The CIA World Factbook Every edition, 1990 to 2024 Europe
Telecommunication systems Romania, in 35 editions.
The entry for Romania published Telecommunication systems in 35 editions of 36, from 1990 to 2024. The text changed in 27 editions. Each is shown as published. Telecommunication systems in every entry.
- editions changed the text
- 27
- the first edition with it
- 1990
- the latest edition with it
- 2024
Published as “Telecommunications” (1990 to 1994), “Telephone system” (1995 to 2019) and “Telecommunication systems” (2020 to 2024).
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe edition shownChoose an edition on the strip beside the text, or step through them with the arrows. Mark changes compares it with the edition before: the marks are ours, words added and words removed.
2024 edition
Same as 2023Published as “Telecommunications”
- stations--39 AM, 30 FM, 38 TV;
- 3,910,000 TV sets;
- 3,225,000 radio receivers;
- satellite earth stations--1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
stations--39 AM, 30 FM, 38 TV; 3,910,000 TV sets; 3,225,000 radio receivers; satellite earth stations--1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
Published as “Telecommunications”
- about 2.3 million telephone customers;
- 89% of phone network is automatic;
- present phone density is 9.85 per 100 residents;
- roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990);
- stations--39 AM, 29 FM, 39 TV (1990)
Rewritten: too little of the 1990 text remains to mark the changes.
about 2.3 million telephone customers; 89% of phone network is automatic; present phone density is 9.85 per 100 residents; roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990); stations--39 AM, 29 FM, 39 TV (1990)
The same text in 1992 and 1993.
Published as “Telecommunications”
- poor service;
- about 2.3 million telephone customers;
- 89% of phone network is automatic;
- cable and open wire;
- trunk network is microwave;
- present phone density is 9.85 per 100 residents;
- roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990);
- broadcast stations - 12 AM, 5 FM, 13 TV (1990);
- 1 satellite ground station using INTELSAT
poor service; about 2.3 million telephone customers; 89% of phone network is
automatic; cable and open wire; trunk network is microwave; present phone
density is 9.85 per 100 residents; roughly 3,300 villages with no service
(February 1990); stations--39 broadcast stations - 12 AM, 29 5 FM, 39 13 TV (1990) (1990); 1 satellite
ground station using INTELSAT
Published as “Telecommunications”
- poor service;
- about 2.3 million telephone customers;
- 89% of phone network is automatic;
- cable and open wire;
- trunk network is microwave;
- present phone density is 9.85 per 100 residents;
- roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990);
- new digital international direct dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993);
- broadcast stations - 12 AM, 5 FM, 13 TV (1990);
- 1 satellite ground station using INTELSAT
poor service; about 2.3 million telephone customers; 89% of phone
network is
present phone
villages with no service
direct dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993); broadcast stations - 12
AM, 5 FM, 13 TV (1990); 1 satellite
Published as “Telephone system”
- about 2.3 million telephones;
- 99 telephones/1,000 persons;
- 89% of phone network is automatic;
- poor service;
- cable and open wire
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- trunk network is microwave; roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990)
- international:
- 1 INTELSAT earth station; new digital international direct dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993)
poor service; about 2.3 million telephone customers; telephones; 99 telephones/1,000
persons; 89% of phone
open wire; wire
local: NA
intercity: trunk network is microwave;
present phone density is 9.85 per 100 residents;
service (February 1990); 1990)
international: 1 INTELSAT earth station; new digital international
direct dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993); broadcast stations - 12 (1993)
AM, 5 FM, 13 TV (1990); 1 satellite ground station using INTELSAT
The same text in 1996 and 1997.
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic:
- poor service;
- 89% of telephone network is automatic;
- trunk network is microwave radio relay;
- roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990 est.)
- international:
- satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital international direct-dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993 est.)
about 2.3 million telephones; 99 telephones/1,000 domestic: poor service; 89% of
persons;phone telephone network is automatic; poor service; cable and trunk
open wire
local: NA
intercity:
network is microwave; microwave radio relay; roughly 3,300 villages with no
service (February 1990) 1990 est.)
international: 1 INTELSAT satellite earth station; station - 1 Intelsat; new digital internationaldirect dial international direct-dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993) (1993 est.)
