same text in 4 editions, 2018 to 2021.
- highest courts:
- High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections);
- Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
- judge selection and term of office:
- High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists;
- judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms;
- Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president;
- members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms
- subordinate courts:
- Courts of Appeal;
- regional tribunals;
- first instance courts;
- military and arbitration courts
highest court(s): courts: High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts
The same text in 4 editions, 2022 to 2025.
- highest court(s):
- High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections);
- Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
- judge selection and term of office:
- High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists;
- judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms;
- Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president;
- members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms
- subordinate courts:
- Courts of Appeal;
- regional tribunals;
- first instance courts;
- military and arbitration courts
highest courts: court(s): High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Romania: Judicial branch.” The World Factbook, 1990–2025 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/romania/judicial-branch.