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic:
- poor service;
- 89% of telephone network is automatic;
- trunk network is microwave radio relay;
- roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990 est.)
- international:
- satellite earth station-1 Intelsat; new digital international direct-dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993 est.)
domestic: poor service; 89% of telephone network is automatic; trunk
network is microwave radio relay; roughly 3,300 villages with no
service (February 1990 est.)
international: satellite earth station - 1 station-1 Intelsat; new digital
international direct-dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993 est.)
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic:
- poor service;
- 89% of telephone network is automatic;
- trunk network is microwave radio relay;
- roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990 est.)
- international:
- satellite earth station--1 Intelsat; new digital international direct-dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993 est.)
domestic: poor service; 89% of telephone network is automatic; trunk
network is microwave radio relay; roughly 3,300 villages with no
service (February 1990 est.)
international: satellite earth station-1 station--1 Intelsat; new digital
international direct-dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993 est.)
Published as “Telephone system”
- domestic:
- poor service;
- 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable;
- about one-third of exchange capacity is digital;
- roughly 3,300 villages have no service
- international:
- satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat;
- new digital international direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest;
- note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
domestic: poor service; 89% 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunkrelay; relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages with have no(February 1990 est.)
international: satellite earth station--1 station - 1 Intelsat; new digitalare operate in Bucharest (1993 est.) Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- poor domestic service, but improving domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable;
- about one-third of exchange capacity is digital;
- roughly 3,300 villages have no service international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat;
- new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest;
- note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
domestic: general assessment: poor service; domestic service, but improving domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no servicedigital international digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
The same text in 2002 and 2003.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- poor domestic service, but improving
- domestic:
- 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable;
- about one-third of exchange capacity is digital;
- roughly 3,300 villages have no service
- international:
- satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat;
- new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest;
- note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
general assessment: poor domestic service, but improving
domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no service
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
The same text in 2004 and 2005.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- poor domestic service, but improving
- domestic:
- 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable;
- about one-third of exchange capacity is digital;
- roughly 3,300 villages have no service
- international:
- country code - 40;
- satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat;
- new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest;
- note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
general assessment: poor domestic service, but improving
domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is mostly microwave radio relay, with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no service
international: country code - 40; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- rapidly improving domestic and international service, especially in wireless telephony
- domestic:
- 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- liberalization in 2003 is transforming telecommunications;
- there has been 20% growth in fixed lines with a penetration rate of 58% of households;
- nation-wide wireless service is growing even faster with four major providers and a penetration rate of 32%
- international:
- country code - 40;
- satellite earth station - 10 (Intelsat 4);
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2005)
general assessment: poor rapidly improving domestic and international service, but improving especially in wireless telephony
domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network liberalization in 2003 is mostly microwave radio relay, transforming telecommunications; there has been 20% growth in fixed lines with some fiber-optic cable; about one-third a penetration rate of exchange capacity is digital; roughly 3,300 villages have no 58% of households; nation-wide wireless service is growing even faster with four major providers and a penetration rate of 32%
international: country code - 40; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new 10 (Intelsat 4); digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest; note - Romania is an active participant in several international telecommunication network projects (1999) Bucharest (2005)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- rapidly improving domestic and international service, especially in wireless telephony
- domestic:
- 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- liberalization in 2003 is transforming telecommunications;
- there has been 20% growth in fixed lines with a penetration rate of 58% of households;
- nation-wide wireless service is growing even faster with 4 major providers and a penetration rate of 32%
- international:
- country code - 40;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2005)
general assessment: rapidly improving domestic and international service, especially in wireless telephony
domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; liberalization in 2003 is transforming telecommunications; there has been 20% growth in fixed lines with a penetration rate of 58% of households; nation-wide wireless service is growing even faster with four 4 major providers and a penetration rate of 32%
international: country code - 40; satellite earth station stations - 10 (Intelsat 4); 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2005)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially in wireless telephony
- domestic:
- more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic;
- liberalization in 2003 is transforming telecommunications;
- fixed-line teledensity is roughly 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular teledensity now slightly exceeds 100 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2007)
general assessment: rapidly improving domestic and international service, service improving rapidly, especially in wireless telephony
domestic: 90% more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; liberalization in 2003 is transforming telecommunications; there has been 20% growth in fixed lines with a penetration rate of 58% of households; nation-wide wireless service fixed-line teledensity is growing even faster with 4 major providers and a penetration rate of 32% roughly 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity now slightly exceeds 100 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2005) (2007)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
- domestic:
- more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic;
- fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular teledensity, expanding rapidly, roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2008)
general assessment:
the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially in wireless telephony mobile-cellular services
domestic:
more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; liberalization in 2003 is transforming telecommunications; fixed-line teledensity is roughly exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity now slightly exceeds 100 teledensity, expanding rapidly, roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
international:
country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2007) (2008)
The same text in 2010 and 2011.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
- domestic:
- more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic;
- fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular teledensity, expanding rapidly, roughly 115 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2009)
general assessment:
the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
domestic:
more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, expanding rapidly, roughly 110 115 telephones per 100 persons
international:
country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2008) (2009)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
- domestic:
- more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic;
- fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest
general assessment:
the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
domestic:
more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, expanding rapidly, teledensity roughly 115 110 telephones per 100 persons
international:
country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2009)
The same text in 2013 and 2014.
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
- domestic:
- more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic;
- fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2011)
general assessment:
the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
domestic:
more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
international:
country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2011)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
- domestic:
- more than 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2011)
general assessment:
domestic:90 percent 90% of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
international:
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
- domestic:
- more than 90% of telephone network is automatic;
- fixed-line teledensity is about 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile-cellular teledensity over 100 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2014)
general assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
domestic: more than 90% of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds is about 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 over 100 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2011) (2014)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
- domestic:
- fixed-line teledensity is about 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile market served by five mobile network operators;
- mobile-cellular teledensity over 105 telephones per 100 persons
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2016)
general assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
domestic: more than 90% of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity is about 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by five mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 100 105 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2014) (2016)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized;
- domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services (2016)
- domestic:
- fixed-line teledensity is about 20 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile market served by five mobile network operators;
- mobile-cellular teledensity over 105 telephones per 100 persons (2016)
- international:
- country code - 40;
- the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2016)
general assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services (2016)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by five mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 105 telephones per 100 persons (2016)
international: country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2016)
Published as “Telephone system”
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized;
- domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services;
- competition among a number of telecoms;
- LTE services;
- 1Gb/FttP offering;
- government secures EU funding to extend broadband to areas of the country not yet connected (2018)
- domestic:
- fixed-line teledensity is about 18 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile market served by four mobile network operators;
- mobile-cellular teledensity over 105 telephones per 100 persons (2018)
- international:
- country code - 40;
- landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
general assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services (2016) services; competition among a number of telecoms; LTE services; 1Gb/FttP offering; government secures EU funding to extend broadband to areas of the country not yet connected (2018)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 20 18 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by five four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 105 telephones per 100 persons (2016) (2018)
international: country code - 40; landing point for the Black Sea Fiber-Optic Cable System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2016) (2019)
- general assessment:
- the telecommunications sector is being expanded;
- domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services;
- competition among a number of telecoms;
- LTE and 5G services;
- 1Gb/FttP offering;
- govt. secures EU funding to extend broadband to areas of the country not yet connected and does away with SIM card registration;
- operators invest in networks capacity upgrades (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line teledensity is about 17 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile market served by four mobile network operators;
- mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 telephones per 100 persons (2019)
- international:
- country code - 40;
- landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
general assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; expanded; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services; competition among a number of telecoms; LTE and 5G services; 1Gb/FttP offering; government govt. secures EU funding to extend broadband to areas of the country not yet connected (2018) and does away with SIM card registration; operators invest in networks capacity upgrades (2020)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 18 17 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 105 117 telephones per 100 persons (2018) (2019)
international: country code - 40; landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
- general assessment:
- Romania’s telecom sector benefits from infrastructure-based competition;
- domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services;
- fiber sector is one of strongest in Europe;
- government secured EU funding to extend broadband to rural areas;
- operators invest in networks’ capacity upgrades;
- operator testing IoT;
- importer of broadcasting equipment from EU neighbors (2020)
- domestic:
- fixed-line teledensity is about 17 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile market served by four mobile network operators;
- mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 telephones per 100 persons (2019)
- international:
- country code - 40;
- landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
general assessment: the telecommunications Romania’s telecom sector is being expanded; benefits from infrastructure-based competition; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services; competition among a number fiber sector is one of telecoms; LTE and 5G services; 1Gb/FttP offering; govt. secures strongest in Europe; government secured EU funding to extend broadband to areas of the country not yet connected and does away with SIM card registration; rural areas; operators invest in networks networks’ capacity upgrades upgrades; operator testing IoT; importer of broadcasting equipment from EU neighbors (2020)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 17 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 telephones per 100 persons (2019)
international: country code - 40; landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect consequent restriction on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable services as a tool for work and satellite - has moderated school from home became evident, and received some support from governments
- general assessment:
- Romania’s telecom market has undergone several significant changes in recent years;
- the mobile market is served by network operators that have extensive LTE networks in place, while services based on 5G have been offered under their existing spectrum concessions since 2019;
- the delayed multi-spectrum auction, expected to be completed later in 2021, will enable the operators to expand 5G network capacity and enable consumers to make far greater use of the technology’s potential;
- in line with legislation passed in July 2021 the MNOs will have to replace equipment provided by vendors deemed to be a security risk (2021)
- domestic:
- fixed-line teledensity is about 16 telephones per 100 persons;
- mobile market served by four mobile network operators;
- mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 telephones per 100 persons (2020)
- international:
- country code - 40;
- landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
general assessment: Romania’s telecom sector benefits from infrastructure-based competition; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services; fiber sector market has undergone several significant changes in recent years; the mobile market is one of strongest served by network operators that have extensive LTE networks in Europe; government secured EU funding to extend broadband place, while services based on 5G have been offered under their existing spectrum concessions since 2019; the delayed multi-spectrum auction, expected to rural areas; operators invest be completed later in networks’ 2021, will enable the operators to expand 5G network capacity upgrades; operator testing IoT; importer and enable consumers to make far greater use of broadcasting the technology’s potential; in line with legislation passed in July 2021 the MNOs will have to replace equipment from EU neighbors (2020) provided by vendors deemed to be a security risk (2021)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 17 16 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 telephones per 100 persons (2019) (2020)
international: country code - 40; landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards toward 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and has increased due to the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became is still evident, and received some support from governments the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
The same text in 2023 and 2024.
- general assessment:
- Romania’s telecom market has undergone several significant changes in recent years;
- the mobile market is served by network operators that have extensive LTE networks in place, while services based on 5G have been offered under their existing spectrum concessions since 2019;
- the delayed multi-spectrum auction, expected to be completed later in 2021, will enable the operators to expand 5G network capacity and enable consumers to make far greater use of the technology’s potential;
- in line with legislation passed in July 2021 the MNOs will have to replace equipment provided by vendors deemed to be a security risk (2021)
- domestic:
- fixed-line teledensity is 13 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is119 telephones per 100 persons (2021)
- international:
- country code - 40;
- landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia;
- satellite earth stations - 10;
- digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
general assessment: Romania’s telecom market has undergone several significant changes in recent years; the mobile market is served by network operators that have extensive LTE networks in place, while services based on 5G have been offered under their existing spectrum concessions since 2019; the delayed multi-spectrum auction, expected to be completed later in 2021, will enable the operators to expand 5G network capacity and enable consumers to make far greater use of the technology’s potential; in line with legislation passed in July 2021 the MNOs will have to replace equipment provided by vendors deemed to be a security risk (2021)
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is about 16 13 telephones per 100 persons; mobile market served by four mobile network operators; mobile-cellular teledensity over 117 is119 telephones per 100 persons (2020) (2021)
international: country code - 40; landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)
note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services
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Cite this page
Central Intelligence Agency. “Romania: Telecommunication systems.” The World Factbook, 1990–2024 editions. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/romania/telecommunication-systems.